一、单句语法填空
1. People from different (country) should learn to understand and respect each other.
2. Many scientists will attend international meeting next week.
3. If you keep working hard, you will become a (success) person in the future.
4. He wasted no time introducing himself.
5. This area is famous its fresh air and beautiful natural views.
6. Honesty and courage are important (quality) for a good leader.
7. He refused (give) in even when he faced great pressure.
8. This activity aims helping students develop good learning habits.
9. We are all proud of the great (achieve) our country has made.
10. Through this story, we can understand the (mean) of true friendship.

1. countries 2. an 3. successful 4. in
5. for 6. qualities 7. to give 8. at
9. achievements 10. meaning

【分析】
本题为单句语法填空，需结合空格前后的语境、词性要求及固定搭配解题：1. 空格前有different，修饰可数名词，需用country的复数形式；2. 空格后是单数可数名词meeting，表泛指且international以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词；3. 空格后是名词person，需用success的形容词修饰；4. 考查固定搭配；5. 考查固定短语；6. 空格前主语是两个抽象名词，需用quality的复数形式；7. 考查固定搭配；8. 考查固定短语；9. 空格前是形容词great，需用achieve的名词形式；10. 空格前有定冠词the，需用mean的名词形式。
【解析】
1. different后接可数名词复数，故将country变为countries；
2. 泛指一次国际会议，且international以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an；
3. 修饰名词person需用形容词，success的形容词为successful；
4. 固定搭配waste time in doing sth，故填in；
5. 固定搭配be famous for，意为“因……而闻名”，故填for；
6. 主语是两个品质，quality为可数名词，需变复数qualities；
7. 固定搭配refuse to do sth，意为“拒绝做某事”，故填to give；
8. 固定搭配aim at，意为“旨在”，故填at；
9. 形容词great后接名词，achieve的名词形式为achievement，此处表泛指成就，用复数achievements；
10. 定冠词the后接名词，mean的名词形式为meaning，意为“意义”。
【答案】
1. countries 2. an 3. successful 4. in 5. for 6. qualities 7. to give 8. at 9. achievements 10. meaning
【知识点】
名词的单复数、冠词的用法、固定搭配与词性转换
【点评】
本题为基础语法题，考察初中核心语法点，涵盖名词变形、冠词使用、常用固定搭配及词性转换，均为学生需熟练掌握的基础内容，适合巩固语法基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、阅读下面短文,根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
Life is not always easy. Some people seem 1. (不幸), but they never lose heart. A real winner is someone who keeps trying even when facing 2. (困难). In history, many great people failed many times before they became 3. (成功). If they had given up, history might repeat itself with more regrets. 4. (相似), in modern times, we need to learn new technological knowledge to make 5. (进步). No one is perfect, and everyone meets problems on the way. We should 6. (参加) all kinds of activities to improve ourselves. When we work hard and never give up, we can become winners in life.

1. unlucky 2. difficulties 3. successful
4. Similarly 5. progress 6. attend

【分析】本题要求根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式，需结合词性、语境及固定搭配判断。首先分析每个空的语法结构：系动词后接形容词，名词需考虑单复数，修饰句子用副词，情态动词后接动词原形，还有固定短语搭配，据此逐一确定单词形式。
【解析】1. 空前为系动词seem，需用形容词作表语，汉语“不幸”对应形容词unlucky；2. 此处指多种困难，用可数名词复数difficulties；3. become为系动词，后接形容词作表语，“成功”对应successful；4. 需修饰整个句子，用副词，“相似”对应Similarly；5. 固定搭配make progress（取得进步），progress为不可数名词；6. 情态动词should后接动词原形，“参加”对应attend。
【答案】1. unlucky 2. difficulties 3. successful 4. Similarly 5. progress 6. attend
【知识点】英语词汇运用、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的灵活运用，结合语法规则和固定搭配即可完成，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中,每词仅用一次
figure, successful, universe, skilled, perfect, co-worker, calculation, technological, thanks to
Dr Sarah Chen was the chief scientist at the city's space observatory. Her 1. team worked with the largest telescope to study the space. Every night, the operation of the huge telescope was 2. and smooth.
To get accurate data, Sarah spent hours doing complex 3. . She knew that a single small mistake could ruin months of work. Her 4. ,
Dr James, admired her patience and accuracy. " Sarah is an important 5. in modern astronomy," he often said. Recently, they faced a big 6. problem. The telescope needed an upgrade, but it required a risky operation to install new parts. Sarah carefully planned every step.
7. her leadership and the team's effort, the upgrade was a great 8. . They could now see deeper into space than ever before. Sarah believed that with advanced technology, they would discover more secrets of the 9. . Their dream of exploring was finally coming true.

1. skilled 2. perfect 3. calculations
4. co-worker 5. figure 6. technological
7. Thanks to 8. success 9. universe

【分析】本题为英语选词填空题，需结合每个空格的语境、语法成分及词汇的词义、固定搭配选择合适的词，每词仅用一次。先明确各空的语法需求：1. 修饰名词team需形容词；2. 与smooth并列需形容词；3. 需名词构成固定搭配；4. 指人，表身份；5. 需名词作表语；6. 修饰名词problem需形容词；7. 句首表原因需固定短语；8. 需名词作宾语；9. 需名词表“宇宙”。再匹配方框内的词语完成填空。
【解析】1. 空格修饰team，形容词skilled（熟练的）符合“熟练的团队”的语义；2. 与smooth并列，形容词perfect（完美的）符合“望远镜操作完美且顺畅”的语境；3. 固定搭配do calculations（做计算），此处用复数形式；4. Dr James是Sarah的同事，co-worker符合身份描述；5. important后接名词figure（人物），指Sarah是现代天文学的重要人物；6. 修饰problem，形容词technological（技术的）符合“技术问题”的语义；7. 句首表“多亏”，用固定短语Thanks to；8. great后接名词success（成功），指望远镜升级取得成功；9. 探索的对象是宇宙，名词universe符合语境。
【答案】1. skilled 2. perfect 3. calculations 4. co-worker 5. figure 6. technological 7. Thanks to 8. success 9. universe
【知识点】英语选词填空，词汇运用，固定搭配
【点评】本题考查英语词汇的语境运用，需结合词性、词义及固定搭配解题，难度适中，是常见的英语基础练习题型。
【难度系数】0.6