() 1. Trees absorb ______ from the air. Planting more trees reduces ______ in the atmosphere.

A.oxygen; them
B.carbon dioxide; it
C.pollution; that
D.smoke; this

B

根据题意和常识可知，树吸收的是二氧化碳（carbon dioxide），减少的也应是大气中的二氧化碳，用 it 代替前面提到的不可数名词或单数概念。氧气（oxygen）是树释放的而非吸收，pollution（污染）和 smoke（烟）不符合树吸收的常识，this 和 that 不符合指代要求。所以选 B。


翻译:
（ ）1. 树木从空气中吸收______。种植更多的树木会减少大气中的______。
A. 氧气；它们
B. 二氧化碳；它
C. 污染；那个
D. 烟；这个

() 2. Spiders ______ insects in their webs. ______ they play an important role in controlling pests naturally.
A.trap; Though
B.hunt; However
C.collect; Because
D.catch; So

D

第一空，蜘蛛用网“捕捉”昆虫，“catch”符合语境；第二空，前句说蜘蛛捕捉昆虫，后句说它们在自然控制害虫方面起重要作用，存在因果关系，“So”表结果。A项“Though”表转折，B项“However”表转折，C项“Because”表原因，均不符合逻辑。


翻译:
（ ）2. 蜘蛛用它们的网______昆虫。______它们在自然控制害虫方面发挥着重要作用。
A. 诱捕；尽管
B. 捕猎；然而
C. 收集；因为
D. 捕捉；所以

() 3. Oil spills ______ marine life. Last year, ______ seabirds died because of ocean pollution.
A.harm; quite a few
B.hurt; few
C.damages; some
D.kill; a little

A

本题考查动词和量词的用法。oil spills（石油泄漏）对marine life（海洋生物）的危害通常用“harm”表示，且主语为复数，动词用原形；“seabirds”为可数名词复数，“quite a few”表示“相当多的”，符合题意。“few”表示否定，“a little”修饰不可数名词，“damages”一般用于单数或不可数名词作主语，故B、C、D均不符合。


翻译:
（ ）3. 石油泄漏______海洋生物。去年，______海鸟因海洋污染死亡。
A. 伤害；相当多的
B. 使受伤；很少的
C. 损坏；一些
D. 杀死；一点儿

() 4. Please don't throw ______ into the water. Also, keep ______ levels down to avoid disturbing nesting birds.
A.dirty; loud
B.sand; noise
C.waste; sound
D.sandy; noisy

C

第一空需名词作throw宾语，"waste"（垃圾）符合"throw into water"语境；第二空"sound levels"（声音水平）为固定搭配，符合"keep...down"结构。A项"dirty"（形容词）、"loud"（形容词）词性不符；B项"noise levels"虽常见，但"sand"（沙子）与"throw into water"关联性弱于"waste"；D项"sandy"（形容词）、"noisy"（形容词）词性错误。


翻译:
（ ）4. 请不要把______扔进水里。另外，把______音量降低，以免惊扰正在筑巢的鸟类。
A. 脏的；大声的
B. 沙子；噪音
C. 废弃物；声音
D. 含沙的；嘈杂的

() 5. Air pollution is ______ the ozone layer. This ______ more ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth.
A.breaking; results
B.hurting; makes
C.destroying; lead
D.damaging; causes

D

本题考查动词词义辨析及主谓一致。题干意思是：“空气污染正在____臭氧层。这____更多紫外线到达地球。”第一空，break表示“打破”，一般不与ozone layer搭配；hurt表示“伤害”，通常指情感或身体伤害；destroy表示“破坏，摧毁”，常指彻底破坏；damage表示“损害，破坏”，可指对物品、环境等的损害，此处空气污染对臭氧层的破坏用damage更合适。第二空，根据句意可知，此处表达“导致，造成”，且主语This是单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，result in表示“导致”，result没有介词时意思不符；make“使，让”，不符合语境；lead要表达“导致”需和to搭配；cause表示“导致，引起”，causes是第三人称单数形式，符合题意。


翻译:
（ ）5. 空气污染正在______臭氧层。这会______更多的紫外线辐射到达地球。
A. 打破；导致
B. 伤害；使
C. 破坏；导致
D. 损害；造成

三、阅读理解
A
When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. And now it's the Arctic's turn.
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimetres. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastics per litre of snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It's clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What's more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we're eating the plastic as well.
() 1. We can learn from paragraph 1 that ______.
A. the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth
B. the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow
C. the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D. the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish
() 2. The underlined phrase “contribute to” in paragraph 4 means “______”.
A. lead to
B. donate
C. affect
D. increase
() 3. Where do most of the microplastics in the snow come from?
A. From water.
B. From air.
C. From wind.
D. From food.
() 4. Which of the following ISN'T true?
A. We may breathe microplastics in the Arctic.
B. Microplastics may cause lung cancer.
C. We don't have to mind microplastics right now.
D. Microplastics have hurt ecosystems.
() 5. How does the writer end this passage?
A. By advising us to drink clean water.
B. By asking people not to eat sea animals.
C. By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution.
D. By showing the beauty of the Arctic.

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. C

翻译:
三、阅读理解
A
当你想到北极时，你会想象到一片冰雪覆盖、白雪皑皑的土地。也有人把它想象成地球上最后一个真正干净的地方。我们已经用塑料垃圾污染了最深的海洋。现在轮到北极了。
德国科学家最近在北极的雪中发现了微塑料。微塑料是指小于5毫米的塑料碎片。遗憾的是，科学家们发现每升雪中含有1800块微塑料。
塑料污染是如何到达北极的呢？据科学家称，“很明显，雪中的大部分微塑料来自空气。”它们从塑料制品上脱落，像灰尘一样被风吹动。它们与空气中的冰混合，然后以雪的形式落到地面。在北极的雪中发现这些塑料意味着我们可能会吸入它们。
它们对我们有害吗？科学家目前还无法回答这个问题。我们确实知道我们的身体无法吸收“大”块的微塑料。然而，如果塑料足够小，它们就会找到进入我们身体的途径，并在那里停留很长时间，这可能对我们的健康有害。此外，早期的研究表明，微塑料可能会增加患肺癌的风险。
在世界各地的河流和海洋中也发现了微塑料。早期的研究发现，它们会长途流动并进入我们的海洋，沿途破坏生态系统。它们从我们的污水开始，然后流入河流，再流入大海，在那里被海洋动物吃掉。如果人们随后吃了这些动物，那就意味着我们也在吃塑料。
（ ）1. 我们从第一段可以了解到______。
A. 北极是地球上最后一个真正干净的地方
B. 北极是一片冰雪覆盖、白雪皑皑的土地
C. 北极是一个空气清新的美丽冰原
D. 北极已经被塑料垃圾污染了
（ ）2. 第四段中划线的短语“contribute to”意思是“______”。
A. 导致
B. 捐赠
C. 影响
D. 增加
（ ）3. 雪中的大部分微塑料来自哪里？
A. 来自水。
B. 来自空气。
C. 来自风。
D. 来自食物。
（ ）4. 以下哪项是不正确的？
A. 我们可能会在北极吸入微塑料。
B. 微塑料可能会导致肺癌。
C. 我们现在不必在意微塑料。
D. 微塑料已经破坏了生态系统。
（ ）5. 作者是如何结束这篇文章的？
A. 通过建议我们喝干净的水。
B. 通过要求人们不要吃海洋动物。
C. 通过讲述塑料污染的严重性。
D. 通过展示北极的美丽。