三、重点语法。
实义动词的一般现在时
实义动词是表示动作和状态的词。在一般现在时中,除第三人称单数外,谓语动词用原形。主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要相应变化,具体变化形式如下表。含有实义动词的一般现在时的疑问句、否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does。do not 缩写为 don't, does not 缩写为 doesn't。

注:动词第三人称单数的变化形式还有一些例外情况,如 have—has, go—goes, do—does。
名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,其构成情况如下表所示。

语法附加小练习。(翻译下列句子)
1. 我没有弟弟或妹妹。
2. Sam 喜欢打篮球吗?
3. Linda 经常在周末弹钢琴。
4. 这些是我祖父的钓竿。
5. Kate 和她爸爸每周都打乒乓球。
实义动词的一般现在时
实义动词是表示动作和状态的词。在一般现在时中,除第三人称单数外,谓语动词用原形。主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要相应变化,具体变化形式如下表。含有实义动词的一般现在时的疑问句、否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does。do not 缩写为 don't, does not 缩写为 doesn't。
注:动词第三人称单数的变化形式还有一些例外情况,如 have—has, go—goes, do—does。
名词所有格
名词所有格表示所属关系,其构成情况如下表所示。
语法附加小练习。(翻译下列句子)
1. 我没有弟弟或妹妹。
I have no brothers or sisters.
2. Sam 喜欢打篮球吗?
Does Sam like playing basketball?
3. Linda 经常在周末弹钢琴。
Linda often plays the piano on the weekend.
4. 这些是我祖父的钓竿。
These are my grandfather's fishing rods.
5. Kate 和她爸爸每周都打乒乓球。
Kate and her father play ping-pong every week.
答案
1. I have no brothers or sisters.
2. Does Sam like playing basketball?
3. Linda often plays the piano on the weekend.
4. These are my grandfather's fishing rods.
5. Kate and her father play ping-pong every week.
2. Does Sam like playing basketball?
3. Linda often plays the piano on the weekend.
4. These are my grandfather's fishing rods.
5. Kate and her father play ping-pong every week.
解析
【分析】本题考查实义动词一般现在时和名词所有格的用法,需根据每个句子的主语人称、时态标志,结合语法规则完成翻译:1. 主语为第一人称I,否定句用have no,否定句中并列成分用or;2. 主语Sam是第三人称单数,一般现在时疑问句用Does开头,动词用原形,like后接动名词;3. 主语Linda是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式,时间状语often、on the weekend对应翻译;4. 表示所属关系用名词所有格,祖父的对应grandfather's;5. 主语是复数,谓语动词用原形,时间状语every week对应翻译。
【解析】1. 主语“我”译为I,“没有弟弟或妹妹”用have no brothers or sisters(否定句用or连接并列名词),故译为I have no brothers or sisters;2. 主语Sam是第三人称单数,一般现在时疑问句借助助动词Does,动词“喜欢”用原形like,“打篮球”译为playing basketball,故译为Does Sam like playing basketball?;3. 主语Linda是第三人称单数,谓语动词“弹”用三单形式plays,“经常”是often,“在周末”是on the weekend,“弹钢琴”译为play the piano,故译为Linda often plays the piano on the weekend;4. “这些是”译为These are,“祖父的”用名词所有格grandfather's,“钓竿”是fishing rods,故译为These are my grandfather's fishing rods;5. 主语Kate和她爸爸是复数,谓语动词“打”用原形play,“每周”是every week,“乒乓球”是ping-pong,故译为Kate and her father play ping-pong every week。
【答案】I have no brothers or sisters.
Does Sam like playing basketball?
Linda often plays the piano on the weekend.
These are my grandfather's fishing rods.
Kate and her father play ping-pong every week.
【知识点】实义动词一般现在时、名词所有格、一般现在时疑问句
【点评】本题聚焦基础语法的应用,通过翻译练习巩固实义动词一般现在时的三单变化、疑问句构成,以及名词所有格的基本用法,是语法知识的实际运用,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 主语“我”译为I,“没有弟弟或妹妹”用have no brothers or sisters(否定句用or连接并列名词),故译为I have no brothers or sisters;2. 主语Sam是第三人称单数,一般现在时疑问句借助助动词Does,动词“喜欢”用原形like,“打篮球”译为playing basketball,故译为Does Sam like playing basketball?;3. 主语Linda是第三人称单数,谓语动词“弹”用三单形式plays,“经常”是often,“在周末”是on the weekend,“弹钢琴”译为play the piano,故译为Linda often plays the piano on the weekend;4. “这些是”译为These are,“祖父的”用名词所有格grandfather's,“钓竿”是fishing rods,故译为These are my grandfather's fishing rods;5. 主语Kate和她爸爸是复数,谓语动词“打”用原形play,“每周”是every week,“乒乓球”是ping-pong,故译为Kate and her father play ping-pong every week。
【答案】I have no brothers or sisters.
Does Sam like playing basketball?
Linda often plays the piano on the weekend.
These are my grandfather's fishing rods.
Kate and her father play ping-pong every week.
【知识点】实义动词一般现在时、名词所有格、一般现在时疑问句
【点评】本题聚焦基础语法的应用,通过翻译练习巩固实义动词一般现在时的三单变化、疑问句构成,以及名词所有格的基本用法,是语法知识的实际运用,难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
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