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Ⅳ. (2026·如皋实验中学期末)阅读表达
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.
Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That's like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia(索马里) or the Netherlands (荷兰). Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia(斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about 16% of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.
Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger.
So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called "managed retreat" that scientists say this is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again.
Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference.
1. Where do floods mainly come from?
2. Why are floods becoming more common?
3. How do "sponge cities" help reduce flood risks?
Floods happen when too much water covers the land. They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea. Floods can be very dangerous. Every year, thousands of people lose their lives because of floods.
Floods also cause many other serious problems. In 2024, more than 19 million people had to leave their homes because of floods. That's like moving everyone in a whole country, such as Somalia(索马里) or the Netherlands (荷兰). Floods can also damage roads, bridges and schools. In 2023, floods in Slovenia(斯洛文尼亚) caused damage equal to about 16% of the country's economy. In the United States, floods cost billions of dollars every year. After a flood, food can become hard to find, and dirty water can spread disease.
Floods are becoming more common, and one major reason is the rising temperature of the earth. Warmer air can hold more water, leading to heavier rain and stronger storms. Also, dry ground cannot absorb water well, so water runs quickly into low-lying areas and causes floods. Another important reason is rising sea levels, which make coastal floods worse. Large waves push more water onto the land. Scientists say that by the year 2100, major floods that once happened only once every 100 years may occur every year. Many cities could then face serious danger.
So, what can we do to deal with floods? There are some clear ways. First, we can depend on warning systems. These systems can tell people when floods are coming, so everyone has enough time to get to safe places before the disaster hits. Second, we can build sea walls to stop floodwater from spreading onto the land. Third, cities can be turned into "sponge cities" by building special streets and green spaces—these features help soak up rainwater, slow it down and reduce the risk of flooding. Finally, in some specific areas, we can carry out a plan called "managed retreat" that scientists say this is the safest way. This means moving people away from these areas that flood again and again.
Floods are a big challenge. But if we work together and plan well, we can stay safe and protect our homes. By understanding the causes and taking action, we can make a real difference.
1. Where do floods mainly come from?
They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. Why are floods becoming more common?
Because the earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
3. How do "sponge cities" help reduce flood risks?
By building special streets and green spaces. / By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
答案
Ⅳ. ［文章大意］本文介绍了洪水的来源、危害、成因，并提出了应对洪水的多种措施，强调通过合作与规划可以保障安全、减少灾害影响。
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. Because the earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
3. By building special streets and green spaces. / By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. Because the earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
3. By building special streets and green spaces. / By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的细节型阅读表达题，解题时不需要复杂推理，核心思路是带着每道题的题干关键词，回到原文对应段落精准定位，直接提取匹配的原文信息整理成通顺的回答即可：第1题的关键词是"come from"，直接定位开篇介绍洪水来源的段落找答案；第2题关键词是"becoming more common"，定位介绍洪水频发原因的第三段，梳理全部相关原因整合即可；第3题关键词是"sponge cities"，定位介绍应对洪水措施的第四段，提取海绵城市发挥作用的相关描述作答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea"，直接提取洪水的来源信息作答。
2. 定位原文第三段内容，依次梳理出三个洪水变频发的核心原因：地球气温升高、干燥地面吸水能力差、海平面上升，将相关信息整合为通顺的回答。
3. 定位原文第四段中关于"sponge cities"的描述，既可以提取海绵城市的建设方式作答，也可以提取它发挥作用的原理作答，两种表述均符合要求。
【答案】
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. Because the earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
3. By building special streets and green spaces. / By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，语篇信息提取
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读表达题，所有答案的线索都在原文中直接呈现，不需要额外的归纳推理，重点考察学生快速抓取题干关键词、回原文定位匹配信息的能力，只要学生认真对照文本查找，基本都能得到正确结果。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇说明文类的细节型阅读表达题，解题时不需要复杂推理，核心思路是带着每道题的题干关键词，回到原文对应段落精准定位，直接提取匹配的原文信息整理成通顺的回答即可：第1题的关键词是"come from"，直接定位开篇介绍洪水来源的段落找答案；第2题关键词是"becoming more common"，定位介绍洪水频发原因的第三段，梳理全部相关原因整合即可；第3题关键词是"sponge cities"，定位介绍应对洪水措施的第四段，提取海绵城市发挥作用的相关描述作答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"They can come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea"，直接提取洪水的来源信息作答。
2. 定位原文第三段内容，依次梳理出三个洪水变频发的核心原因：地球气温升高、干燥地面吸水能力差、海平面上升，将相关信息整合为通顺的回答。
3. 定位原文第四段中关于"sponge cities"的描述，既可以提取海绵城市的建设方式作答，也可以提取它发挥作用的原理作答，两种表述均符合要求。
【答案】
1. They mainly come from heavy rains or big waves from the sea.
2. Because the earth is getting warmer (warmer air holds more water, causing heavier rain), dry ground can't absorb water well, and sea levels are rising.
3. By building special streets and green spaces. / By soaking up rainwater and slowing it down.
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，语篇信息提取
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读表达题，所有答案的线索都在原文中直接呈现，不需要额外的归纳推理，重点考察学生快速抓取题干关键词、回原文定位匹配信息的能力，只要学生认真对照文本查找，基本都能得到正确结果。
【难度系数】
0.8
