三、阅读教材 P36 ~ P37 的课文,完成短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。
be a lend condition artificial he fix heavy quickly for block with
Easton stood beside his work at a science fair. It _________1_________ a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic _________2_________ and fishing line. At the fair, Easton met Jenny with an _________3_________ arm for the first time. Her artificial arm was just _________4_________ simple hook, but it cost a lot of money. What’s worse, children like her grow _________5_________ and need new arms all the time. Easton decided to _________6_________ a hand to people like Jenny.
After the fair, Easton’s room became a lab and he always tried to improve _________7_________ work. Luckily, for his 16th birthday, he got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm, weighing 3.6 kilograms. It was too _________8_________ for a child.
Easton kept working on the artificial arm. He enjoyed _________9_________ problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. This time his design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around 500! It was a great chance to make money, but Easton decided to post his design online _________10_________ free! How helpful he is!
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。
be a lend condition artificial he fix heavy quickly for block with
Easton stood beside his work at a science fair. It _________1_________ a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic _________2_________ and fishing line. At the fair, Easton met Jenny with an _________3_________ arm for the first time. Her artificial arm was just _________4_________ simple hook, but it cost a lot of money. What’s worse, children like her grow _________5_________ and need new arms all the time. Easton decided to _________6_________ a hand to people like Jenny.
After the fair, Easton’s room became a lab and he always tried to improve _________7_________ work. Luckily, for his 16th birthday, he got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm, weighing 3.6 kilograms. It was too _________8_________ for a child.
Easton kept working on the artificial arm. He enjoyed _________9_________ problems one after another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. This time his design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around 500! It was a great chance to make money, but Easton decided to post his design online _________10_________ free! How helpful he is!
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案
1. was
2. blocks
3. artificial
4. a
5. quickly
6. lend
7. his
8. heavy
9. fixing
10. for
2. blocks
3. artificial
4. a
5. quickly
6. lend
7. his
8. heavy
9. fixing
10. for
解析
【分析】
本题为短文填空,需先通读全文理解主旨大意,再结合每个空格的语境、语法要求,从方框内的词中选择合适的词,并根据句子时态、词性、固定搭配等规则调整词形,确保每空一词、每词仅用一次。
【解析】
1. 句子描述过去的情况,主语为it,需用be动词的过去式,故填was。
2. 塑料块是可数名词,此处表泛指,需用复数形式,故填blocks。
3. 结合后文“Her artificial arm”可知,此处需填形容词artificial修饰arm,故填artificial。
4. 此处表示“一个简单的钩子”,simple以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a,故填a。
5. 此处修饰动词grow,需用副词,方框内quickly符合语境,故填quickly。
6. 固定搭配lend a hand意为“帮助”,decide to后接动词原形,故填lend。
7. 此处修饰名词work,需用形容词性物主代词,故填his。
8. 结合前文“weighing 3.6 kilograms”可知,此处表示“太重”,需用形容词heavy,故填heavy。
9. 固定搭配enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,此处表示“解决问题”,故填fixing。
10. 固定搭配for free意为“免费”,故填for。
【答案】
1. was 2. blocks 3. artificial 4. a 5. quickly 6. lend 7. his 8. heavy 9. fixing 10. for
【知识点】
动词时态、形容词副词用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用,需结合上下文语义和语法规则,注意词形变化与固定搭配,难度适中,适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为短文填空,需先通读全文理解主旨大意,再结合每个空格的语境、语法要求,从方框内的词中选择合适的词,并根据句子时态、词性、固定搭配等规则调整词形,确保每空一词、每词仅用一次。
【解析】
1. 句子描述过去的情况,主语为it,需用be动词的过去式,故填was。
2. 塑料块是可数名词,此处表泛指,需用复数形式,故填blocks。
3. 结合后文“Her artificial arm”可知,此处需填形容词artificial修饰arm,故填artificial。
4. 此处表示“一个简单的钩子”,simple以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a,故填a。
5. 此处修饰动词grow,需用副词,方框内quickly符合语境,故填quickly。
6. 固定搭配lend a hand意为“帮助”,decide to后接动词原形,故填lend。
7. 此处修饰名词work,需用形容词性物主代词,故填his。
8. 结合前文“weighing 3.6 kilograms”可知,此处表示“太重”,需用形容词heavy,故填heavy。
9. 固定搭配enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,此处表示“解决问题”,故填fixing。
10. 固定搭配for free意为“免费”,故填for。
【答案】
1. was 2. blocks 3. artificial 4. a 5. quickly 6. lend 7. his 8. heavy 9. fixing 10. for
【知识点】
动词时态、形容词副词用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用,需结合上下文语义和语法规则,注意词形变化与固定搭配,难度适中,适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
一 lend, borrow 与 keep 的区别
I must lend a hand to people like her. 我必须帮助像她这样的人。(教材 P37)
| 比较项 | 含义及用法 | 举例 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| lend | 意为“借给,借出”,非延续性动词,强调主语把自己的东西借出去。lend sb sth = lend sth to sb,意为“把某物借给某人” | I lent Mary my book last week. = I lent my book to Mary last week. 上周我把我的书借给了玛丽。 |
| borrow | 意为“借,借用”,非延续性动词,强调主语从别人那里借入某物。borrow sth from sb 意为“向某人借某物”
| Mary borrowed the book from me last week. 上周玛丽从我这里借了这本书。 |
| keep | 意为“保持,保存;借”,延续性动词,表示借了某物多长时间,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用 | Mary may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书玛丽可以借两个星期。 |
专练 用 lend, borrow 或 keep 的适当形式填空
1. —Can I
—Sure. But you can't
2. Don't forget to return the book to the library. You have
I must lend a hand to people like her. 我必须帮助像她这样的人。(教材 P37)
| 比较项 | 含义及用法 | 举例 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| lend | 意为“借给,借出”,非延续性动词,强调主语把自己的东西借出去。lend sb sth = lend sth to sb,意为“把某物借给某人” | I lent Mary my book last week. = I lent my book to Mary last week. 上周我把我的书借给了玛丽。 |
| borrow | 意为“借,借用”,非延续性动词,强调主语从别人那里借入某物。borrow sth from sb 意为“向某人借某物”
| keep | 意为“保持,保存;借”,延续性动词,表示借了某物多长时间,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用 | Mary may keep the book for two weeks. 这本书玛丽可以借两个星期。 |
专练 用 lend, borrow 或 keep 的适当形式填空
1. —Can I
borrow
your car?—Sure. But you can't
lend
it to others.2. Don't forget to return the book to the library. You have
kept
it for three weeks.答案
1. borrow
2. lend
3. kept
2. lend
3. kept
解析
【分析】首先明确lend、borrow、keep三个易混动词的核心区别:lend意为“借出”,强调主语把自己的东西借给他人,是非延续性动词;borrow意为“借入”,强调主语从别人那里借东西,是非延续性动词;keep意为“借(一段时间)”,是延续性动词,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。解题时需结合语境判断动作方向(借入/借出),以及时间状语是否为时间段,从而选择合适的词。
【解析】1. 第一空:问句“我能______你的车吗?”是主语“我”向对方借入车,对应表示“借入”的borrow,情态动词can后接动词原形;第二空答句“不能把它______别人”是主语“你”把车借给他人,对应表示“借出”的lend,情态动词can后接动词原形。2. 第二题中时间状语“for three weeks”是表示一段时间的短语,需用延续性动词keep,且句子为现在完成时(结构:have+过去分词),故用keep的过去分词kept。
【答案】1. borrow;2. lend;3. kept
【知识点】易混动词用法、延续性与非延续性动词
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心易混动词的辨析,重点区分lend、borrow的动作方向及keep的延续性用法,结合语境和时间标志即可判断,属于基础考点。
【难度系数】0.5
【解析】1. 第一空:问句“我能______你的车吗?”是主语“我”向对方借入车,对应表示“借入”的borrow,情态动词can后接动词原形;第二空答句“不能把它______别人”是主语“你”把车借给他人,对应表示“借出”的lend,情态动词can后接动词原形。2. 第二题中时间状语“for three weeks”是表示一段时间的短语,需用延续性动词keep,且句子为现在完成时(结构:have+过去分词),故用keep的过去分词kept。
【答案】1. borrow;2. lend;3. kept
【知识点】易混动词用法、延续性与非延续性动词
【点评】本题考查初中英语核心易混动词的辨析,重点区分lend、borrow的动作方向及keep的延续性用法,结合语境和时间标志即可判断,属于基础考点。
【难度系数】0.5
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