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三、阅读理解
Gravity is what keeps you on the ground. It pulls you back to the ground when you jump in the air. Without gravity, you would fly into outer space. Gravity pulls everything towards the centre of Earth with a certain amount of force. This amount of force is called weight. You can find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale.
All planets and moons have a force of gravity. Some planets and moons have more gravity than Earth and some have less. The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter.
The moon is smaller than Earth. This means that it has less gravity than Earth. Things will weigh less on the moon than on Earth. If you weighed 60 pounds on Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the moon! Since there is less gravity on the moon, people can jump higher there. If you threw a ball on the moon, it would fly very far.
Some planets like Saturn are much bigger than Earth. Objects weigh more on these bigger planets. There is more force that pulls things down. On Jupiter, you would weigh about twice as much as you weigh on Earth. Your arms would weigh twice as much, too! How would it feel to throw a baseball? Some things might be easier to do on Jupiter. Imagine how fast you could skate down a hill. There would be more gravity pulling you down!
(
A. A way that helps you to lose weight and stay fit.
B. A tool that tells you the right size of something.
C. A machine that tells you how tall an object is.
D. An instrument that shows how heavy a thing is.
(
A. About 20 pounds.
B. About 60 pounds.
C. About 180 pounds.
D. About 720 pounds.
(
A. The moon.
B. Earth.
C. Jupiter.
D. Saturn.
(
A. By asking a question.
B. By using numbers.
C. By listing some reasons.
D. By comparing facts.
Gravity is what keeps you on the ground. It pulls you back to the ground when you jump in the air. Without gravity, you would fly into outer space. Gravity pulls everything towards the centre of Earth with a certain amount of force. This amount of force is called weight. You can find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale.
All planets and moons have a force of gravity. Some planets and moons have more gravity than Earth and some have less. The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter.
The moon is smaller than Earth. This means that it has less gravity than Earth. Things will weigh less on the moon than on Earth. If you weighed 60 pounds on Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the moon! Since there is less gravity on the moon, people can jump higher there. If you threw a ball on the moon, it would fly very far.
Some planets like Saturn are much bigger than Earth. Objects weigh more on these bigger planets. There is more force that pulls things down. On Jupiter, you would weigh about twice as much as you weigh on Earth. Your arms would weigh twice as much, too! How would it feel to throw a baseball? Some things might be easier to do on Jupiter. Imagine how fast you could skate down a hill. There would be more gravity pulling you down!
(
D
)1. Which of the following can best describe the underlined word "scale" in Paragraph 1?A. A way that helps you to lose weight and stay fit.
B. A tool that tells you the right size of something.
C. A machine that tells you how tall an object is.
D. An instrument that shows how heavy a thing is.
(
A
)2. How much would a man weigh on the Moon if he weighed 120 pounds on Earth?A. About 20 pounds.
B. About 60 pounds.
C. About 180 pounds.
D. About 720 pounds.
(
C
)3. Which of the following has the most gravity?A. The moon.
B. Earth.
C. Jupiter.
D. Saturn.
(
D
)4. How does the writer organize this passage?A. By asking a question.
B. By using numbers.
C. By listing some reasons.
D. By comparing facts.
答案
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题需结合上下文推断词义：第一段提到“find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale”，weight意为“重量”，由此可推断scale是测量重量的工具；
2. 第2题是细节计算题：原文明确月球重力约为地球的1/6，据此计算对应重量；
3. 第3题是细节查找题：直接定位原文关于各天体重力的描述即可；
4. 第4题需分析文章结构：通读全文，对比不同天体的重力及物体重量差异，判断写作手法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale”，weight指重量，可知scale是测量重量的仪器，对应选项D；
2. 第2题：原文第三段提到“you weighed 60 pounds on Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the moon”，即月球重量=地球重量×1/6，120×1/6=20，对应选项A；
3. 第3题：第二段明确说明“The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter”，对应选项C；
4. 第4题：文章对比了月球、地球、木星、土星的重力及物体重量的不同，采用对比事实的方式组织内容，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（文章结构）
【点评】
本题为科普类阅读理解，涵盖词义猜测、细节计算、细节查找及文章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题需结合上下文推断词义：第一段提到“find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale”，weight意为“重量”，由此可推断scale是测量重量的工具；
2. 第2题是细节计算题：原文明确月球重力约为地球的1/6，据此计算对应重量；
3. 第3题是细节查找题：直接定位原文关于各天体重力的描述即可；
4. 第4题需分析文章结构：通读全文，对比不同天体的重力及物体重量差异，判断写作手法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“find the weight of an object by putting it on the scale”，weight指重量，可知scale是测量重量的仪器，对应选项D；
2. 第2题：原文第三段提到“you weighed 60 pounds on Earth, you would weigh about 10 pounds on the moon”，即月球重量=地球重量×1/6，120×1/6=20，对应选项A；
3. 第3题：第二段明确说明“The planet in the solar system with the strongest force of gravity is Jupiter”，对应选项C；
4. 第4题：文章对比了月球、地球、木星、土星的重力及物体重量的不同，采用对比事实的方式组织内容，对应选项D。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（文章结构）
【点评】
本题为科普类阅读理解，涵盖词义猜测、细节计算、细节查找及文章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
