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四、说到 DIY，王鹏分享了自己认识的一位名叫张胜武的大叔手工制作潜艇的故事，其事迹令在场同学们大为震撼，一起来了解一下吧。
Zhang Shengwu, a 60-year-old farmer, comes from Anhui. Recently, he has attracted much attention by successfully building a submarine(潜艇) by himself. The submarine, named “Big Black Fish”, can dive(潜水) to 8 metres underwater with two people inside.
Zhang has loved inventing things since he was a child. More than 20 years ago, he ran a business selling sand in his hometown, watching ships come and go every day. In 2014, he saw a person build a submarine on TV and decided to build one on his own.
Drawing on his practical experience with boats, Zhang spent six months building his first submarine. It was 6 metres long, 1.2 metres high and weighed 2 tons. He even got a national patent(专利) for it. Later, in 2016, he invented a special boat. It created almost no waves when moving and Zhang got another patent for it.
Now, Zhang’s newest submarine is bigger, which has a length of 7 metres, a height of 1.8 metres, and weighs 5 tons. To make it stable(稳固的), Zhang poured 2 tons of concrete(混凝土) into the bottom of the submarine.
Watching his submarines grow larger and his skills improve, Zhang dreams of building an even larger and better one. “Only when you try and succeed do you realize what you can truly do,” Zhang says.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1. What is the name of Zhang’s submarine which made him attract much attention recently?
2. When did Zhang come up with the idea of building a submarine?
3. What’s special about the boat Zhang made in 2016?
4. Why did Zhang pour concrete into the bottom of his newest submarine?
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What can we learn from Zhang’s story?
Zhang Shengwu, a 60-year-old farmer, comes from Anhui. Recently, he has attracted much attention by successfully building a submarine(潜艇) by himself. The submarine, named “Big Black Fish”, can dive(潜水) to 8 metres underwater with two people inside.
Zhang has loved inventing things since he was a child. More than 20 years ago, he ran a business selling sand in his hometown, watching ships come and go every day. In 2014, he saw a person build a submarine on TV and decided to build one on his own.
Drawing on his practical experience with boats, Zhang spent six months building his first submarine. It was 6 metres long, 1.2 metres high and weighed 2 tons. He even got a national patent(专利) for it. Later, in 2016, he invented a special boat. It created almost no waves when moving and Zhang got another patent for it.
Now, Zhang’s newest submarine is bigger, which has a length of 7 metres, a height of 1.8 metres, and weighs 5 tons. To make it stable(稳固的), Zhang poured 2 tons of concrete(混凝土) into the bottom of the submarine.
Watching his submarines grow larger and his skills improve, Zhang dreams of building an even larger and better one. “Only when you try and succeed do you realize what you can truly do,” Zhang says.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1. What is the name of Zhang’s submarine which made him attract much attention recently?
Big Black Fish.
2. When did Zhang come up with the idea of building a submarine?
After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014.
3. What’s special about the boat Zhang made in 2016?
The boat created almost no waves when moving.
4. Why did Zhang pour concrete into the bottom of his newest submarine?
To make it stable.
5. 新考法 开放性设问 What can we learn from Zhang’s story?
We need to put ideas into practice.（言之有理即可）
答案
1. Big Black Fish. 2. After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014. 3. The boat created almost no waves when moving. 4. To make it stable. 5. We need to put ideas into practice.（言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
解答本题需先通读问题，标记各题关键词，再带着关键词回原文定位对应段落，查找细节信息；第5题开放性设问需结合全文主旨（张胜武坚持实践、实现梦想的经历）作答，言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 关键词为“name of Zhang’s submarine”，定位原文第一段“The submarine, named “Big Black Fish”, can dive to 8 metres underwater with two people inside.”，可知答案为Big Black Fish。
2. 关键词为“when...idea of building a submarine”，定位原文第二段“In 2014, he saw a person build a submarine on TV and decided to build one on his own.”，可知答案为After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014。
3. 关键词为“boat in 2016”，定位原文第三段“Later, in 2016, he invented a special boat. It created almost no waves when moving...”，可知答案为The boat created almost no waves when moving。
4. 关键词为“pour concrete into the bottom”，定位原文第四段“To make it stable, Zhang poured 2 tons of concrete into the bottom of the submarine.”，可知答案为To make it stable。
5. 开放性设问，结合张胜武从有想法到坚持实践、最终成功的经历，可得出We need to put ideas into practice（言之有理即可）。
【答案】
1. Big Black Fish.
2. After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014.
3. The boat created almost no waves when moving.
4. To make it stable.
5. We need to put ideas into practice.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、开放性表达
【点评】
本题为人物故事类阅读理解，重点考查学生快速定位原文细节信息的能力，最后一题开放性设问引导学生结合文本主旨表达观点，符合初中英语阅读的考查方向，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
解答本题需先通读问题，标记各题关键词，再带着关键词回原文定位对应段落，查找细节信息；第5题开放性设问需结合全文主旨（张胜武坚持实践、实现梦想的经历）作答，言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 关键词为“name of Zhang’s submarine”，定位原文第一段“The submarine, named “Big Black Fish”, can dive to 8 metres underwater with two people inside.”，可知答案为Big Black Fish。
2. 关键词为“when...idea of building a submarine”，定位原文第二段“In 2014, he saw a person build a submarine on TV and decided to build one on his own.”，可知答案为After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014。
3. 关键词为“boat in 2016”，定位原文第三段“Later, in 2016, he invented a special boat. It created almost no waves when moving...”，可知答案为The boat created almost no waves when moving。
4. 关键词为“pour concrete into the bottom”，定位原文第四段“To make it stable, Zhang poured 2 tons of concrete into the bottom of the submarine.”，可知答案为To make it stable。
5. 开放性设问，结合张胜武从有想法到坚持实践、最终成功的经历，可得出We need to put ideas into practice（言之有理即可）。
【答案】
1. Big Black Fish.
2. After he saw a person build a submarine on TV in 2014.
3. The boat created almost no waves when moving.
4. To make it stable.
5. We need to put ideas into practice.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、开放性表达
【点评】
本题为人物故事类阅读理解，重点考查学生快速定位原文细节信息的能力，最后一题开放性设问引导学生结合文本主旨表达观点，符合初中英语阅读的考查方向，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、DIY活动可以助力学生们的身心健康发展，但是很多人在DIY过程中总会犯一些错误，这些错误甚至带来了一些不必要的伤害。以下是王老师总结的人们在DIY过程中经常出现的一些问题，一起学习一下吧！
（2026·南通市张謇一中期中）Do-it-yourself projects let you design your house, providing a way to save money, but even with step-by-step instructions, DIY doesn't always go as planned. Nearly 80% of homeowners make a mistake while doing DIY. Here are four of the biggest mistakes that homeowners often make.
Taking on too much
More than 40% of people find DIY projects more difficult and expensive than they thought. By taking on a task that needs more time or skills than they have, they may end up with a big mess and an unfinished project. "It's important to think about why you want to try DIY and what you're hoping to get out of it," said Bailey Carson, a home care expert. "If you're doing it just to save money, you might need to think twice. Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely, mistakes may cost you more in the long run than simply paying others to help from the beginning."
A third of people used the wrong tools for a DIY project, which can make the job more difficult and less safe. Many tools are designed for special uses and materials, so if you use them for other tasks, you may get hurt. Always use the proper tools for each project, and make sure you know how to use them.
Not safety first
DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous. Of the survey people who once made a big mistake during their DIY projects, 47% said that the mistake led to serious problems, while 44% started a fire or fell off a roof or ladder. Take your time and follow all safety rules when using tools. Wear dust masks, safety glasses, hearing protection or gloves to protect yourself.
Skipping important steps
Skipping a key step can end your whole DIY project—and you might not realize it until much later. In the survey, 47% of people said that they had finished a DIY project before realizing it was done wrong. Read all instructions carefully ahead of time, and make sure you have the necessary skills to complete each step before you begin.
（
A. want to save money B. want to save time
C. are skillful enough D. are careful enough
（
A. Using the wrong tools B. Using the special tools
C. Using the expensive tools D. Using the proper tools
（
A. Taking on too much is the biggest mistake while doing DIY.
B. DIY mistakes can be both expensive and dangerous.
C. We can skip some difficult steps to make DIY easier.
D. Following the instructions, people make no mistakes in DIY.
（
A. tell us DIY is very dangerous B. show DIY can help us save money
C. tell us the importance of DIY D. help us keep away from DIY mistakes
（2026·南通市张謇一中期中）Do-it-yourself projects let you design your house, providing a way to save money, but even with step-by-step instructions, DIY doesn't always go as planned. Nearly 80% of homeowners make a mistake while doing DIY. Here are four of the biggest mistakes that homeowners often make.
Taking on too much
More than 40% of people find DIY projects more difficult and expensive than they thought. By taking on a task that needs more time or skills than they have, they may end up with a big mess and an unfinished project. "It's important to think about why you want to try DIY and what you're hoping to get out of it," said Bailey Carson, a home care expert. "If you're doing it just to save money, you might need to think twice. Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely, mistakes may cost you more in the long run than simply paying others to help from the beginning."
A third of people used the wrong tools for a DIY project, which can make the job more difficult and less safe. Many tools are designed for special uses and materials, so if you use them for other tasks, you may get hurt. Always use the proper tools for each project, and make sure you know how to use them.
Not safety first
DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous. Of the survey people who once made a big mistake during their DIY projects, 47% said that the mistake led to serious problems, while 44% started a fire or fell off a roof or ladder. Take your time and follow all safety rules when using tools. Wear dust masks, safety glasses, hearing protection or gloves to protect yourself.
Skipping important steps
Skipping a key step can end your whole DIY project—and you might not realize it until much later. In the survey, 47% of people said that they had finished a DIY project before realizing it was done wrong. Read all instructions carefully ahead of time, and make sure you have the necessary skills to complete each step before you begin.
（
C
）1. According to Paragraph 2, people who are suitable for DIY.A. want to save money B. want to save time
C. are skillful enough D. are careful enough
（
A
）2. Which of the following should be put in the blank?A. Using the wrong tools B. Using the special tools
C. Using the expensive tools D. Using the proper tools
（
B
）3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Taking on too much is the biggest mistake while doing DIY.
B. DIY mistakes can be both expensive and dangerous.
C. We can skip some difficult steps to make DIY easier.
D. Following the instructions, people make no mistakes in DIY.
（
D
）4. 新考法 写作意图 The writing purpose of this article is to .A. tell us DIY is very dangerous B. show DIY can help us save money
C. tell us the importance of DIY D. help us keep away from DIY mistakes
答案
1. C 2. A
3. B 【解析】根据第四段第一句“DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous.”可知，在进行DIY时人们所犯的错误可能会带来巨大的损失，并且还可能十分危险。B项表述与之相符。
4. D 【解析】通读全文可知，本文列举了DIY过程中人们普遍会犯的四大错误，其目的是帮助我们了解并学会避免这些错误。D项表述正确。
3. B 【解析】根据第四段第一句“DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous.”可知，在进行DIY时人们所犯的错误可能会带来巨大的损失，并且还可能十分危险。B项表述与之相符。
4. D 【解析】通读全文可知，本文列举了DIY过程中人们普遍会犯的四大错误，其目的是帮助我们了解并学会避免这些错误。D项表述正确。
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕DIY过程中的四大常见错误展开，针对每道题的考点定位原文对应内容：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，定位第二段（Taking on too much段落），提取适合DIY的人的条件；
2. 第2题是段落主旨题，需结合空白后段落的核心内容（用错工具的危害）选择小标题；
3. 第3题是细节判断题，定位各选项对应原文句子，逐一验证；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文结构，明确作者写作意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，根据“Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely”可知，DIY需要足够的时间、工具和技能，因此技能熟练的人适合DIY，故选C。
2. 第2题：空白后段落核心内容是“a third of people used the wrong tools for a DIY project”，即很多人用错工具，对应小标题应为“Using the wrong tools”，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第四段第一句“DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous.”可知，DIY错误既昂贵又危险，B项表述正确；A项文中未提及“Taking on too much”是最大错误；C项与“Skipping important steps”的警示相悖；D项与“even with step-by-step instructions, DIY doesn't always go as planned”不符，故选B。
4. 第4题：全文列举DIY的四大常见错误，目的是帮助读者了解这些错误并避免它们，A项仅强调危险，B项仅提省钱，C项偏离主旨，故选D。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、主旨大意）
【点评】
本文是一篇关于DIY常见错误的说明文，题目涵盖细节理解、段落主旨、细节判断和主旨大意，考查学生快速定位原文信息、把握文章核心的能力，需仔细梳理原文逻辑，避免被干扰选项误导。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕DIY过程中的四大常见错误展开，针对每道题的考点定位原文对应内容：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，定位第二段（Taking on too much段落），提取适合DIY的人的条件；
2. 第2题是段落主旨题，需结合空白后段落的核心内容（用错工具的危害）选择小标题；
3. 第3题是细节判断题，定位各选项对应原文句子，逐一验证；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文结构，明确作者写作意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第二段，根据“Without the time, tools, and talent to do it correctly and safely”可知，DIY需要足够的时间、工具和技能，因此技能熟练的人适合DIY，故选C。
2. 第2题：空白后段落核心内容是“a third of people used the wrong tools for a DIY project”，即很多人用错工具，对应小标题应为“Using the wrong tools”，故选A。
3. 第3题：根据第四段第一句“DIY mistakes can not only be costly but also dangerous.”可知，DIY错误既昂贵又危险，B项表述正确；A项文中未提及“Taking on too much”是最大错误；C项与“Skipping important steps”的警示相悖；D项与“even with step-by-step instructions, DIY doesn't always go as planned”不符，故选B。
4. 第4题：全文列举DIY的四大常见错误，目的是帮助读者了解这些错误并避免它们，A项仅强调危险，B项仅提省钱，C项偏离主旨，故选D。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、主旨大意）
【点评】
本文是一篇关于DIY常见错误的说明文，题目涵盖细节理解、段落主旨、细节判断和主旨大意，考查学生快速定位原文信息、把握文章核心的能力，需仔细梳理原文逻辑，避免被干扰选项误导。
【难度系数】
0.6
