3. (2023·常德)如图①,在Rt△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,AB=8,BC=6,D是AB上一点,且AD=2,过点D作DE//BC交AC于点E. 将△ADE绕点A按顺时针方向旋转到图②的位置,连接BD、CE,则图②中$\frac{BD}{CE}$的值为__________:

答案
$\frac{4}{5}$ 解析:∵ ∠ABC = 90°,AB = 8,BC = 6,∴ AC = $\sqrt{AB^{2}+BC^{2}}=\sqrt{8^{2}+6^{2}} = 10$. ∵ DE//BC,∴ △ADE∽△ABC. ∴ $\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{AE}{AC}$,即$\frac{AD}{AE}=\frac{AB}{AC}$. ∵ 将△ADE绕点A按顺时针方向旋转到题图②的位置,∴ ∠DAB = ∠EAC. ∴ △ADB∽△AEC. ∴ $\frac{BD}{CE}=\frac{AB}{AC}=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}$.
4. 小王学习了相似图形后,进一步开展探究活动:将一个矩形ABCD绕点A按顺时针方向旋转α(0°<α≤90°),得到矩形AB'C'D',连接BD.
(1) 如图①,当α=90°时,点C'恰好在线段DB的延长线上. 若AB=1,求BC的长.
(2) 如图②,连接AC',过点D'作D'M//AC',交BD于点M. 线段DM与D'M的长相等吗?请说明理由.
(3) 如图③,在(2)的条件下,射线DB分别交AD'、AC'于点P、N,小王发现线段DN、MN、PN之间存在一定的数量关系,请写出这个关系式,并加以证明.

(1) 如图①,当α=90°时,点C'恰好在线段DB的延长线上. 若AB=1,求BC的长.
(2) 如图②,连接AC',过点D'作D'M//AC',交BD于点M. 线段DM与D'M的长相等吗?请说明理由.
(3) 如图③,在(2)的条件下,射线DB分别交AD'、AC'于点P、N,小王发现线段DN、MN、PN之间存在一定的数量关系,请写出这个关系式,并加以证明.
答案
(1)设BC = x. ∵ 将矩形ABCD绕点A按顺时针方向旋转90°,得到矩形AB'C'D',∴ 点A、B、D'在同一条直线上,AD' = AD = BC = x,D'C' = AB' = AB = 1,∠BAD = ∠D' = 90°. ∴ D'B = AD' - AB = x - 1,D'C'//DA. 又∵ 点C'在线段DB的延长线上,∴ ∠D'C'B = ∠ADB. ∴ △D'C'B∽△ADB. ∴ $\frac{D'C'}{AD}=\frac{D'B}{AB}$. ∴ $\frac{1}{x}=\frac{x - 1}{1}$,解得$x_{1}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$,$x_{2}=\frac{1 - \sqrt{5}}{2}$(不合题意,舍去),即BC = $\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}$
(2)DM = D'M 理由:连接DD'. ∵ D'M//AC',∴ ∠AD'M = ∠D'AC'. 由题意,易得AD' = DA,∠AD'C' = ∠DAB = 90°,D'C' = AB,∴ △AC'D'≌△DBA. ∴ ∠D'AC' = ∠ADB. ∴ ∠ADB = ∠AD'M. ∵ AD = AD',∴ ∠ADD' = ∠AD'D. ∴ ∠ADD' - ∠ADB = ∠AD'D - ∠AD'M. ∴ ∠MDD' = ∠MD'D. ∴ DM = D'M.
(3)MN² = PN·DN 连接AM. ∵ D'M = DM,AD' = AD,AM = AM,∴ △AD'M≌△ADM. ∴ ∠MAD' = ∠MAD. ∵ ∠AMN = ∠MAD + ∠NDA,∠NAM = ∠MAD' + ∠NAP,∴ ∠AMN = ∠NAM. ∴ MN = AN. ∵ ∠ANP = ∠DNA,∠NAP = ∠NDA,∴ △NAP∽△NDA. ∴ $\frac{PN}{AN}=\frac{AN}{DN}$. ∴ AN² = PN·DN. ∴ MN² = PN·DN
(2)DM = D'M 理由:连接DD'. ∵ D'M//AC',∴ ∠AD'M = ∠D'AC'. 由题意,易得AD' = DA,∠AD'C' = ∠DAB = 90°,D'C' = AB,∴ △AC'D'≌△DBA. ∴ ∠D'AC' = ∠ADB. ∴ ∠ADB = ∠AD'M. ∵ AD = AD',∴ ∠ADD' = ∠AD'D. ∴ ∠ADD' - ∠ADB = ∠AD'D - ∠AD'M. ∴ ∠MDD' = ∠MD'D. ∴ DM = D'M.
(3)MN² = PN·DN 连接AM. ∵ D'M = DM,AD' = AD,AM = AM,∴ △AD'M≌△ADM. ∴ ∠MAD' = ∠MAD. ∵ ∠AMN = ∠MAD + ∠NDA,∠NAM = ∠MAD' + ∠NAP,∴ ∠AMN = ∠NAM. ∴ MN = AN. ∵ ∠ANP = ∠DNA,∠NAP = ∠NDA,∴ △NAP∽△NDA. ∴ $\frac{PN}{AN}=\frac{AN}{DN}$. ∴ AN² = PN·DN. ∴ MN² = PN·DN
登录