三、重点语法。
动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
2. 动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等。
3. 动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成,如 tell him not to go out,decide not to leave 等。
4. “疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和 what,which,how,where,when 等连用,如 how to deal with it,where to go 等。
5. 不带 to 的动词不定式
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to,常见于使役动词(let,make,have 等)或感官动词(see,watch,feel 等)。
语法附加小练习。(翻译句子)
1. 我决定每天早上跑半小时。(decide to do)
2. 她发现坚持自己的爱好很难。(find it+adj. +to do)
3. 当汤姆空闲的时候,他打篮球来保持健康和减压。(不定式作目的状语)
4. 当我写不好书法时,王老师告诉我保持耐心。(fail to do;tell sb to do)
5. 即使玛丽摔倒了很多次,她的爸爸还是鼓励她不要放弃尝试。(encourage sb to do)
动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
2. 动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语等。
3. 动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成,如 tell him not to go out,decide not to leave 等。
4. “疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和 what,which,how,where,when 等连用,如 how to deal with it,where to go 等。
5. 不带 to 的动词不定式
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带 to,常见于使役动词(let,make,have 等)或感官动词(see,watch,feel 等)。
语法附加小练习。(翻译句子)
1. 我决定每天早上跑半小时。(decide to do)
I decide to run for half an hour every morning.
2. 她发现坚持自己的爱好很难。(find it+adj. +to do)
She finds it difficult to stick to her own hobby.
3. 当汤姆空闲的时候,他打篮球来保持健康和减压。(不定式作目的状语)
Tom plays basketball to keep healthy and reduce stress when he is free.
4. 当我写不好书法时,王老师告诉我保持耐心。(fail to do;tell sb to do)
When I failed to do calligraphy, Mr Wang told me to be patient.
5. 即使玛丽摔倒了很多次,她的爸爸还是鼓励她不要放弃尝试。(encourage sb to do)
Although Mary fell over many times, her father encouraged her not to give up trying.
答案
1. I decide to run for half an hour every morning.
2. She finds it difficult to stick to her own hobby.
3. Tom plays basketball to keep healthy and reduce stress when he is free.
4. When I failed to do calligraphy, Mr Wang told me to be patient.
5. Although Mary fell over many times, her father encouraged her not to give up trying.
2. She finds it difficult to stick to her own hobby.
3. Tom plays basketball to keep healthy and reduce stress when he is free.
4. When I failed to do calligraphy, Mr Wang told me to be patient.
5. Although Mary fell over many times, her father encouraged her not to give up trying.
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