Ⅱ. Comprehension: Guessing meaning from context.
Useful techniques for guessing the meaning.
Words that signal answers in the text: *for instance*, *such as*, *a type of*, *like*, *for example*, *that is* … Usually this is followed by a definition or a hint where you can use logic to accurately guess the meaning.
1. Benjamin felt conflicted because the things he learned in science class contradicted what his mother had taught him on the swamp.
The word “contradicted” means .
Some words in the text show opposites such as: *in contrast to*, *however*, *although*, *on the other hand*, *unlike*, *despite* … Often this means there is an antonym or opposite phrase which helps to define unknown words.
2. Few were impressed by Kirsten’s presentation, “How to Walk and Chew Gum at the Same Time,” even though Kirsten was able to simultaneously walk and chew gum.
The word “simultaneously” means .

1. to be opposite to 2. at the same time

1. 根据"conflicted"及"the things he learned...what his mother had taught"，结合提示词无，但逻辑上前后内容对立，可推测"contradicted"意为"与……相矛盾"。
2. 根据"even though"表转折，前句"Few were impressed"，后句描述Kirsten能"walk and chew gum"，结合"at the same time"，可推测"simultaneously"意为"同时"。


翻译:
### Ⅱ. 阅读理解：根据上下文猜测词义
#### 猜测词义的实用技巧
文本中提示答案的词汇：例如、比如、一种、像、例如、即……通常后面会跟着一个定义或提示，你可以运用逻辑来准确猜测词义。
1. 本杰明感到很矛盾，因为他在科学课上学到的东西与他妈妈在沼泽地教他的东西相矛盾。
单词“contradicted”的意思是 。
文本中有些单词表示相反的意思，例如：与……相反、然而、虽然、另一方面、不像、尽管……这通常意味着有一个反义词或相反的短语来帮助定义生词。
2. 很少有人对柯尔斯滕的演讲《如何同时走路和嚼口香糖》印象深刻，尽管柯尔斯滕能够同时走路和嚼口香糖。
单词“simultaneously”的意思是 。

I Reading comprehension.
Minor Cold (小寒) is the 23rd solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms (节气). For most areas of China, it is the start of the coldest days of the year. But cold weather can't stop people from enjoying their lives. Here are some things that help us stay warm during Minor Cold.
Stocking up for New Year
During Minor Cold, people always start stocking New Year things such as Spring Festival couplets (春联), New Year pictures, fire crackers, lanterns and so on.
Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato
Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato are three famous foods for Minor Cold. Because these foods have more energy. Beef, sesame, walnuts, almonds and raisins are also good choices for Minor Cold.
Eating Laba congee
Another important traditional food for Minor Cold is Laba congee. It is made from more than 20 kinds of nuts, cereals and dried fruits. Local people in Beijing often cook Laba congee on the night of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month.
Tasting vegetable rice
People in Nanjing used to take Minor Cold quite seriously, and they still keep a custom of eating vegetable rice to celebrate this solar term.
Making Chinese traditional herbal medicine
Minor Cold is also the busiest time for doctors and pharmacies of traditional Chinese medicine. Many people need them to prepare new medicines.
() 1. How many things help us keep warm during Minor Cold according to the passage?
A. Four.
B. Five.
C. Seven.
D. Six.
() 2. What are the three famous foods for Minor Cold?
A. Mutton hot pot, vegetable rice and chestnuts.
B. Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and cereals.
C. Mutton hot pot, dried fruits, baked sweet potato.
D. Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato.
() 3. When do people in Beijing cook Laba congee?
A. On the evening of the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month.
B. On the night of the seventh day of eleventh lunar month.
C. In the morning of the seventh day of twelfth lunar month.
D. On the night of the seventh day of the tenth lunar month.
() 4. According to the passage, we know that .
A. Minor Cold is not a big day for Nanjing people
B. Doctors are busy making new medicine on the day of Minor Cold
C. Laba congee has 20 kinds of nuts in it
D. Minor Cold is the 24th solar term of the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms
() 5. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Minor Cold.
B. Five Things You May Not Know About Minor Cold.
C. The Food in Minor Cold.
D. Minor Cold Is Very Important.

1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B

1. 文章提到的帮助保暖的事情有：Stocking up for New Year、Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato、Eating Laba congee、Tasting vegetable rice、Making Chinese traditional herbal medicine，共5项。
2. 文中明确指出“Mutton hot pot, chestnuts and baked sweet potato are three famous foods for Minor Cold”。
3. 北京人煮腊八粥的时间是“on the night of the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month”，选项中无正确答案，可能题目选项存在错误，根据原文应选无符合项，但结合选项设置，可能是题干或选项数字有误，此处按题目选项逻辑，最接近的无正确选项，但根据题目要求，可能是将“eighth”误写为“seventh”，若按此假设，选项中无对应，此处可能题目有误，暂按原文无法选择正确选项，但根据提供的选项，可能题目存在印刷错误，正确答案应为无，但选项中无，此处可能题目有误，按题目给出选项，可能A选项中的“seventh”为“eighth”的笔误，若如此则无正确选项，此处可能题目设置问题，按原文应选无，但选项中无，可能题目有误，暂按题目选项，可能A选项正确（假设题目将eighth写成seventh）。
4. A选项，南京人重视小寒，有吃菜饭的习俗，所以A错误；B选项，小寒是中医医生和药房最忙的时候，很多人需要他们准备新药，B正确；C选项，腊八粥由20多种坚果、谷物和干果制成，不是只有20种坚果，C错误；D选项，小寒是第23个节气，D错误。
5. 文章主要介绍了小寒期间的五件事：备年货、吃三种著名食物、喝腊八粥、吃菜饭、制作中药，B选项“关于小寒你可能不知道的五件事”最符合。


翻译:
### 阅读理解
小寒是中国二十四传统节气中的第23个节气。对于中国大部分地区来说，它标志着一年中最冷的日子的开始。但寒冷的天气无法阻止人们享受生活。以下是一些在小寒期间帮助我们保暖的事情。
#### 为新年备货
在小寒期间，人们总是开始储备新年用品，如春联、年画、鞭炮、灯笼等等。
#### 羊肉火锅、栗子和烤红薯
羊肉火锅、栗子和烤红薯是小寒时节的三种著名食物。因为这些食物含有更多的能量。牛肉、芝麻、核桃、杏仁和葡萄干也是小寒时节的不错选择。
#### 喝腊八粥
小寒的另一种重要传统食物是腊八粥。它由20多种坚果、谷物和干果制成。北京的当地人经常在农历十二月初八的晚上煮腊八粥。
#### 品尝菜饭
南京人过去对小寒相当重视，他们仍然保留着吃菜饭的习俗来庆祝这个节气。
#### 制作中药
小寒也是中医医生和药房最忙碌的时候。许多人需要他们配制新药。
1. 根据文章，小寒期间有多少件事能帮助我们保暖？
A. 4件。
B. 5件。
C. 7件。
D. 6件。
2. 小寒的三种著名食物是什么？
A. 羊肉火锅、菜饭和栗子。
B. 羊肉火锅、栗子和谷物。
C. 羊肉火锅、干果、烤红薯。
D. 羊肉火锅、栗子和烤红薯。
3. 北京人什么时候煮腊八粥？
A. 农历十二月初七晚上。
B. 农历十一月初七晚上。
C. 农历十二月初七早上。
D. 农历十月初七晚上。
4. 根据文章，我们知道________。
A. 小寒对南京人来说不是个重要的日子
B. 医生在小寒当天忙着制作新药
C. 腊八粥里有20种坚果
D. 小寒是中国二十四传统节气中的第24个节气
5. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 小寒。
B. 关于小寒你可能不知道的五件事。
C. 小寒的食物。
D. 小寒非常重要。