【例4】根据汉语提示完成句子
在扔掉垃圾之前，我们应该把它们分成不同的类别。
We should the waste different groups before we throw it away.
【答案】divide；into

1. divide；into

【分析】首先明确“把……分成……”对应的英语固定表达，再结合句中情态动词的用法确定单词形式，从而完成填空。
【解析】汉语提示“把……分成……”对应的固定动词短语是divide...into...；句中should是情态动词，其后需接动词原形，因此第一个空填divide，第二个空填介词into，符合句子语义和语法要求。
【答案】divide；into
【知识点】固定搭配、动词短语
【点评】本题考查基础的英语固定动词短语，属于常规基础题型，只要掌握常见短语搭配即可轻松解答。
【难度系数】0.8

一、根据句意及提示填写单词
1. The forest is home to many w animals.
2. Many stores in the m are having a big sale this weekend.
3. The number of basketball players in our school has i this year.
4. This kind-hearted man has donated b many times since 2017.
5. When the English class begins, we take out our n ______ and get ready to write down important notes.

1. wild 2. mall 3. increased 4. blood 5. notebooks

【分析】
先通读每个句子理解语境，结合给出的首字母提示，回忆符合句意的单词，同时注意单词的形式（如时态、单复数），确保填入的单词符合语法和语境要求。
【解析】
1. 句意：森林是许多野生动物的家园。首字母为w，固定搭配wild animals表示“野生动物”，故填wild。
2. 句意：这个周末商场里的很多商店在大促销。首字母为m，mall表示“商场”，符合语境，故填mall。
3. 句意：我们学校篮球队的数量今年增加了。首字母为i，此处是现在完成时，has后需接动词过去分词，increase的过去分词为increased，故填increased。
4. 句意：这个善良的人自从2017年以来已经献血很多次了。首字母为b，donate blood表示“献血”，故填blood。
5. 句意：英语课开始时，我们拿出笔记本准备记下重要笔记。首字母为n，主语是we，需用名词复数，notebook的复数为notebooks，故填notebooks。
【答案】
1. wild 2. mall 3. increased 4. blood 5. notebooks
【知识点】
词汇运用、名词辨析、动词时态
【点评】
本题为基础词汇填空题，考查核心词汇的掌握及语境运用能力，是英语学习中的基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用方框中所给短语的适当形式完成句子
$\boxed{instead\ of,\ divide\ ...\ into\ ...,\ recognize\ ...\ by\ ...,\ have\ confidence\ in,\ get\ lost}$
1. With the help of his friend, now he learning English well.
2. My mother my mood the way I spoke on the phone.
3. memorizing every word in the passage, try to understand the main idea of it.
4. Ask the police for help to avoid in a new city.
5. We should our study time different parts for different subjects.

1. has confidence in 2. recognized; by 3. Instead of 4. getting lost 5. divide; into

【分析】首先明确方框内各短语的含义与用法：instead of（代替，后接动名词）、divide...into...（把……分成……）、recognize...by...（通过……识别……）、have confidence in（对……有信心）、get lost（迷路）。解题时需先通读句子，结合语境确定所需短语，再根据句子的时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词等语法规则，对短语进行适当形式的变形。
【解析】1. 句子主语为he，时间状语为now，表达“对学好英语有信心”，对应短语have confidence in，主语是第三人称单数，故用has confidence in；2. 句子描述过去发生的动作，对应短语recognize...by...，用过去式recognized，故填recognized; by；3. 句首表示“代替记住每个单词”，对应短语instead of，句首首字母大写，故填Instead of；4. avoid后接动名词作宾语，对应短语get lost，变形为getting lost，故填getting lost；5. 情态动词should后接动词原形，对应短语divide...into...，故填divide; into。
【答案】1. has confidence in 2. recognized; by 3. Instead of 4. getting lost 5. divide; into
【知识点】动词短语用法、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查常用动词短语的词义与形式运用，需掌握短语的固定搭配及语法变形规则，属于基础英语题，难度适中，多数学生可完成。
【难度系数】0.4

三、阅读理解
How is your memory? Remembering things is an important job of our brain. If we can't recall how to do something, we may not survive. Memory allows the brain to store and retrieve information when required. Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time, while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited(无限制的) amount of information for a long time. Our memory is amazing, but why do we still forget things?
It's possible that we don't always store information in our memory effectively, maybe
because we were in a rush or we considered it irrelevant(不相关的) at the time. When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later. If you don't have these connections, then it can be easier to forget. Writing for the magazine BBC Science Focus, Luis Villazon says, "It is also possible that memories decay(衰退) over time. As they have not been revisited, their biological 'trace' becomes weak." It's true that if you don't perform a task for a long period of time, it can be difficult to recall how to do it.
But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. Have you ever gone into a room to get something only to forget what you wanted when you got there? This is called the "doorway effect". Writing for the website BBC Future, Tom Stafford explains that this occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments, moving to a different room and thinking about different things.
So, if you always forget things, it could be because you have too much on your mind. But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it.
()1. What is the function of the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?
A. Explaining a question.
B. Expressing strong feelings.
C. Introducing what follows.
D. Giving the main idea of the first paragraph.
()2. What can we know from the second paragraph?
A. It is hard to remember different things at a time.
B. Making connections helps you remember things better.
C. Things will not be forgotten if you consider them important.
D. The biological "trace" becomes weak as one grows older.
()3. How does the writer explain what the "doorway effect" is?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By doing research.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving an example.
()4. Which of the following can be called the "doorway effect"?
A. You forget what you have learnt in your middle school.
B. You forget how to drive a car if you haven't driven for years.
C. You forget some of your classmates' names after graduation.
D. You forget what to buy when you get to the supermarket.
()5. How can you remember English words better according to the passage?
A. Write words again and again on paper.
B. Memorize words by repeating them 100 times.
C. Connect words with other things and often use them.
D. Memorize all the words in a day and not use them again.

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C

【分析】做英语阅读理解题时，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题定位原文对应内容，结合选项逐一排除错误答案。第1题需分析划线句在段落中的作用，判断其是否引出下文关于遗忘原因的内容；第2题要定位第二段细节，对比选项与原文表述的一致性；第3题需判断作者解释“doorway effect”的说明方法，结合原文举例内容分析；第4题需理解“doorway effect”的定义，匹配符合的选项；第5题需定位原文中提升记忆的方法，对应选项选出正确答案。
【解析】1. 划线句位于第一段末尾，前文介绍了记忆的类型，后文开始阐述遗忘的原因，该句起到引出下文的作用，对应选项C。
2. 第二段明确提到“When we do store information, we often make connections with other things, which helps us recall it later.”，说明建立联系有助于记忆，选项B符合；A选项原文未提及“同时记不同事物难”，C选项原文未说明“重要就不会忘”，D选项原文指出记忆衰退是因未复习而非变老，故排除A、C、D，选B。
3. 第三段作者通过“进房间拿东西却忘记目标”的例子解释“doorway effect”，采用的是举例说明法，对应选项D。
4. “doorway effect”指进入新环境后忘记原本要做的事，选项D“到超市忘了要买什么”符合该定义；A为长期记忆遗忘、B为技能遗忘、C为熟人记忆遗忘，均不符合，选D。
5. 原文提到提升记忆的方法是“make connections with other things”和“continually using it”，选项C“把单词和其他事物联系并常用”符合；A、B、D均未对应原文方法，选C。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解，细节理解，句子作用分析
【点评】本文是关于记忆的科普类阅读，考查学生对文章细节、语句功能、说明方法的理解，要求学生精准定位原文信息，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7