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训练5 | 体裁：说明文 主题：人与动物 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
More and more people now are fond of birds. They would like to go outdoors to see which winged animals they could watch or photograph. Scientists at Guangxi University in China found a great growth in the number of people, especially photographers, visiting Nonggang Nature Reserve. “These photographers were setting up their cameras close to the bird nests(鸟巢),” scientist Xiaocai Tan said. “This gave them the chance to take great and even prize-winning photos.” However, scientists were worried closeness to humans would make birds nervous and less likely to care for their babies.
Tan and her team spent a year doing fieldwork, checking 277 bird nests that included 42 kinds. They were studying the effect(影响) that photographers had on birds' habits, especially how often parents fed their babies and the effect it had on predators(捕食者). Scientists found the nests that were photographed had a predation rate of 13.3% while nests not photographed had a much higher rate of 62.9%. “The presence of the photographers grew the living rate of the baby birds,” Tan said. The presence of photographers seemed to scare the predators away. It's great fun that their presence had little effect on the feeding rates in those nests. Parents fed their babies the same whether they were photographed.
However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb(干扰) nests. The National Audubon Society says, “Honoring birds' space must come before getting that perfect photo.” Audubon advises using little flash light. “If your appearance causes a bird to fly or run away or change its movement, you're too close.”
Tan adds, “Although this finding shows that photography has a positive(积极的) effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests—it needs more studies on other areas of nesting before the effect of bird photography can be fully understood.”
1. How may the scientists feel about the findings?
A. Upset. B. Peaceful.
C. Surprised. D. Worried.
2. The underlined word “warrant” in Paragraph 3 probably means “
A. reason B. habit
C. example D. goal
3. Which of the following would Tan agree with?
A. Photographers shouldn't take photos of bird nests.
B. More bird photography activities should be planned.
C. There should be studies on what causes stress on birds.
D. Photographers can't visit bird nests as often as they like.
4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Way of Bird Photography
B. The Effect of Bird Photography
C. The Space Between Photographers and Nests
D. The Difference Between Photographers and Predators
More and more people now are fond of birds. They would like to go outdoors to see which winged animals they could watch or photograph. Scientists at Guangxi University in China found a great growth in the number of people, especially photographers, visiting Nonggang Nature Reserve. “These photographers were setting up their cameras close to the bird nests(鸟巢),” scientist Xiaocai Tan said. “This gave them the chance to take great and even prize-winning photos.” However, scientists were worried closeness to humans would make birds nervous and less likely to care for their babies.
Tan and her team spent a year doing fieldwork, checking 277 bird nests that included 42 kinds. They were studying the effect(影响) that photographers had on birds' habits, especially how often parents fed their babies and the effect it had on predators(捕食者). Scientists found the nests that were photographed had a predation rate of 13.3% while nests not photographed had a much higher rate of 62.9%. “The presence of the photographers grew the living rate of the baby birds,” Tan said. The presence of photographers seemed to scare the predators away. It's great fun that their presence had little effect on the feeding rates in those nests. Parents fed their babies the same whether they were photographed.
However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb(干扰) nests. The National Audubon Society says, “Honoring birds' space must come before getting that perfect photo.” Audubon advises using little flash light. “If your appearance causes a bird to fly or run away or change its movement, you're too close.”
Tan adds, “Although this finding shows that photography has a positive(积极的) effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests—it needs more studies on other areas of nesting before the effect of bird photography can be fully understood.”
1. How may the scientists feel about the findings?
A. Upset. B. Peaceful.
C. Surprised. D. Worried.
2. The underlined word “warrant” in Paragraph 3 probably means “
A
”.A. reason B. habit
C. example D. goal
3. Which of the following would Tan agree with?
A. Photographers shouldn't take photos of bird nests.
B. More bird photography activities should be planned.
C. There should be studies on what causes stress on birds.
D. Photographers can't visit bird nests as often as they like.
4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Way of Bird Photography
B. The Effect of Bird Photography
C. The Space Between Photographers and Nests
D. The Difference Between Photographers and Predators
答案
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, scientists were worried closeness to humans would make birds nervous and less likely to care for their babies.”和第二段“The presence of the photographers grew the living rate of the baby birds ... It's great fun that their presence had little effect on the feeding rates in those nests.”可知，实地调查前，科学家担心人类近距离接触鸟类会让鸟类感到紧张，但他们发现摄影师的存在提高了幼鸟的存活率，且对进食率没有影响。由此可推知，科学家对这一发现感到惊讶。故选 C。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，摄影师的存在提高了幼鸟的存活率，再根据语境“However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb nests.”可推知，摄影师不应该将科学家的发现视为干扰鸟巢的理由，“warrant”意为“正当理由”。故选 A。
3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although this finding shows that photography has a positive effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”可知，她认同摄影师不能随心所欲地参观鸟巢。故选 D。
4. B 标题归纳题。结合文章内容，尤其是最后一段“Although this finding shows that photography has a positive effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”可知，本文主要介绍了户外摄影对鸟类的影响。故选 B。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，摄影师的存在提高了幼鸟的存活率，再根据语境“However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb nests.”可推知，摄影师不应该将科学家的发现视为干扰鸟巢的理由，“warrant”意为“正当理由”。故选 A。
3. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although this finding shows that photography has a positive effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”可知，她认同摄影师不能随心所欲地参观鸟巢。故选 D。
4. B 标题归纳题。结合文章内容，尤其是最后一段“Although this finding shows that photography has a positive effect on birds, it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”可知，本文主要介绍了户外摄影对鸟类的影响。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
本文是主题为“人与动物”的说明文，围绕鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响展开。解题时需结合原文细节，通过推理判断、词义猜测、标题归纳等方法逐一解答：
1. 第1题：先定位科学家最初的担忧，再对比实地调查的实际发现，通过前后态度的反差推断科学家的感受；
2. 第2题：根据第三段的转折语境，结合“摄影师不应将发现视为干扰鸟巢的______”，联系选项词义猜测划线词含义；
3. 第3题：定位Tan的观点，提取关键信息匹配对应选项；
4. 第4题：梳理全文核心内容，围绕“鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响”确定最贴切标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“However, scientists were worried closeness to humans would make birds nervous...”可知科学家最初担忧人类靠近鸟类；第二段实地调查发现“摄影师的存在提高了幼鸟存活率，对亲鸟喂食率无影响”，与最初担忧形成反差，可推知科学家对发现感到惊讶，故选C。
2. 第2题：第三段转折句“However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb nests”，结合语境“摄影师不能把发现当作干扰鸟巢的理由”，可知warrant意为“理由”，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据最后一段Tan的观点“it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”，可知她认为摄影师不能随意参观鸟巢，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕“鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响”展开，最后一段也点明核心，故标题为“The Effect of Bird Photography”，选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解（推理判断）、词义猜测、标题归纳
【点评】
本文是人与动物主题的说明文，考查学生对文本细节的理解、推理判断、词义猜测及标题归纳能力，需结合上下文逻辑和作者观点解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
本文是主题为“人与动物”的说明文，围绕鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响展开。解题时需结合原文细节，通过推理判断、词义猜测、标题归纳等方法逐一解答：
1. 第1题：先定位科学家最初的担忧，再对比实地调查的实际发现，通过前后态度的反差推断科学家的感受；
2. 第2题：根据第三段的转折语境，结合“摄影师不应将发现视为干扰鸟巢的______”，联系选项词义猜测划线词含义；
3. 第3题：定位Tan的观点，提取关键信息匹配对应选项；
4. 第4题：梳理全文核心内容，围绕“鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响”确定最贴切标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第一段“However, scientists were worried closeness to humans would make birds nervous...”可知科学家最初担忧人类靠近鸟类；第二段实地调查发现“摄影师的存在提高了幼鸟存活率，对亲鸟喂食率无影响”，与最初担忧形成反差，可推知科学家对发现感到惊讶，故选C。
2. 第2题：第三段转折句“However, photographers shouldn't take the finding as a warrant to disturb nests”，结合语境“摄影师不能把发现当作干扰鸟巢的理由”，可知warrant意为“理由”，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据最后一段Tan的观点“it doesn't mean that photographers can visit nests”，可知她认为摄影师不能随意参观鸟巢，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕“鸟类摄影对鸟类的影响”展开，最后一段也点明核心，故标题为“The Effect of Bird Photography”，选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
阅读理解（推理判断）、词义猜测、标题归纳
【点评】
本文是人与动物主题的说明文，考查学生对文本细节的理解、推理判断、词义猜测及标题归纳能力，需结合上下文逻辑和作者观点解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4
