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Ⅴ. (2023·南京鼓楼区期末)完形填空
In the city of London about 150 years ago, many people started to get very sick. The sickness they had was called “cholera” (霍乱). The disease caused 1 ________ among Londoners because nobody knew how to prevent it or cure it.
Most doctors thought that people got cholera from breathing in 2 ________ air. They told patients to open their windows and breathe in fresh air as much as possible. Some doctors told their patients to drink lots of water or take certain medicine. However, their advice did not 3 ________. They did not know what to do.
John Snow was a doctor and scientist who had a(n) 4 ________ idea. He thought that cholera might have been spreading through the water that people were drinking. Maybe polluted water was making everyone sick.
At first, nobody paid much attention to Dr Snow. They believed that cholera was spread through the air and that water was not the 5 ________. Dr Snow developed a plan to prove his theory (理论). He went to different neighbourhoods in London and 6 ________ their water. He also counted the number of sick people in each neighbourhood. It was just as he had thought! The neighbourhoods with the cleanest water had the 7 ________ sick people. The places with the dirtiest water had the greatest number of sick people. This proved his theory that cholera was spread through dirty water. The other doctors finally 8 ________ that Dr Snow was right. All over London, people stopped drinking water that might be polluted. Almost 9 ________, people stopped getting sick. All it took was clean water.
Thanks to Dr John Snow, we also know how to stop many other sicknesses that can be spread through dirty water. We would not know about the risks of dirty water if it were not for Dr John Snow’s hard work and 10 ________. Dr Snow may not be as famous as Batman or Wonder Woman, but he is a hero.
1. A. stress B. pain
C. fear D. hunger
2. A. cold B. warm
C. clean D. polluted
3. A. work B. matter
C. accept D. appear
4. A. different B. similar
C. strange D. amazing
5. A. case B. result
C. problem D. disease
6. A. heated B. tested
C. drank D. cleared
7. A. largest B. smallest
C. most D. fewest
8. A. doubted B. mentioned
C. supported D. realized
9. A. at once B. at least
C. at present D. at last
10. A. treatment B. discovery
C. technology D. invention
In the city of London about 150 years ago, many people started to get very sick. The sickness they had was called “cholera” (霍乱). The disease caused 1 ________ among Londoners because nobody knew how to prevent it or cure it.
Most doctors thought that people got cholera from breathing in 2 ________ air. They told patients to open their windows and breathe in fresh air as much as possible. Some doctors told their patients to drink lots of water or take certain medicine. However, their advice did not 3 ________. They did not know what to do.
John Snow was a doctor and scientist who had a(n) 4 ________ idea. He thought that cholera might have been spreading through the water that people were drinking. Maybe polluted water was making everyone sick.
At first, nobody paid much attention to Dr Snow. They believed that cholera was spread through the air and that water was not the 5 ________. Dr Snow developed a plan to prove his theory (理论). He went to different neighbourhoods in London and 6 ________ their water. He also counted the number of sick people in each neighbourhood. It was just as he had thought! The neighbourhoods with the cleanest water had the 7 ________ sick people. The places with the dirtiest water had the greatest number of sick people. This proved his theory that cholera was spread through dirty water. The other doctors finally 8 ________ that Dr Snow was right. All over London, people stopped drinking water that might be polluted. Almost 9 ________, people stopped getting sick. All it took was clean water.
Thanks to Dr John Snow, we also know how to stop many other sicknesses that can be spread through dirty water. We would not know about the risks of dirty water if it were not for Dr John Snow’s hard work and 10 ________. Dr Snow may not be as famous as Batman or Wonder Woman, but he is a hero.
1. A. stress B. pain
C. fear D. hunger
2. A. cold B. warm
C. clean D. polluted
3. A. work B. matter
C. accept D. appear
4. A. different B. similar
C. strange D. amazing
5. A. case B. result
C. problem D. disease
6. A. heated B. tested
C. drank D. cleared
7. A. largest B. smallest
C. most D. fewest
8. A. doubted B. mentioned
C. supported D. realized
9. A. at once B. at least
C. at present D. at last
10. A. treatment B. discovery
C. technology D. invention
答案
1. C [解析]考查名词辨析。句意：这种疾病引起了伦敦人的恐慌，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗它。stress 压力；pain 疼痛；fear 害怕，恐惧；hunger 饥饿。根据“because nobody knew how to prevent it or cure it”可知，这引起了伦敦人的恐慌。故选 C。
2. D [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意：大多数医生认为人们因吸入被污染的空气而得霍乱。cold 寒冷的；warm 温暖的；clean 干净的；polluted 被污染的。根据“people got cholera from breathing in... air”可知，应该是吸入了被污染的空气。故选 D。
3. A [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：然而，他们的建议没有奏效。work 奏效，起作用；matter 要紧；accept 接受；appear 出现。根据“They did not know what to do.”可知，他们的建议没有奏效。故选 A。
4. A [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意：约翰·斯诺是一位医生，也是一位科学家，他有不同的想法。different 不同的；similar 类似的；strange 奇怪的；amazing 令人惊奇的。根据“He thought that cholera might have been spreading through the water that people were drinking.”以及上文的“Most doctors thought that people got cholera from breathing in... air.”可知，斯诺医生有不同的观点。故选 A。
5. C [解析]考查名词辨析。句意：他们认为霍乱是通过空气传播的，水不是问题所在。case 案件；result 结果；problem 问题；disease 疾病。根据“They believed that cholera was spread through the air”可知，其他的医生认为水不是问题所在。故选 C。
6. B [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：他去了伦敦不同的街区，并检测了他们的水。heat 加热；test 测试，检测；drink 喝；clear 清理。根据“He went to different neighbourhoods in London and... their water.”可知，斯诺医生应该是对水进行了检测。故选 B。
7. D [解析]考查形容词最高级辨析。句意：水最干净的社区患病人数最少。largest 最大的；smallest 最小的；most 最多的；fewest 最少的。根据“The places with the dirtiest water had the greatest number of sick people.”可知，水最干净的社区患病人数最少。故选 D。
8. D [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：其他医生终于意识到斯诺医生是对的。doubt 怀疑；mention 提到；support 支持；realize 意识到。根据“The other doctors finally... that Dr Snow was right.”可知，其他医生终于意识到斯诺医生是对的。故选 D。
9. A [解析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：几乎在同一时间，人们不再生病了。at once 立刻；at least 至少；at present 现在；at last 最终。根据“All over London, people stopped drinking water that might be polluted.”可知，人们不再喝受污染的水后，立刻就不生病了。故选 A。
10. B [解析]考查名词辨析。句意：如果不是约翰·斯诺医生的辛勤工作和发现，我们就不会知道污水的危害。treatment 治疗；discovery 发现；technology 技术；invention 发明。根据上文的“This proved his theory that cholera was spread through dirty water.”可知，这是斯诺医生的发现。故选 B。
2. D [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意：大多数医生认为人们因吸入被污染的空气而得霍乱。cold 寒冷的；warm 温暖的；clean 干净的；polluted 被污染的。根据“people got cholera from breathing in... air”可知，应该是吸入了被污染的空气。故选 D。
3. A [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：然而，他们的建议没有奏效。work 奏效，起作用；matter 要紧；accept 接受；appear 出现。根据“They did not know what to do.”可知，他们的建议没有奏效。故选 A。
4. A [解析]考查形容词辨析。句意：约翰·斯诺是一位医生，也是一位科学家，他有不同的想法。different 不同的；similar 类似的；strange 奇怪的；amazing 令人惊奇的。根据“He thought that cholera might have been spreading through the water that people were drinking.”以及上文的“Most doctors thought that people got cholera from breathing in... air.”可知，斯诺医生有不同的观点。故选 A。
5. C [解析]考查名词辨析。句意：他们认为霍乱是通过空气传播的，水不是问题所在。case 案件；result 结果；problem 问题；disease 疾病。根据“They believed that cholera was spread through the air”可知，其他的医生认为水不是问题所在。故选 C。
6. B [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：他去了伦敦不同的街区，并检测了他们的水。heat 加热；test 测试，检测；drink 喝；clear 清理。根据“He went to different neighbourhoods in London and... their water.”可知，斯诺医生应该是对水进行了检测。故选 B。
7. D [解析]考查形容词最高级辨析。句意：水最干净的社区患病人数最少。largest 最大的；smallest 最小的；most 最多的；fewest 最少的。根据“The places with the dirtiest water had the greatest number of sick people.”可知，水最干净的社区患病人数最少。故选 D。
8. D [解析]考查动词辨析。句意：其他医生终于意识到斯诺医生是对的。doubt 怀疑；mention 提到；support 支持；realize 意识到。根据“The other doctors finally... that Dr Snow was right.”可知，其他医生终于意识到斯诺医生是对的。故选 D。
9. A [解析]考查介词短语辨析。句意：几乎在同一时间，人们不再生病了。at once 立刻；at least 至少；at present 现在；at last 最终。根据“All over London, people stopped drinking water that might be polluted.”可知，人们不再喝受污染的水后，立刻就不生病了。故选 A。
10. B [解析]考查名词辨析。句意：如果不是约翰·斯诺医生的辛勤工作和发现，我们就不会知道污水的危害。treatment 治疗；discovery 发现；technology 技术；invention 发明。根据上文的“This proved his theory that cholera was spread through dirty water.”可知，这是斯诺医生的发现。故选 B。
