一、完形填空
Wangari Maathai was born in a small village with a clean river in Kenya. Green trees covered the land. Families 1 food, such as vegetables, in their gardens. Women and children picked oranges and other fruits from the trees. They used wood to make 2 for cooking. Their life were really simple, but Wangari loved her 3 and beautiful home. When Wangari grew older, she went away to school. She once 4 in the United States and then in Germany.
When Wangari came back to Kenya, the 5 was very different. The family gardens had gone. The trees had gone. The river was dry. Without the trees, the wind 6 blew away the dry soil (土壤). The people 7 a big company. They grew tea trees and collected tea for the company. There wasn't any clean water near by, 8 women and children walked a long way to get clean water and firewood.
Wangari felt very 9. What could she do to help? A(n) 10 came to her. She would plant trees. Kenya could become green and beautiful again if there were trees.
At first, Wangari planted seeds in her garden. She 11 for the seeds with her whole heart and gradually they grew into little trees. Then Wangari gave the little trees to the women and children in her village for free. 12 they planted rows and rows of little trees and watered them every day. As the tress became big and strong, people got fruits from them. Clean water also came back. “We not only plant trees, but also 13 the seeds of peace and hope,” said Wangari.
Under her influence, people all over Africa began to plant trees. They wanted to do the same as Wangari. Millions of trees were planted. People named Wangari “Mama 14 ”. She became very famous. “Little things make a big 15,” said Wangari. “My little thing is planting trees.”
()1. A. grew
B. wasted
C. cooked
D. created
()2. A. leaves
B. works
C. fires
D. vegetables
()3. A. big
B. modern
C. new
D. green
()4. A. taught
B. studied
C. worked
D. travelled
()5. A. school
B. family
C. land
D. river
()6. A. specially
B. softly
C. carefully
D. easily
()7. A. worked for
B. lived in
C. fought against
D. gave up
()8. A. until
B. because
C. but
D. so
()9. A. tired
B. sad
C. nervous
D. funny
()10. A. chance
B. suggestion
C. excuse
D. idea
()11. A. left
B. cared
C. prepared
D. hoped
()12. A. Together
B. Once
C. Maybe
D. Instead
()13. A. realize
B. save
C. buy
D. plant
()14. A. Villages
B. Rivers
C. Trees
D. Gardens
()15. A. choice
B. plan
C. decision
D. difference

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 Wangari Maathai 的生平事迹和环保贡献，重点描述了她如何通过植树行动改变肯尼亚的环境并影响整个非洲。
1. A 根据“such as vegetables, in their gardens. Women and children picked oranges and other fruits from the trees.”可知，人们自给自足，推测他们会在自己家菜园里种菜。故选 A。
2. C 根据“They used wood... for cooking.”可知，他们用木柴生火做饭。故选 C。
3. D 根据前文提到“Green trees covered the land.”以及下文的对比可知，说明家乡以前是绿色的。故选 D。
4. B 根据“When Wangari grew older, she went away to school.”可知，当旺加里长大些后，她离开家去上学了。故选 B。
5. C 后文描述了家乡的树木、河流、菜园等变化，是这片土地的变化。故选 C。
6. D 根据“Without the trees, the wind... blew away the dry soil.”可知，在没有树木且土壤干燥的情况下，风很容易吹走土壤。故选 D。
7. A worked for 为……工作；lived in 居住在；fought against 对抗；gave up 放弃。根据“They grew tea trees and collected tea for the company.”可知，这些人为一家大型公司工作，他们种植茶叶。故选 A。
8. D 根据句意可知，附近并没有干净的水源，因此妇女和儿童不得不长途跋涉去取水和拾柴。此处表示因果关系中的结果。故选 D。
9. B 看到家乡环境变差，她的心情是难过的。故选 B。
10. D 根据“She would plant trees.”可知，她想到了植树的主意。故选 D。
11. B 根据“they grew into little trees”可知，种子长成树木，需要认真照顾。故选 B。
12. A 根据“... they planted rows and rows of little trees”可知，这里指村民们共同种树。故选 A。
13. D 根据“the seeds of peace and hope”可知，旺加里的行为影响了他人，种下了和平和希望的种子。故选 D。
14. C 根据文章内容推测，因为她致力于种树，所以被称为“树木妈妈”。故选 C。
15. D 根据“My little thing is planting trees.”可知种树这件事产生了很大的影响。“make a big difference”是固定短语，意为“产生大影响；有很大作用”。故选 D。

【分析】
做完形填空首先要先通读全文，理清文章整体叙事脉络，本文是讲述环保人物旺加里·马塔伊在家乡推广植树、改善生态环境的故事，先把握“早年家乡环境优美→返乡后发现环境严重恶化→想到植树的解决办法→带动村民共同种树，最终改变家乡环境、影响整个非洲并获得美誉”的主线。之后逐空结合前后文给出的线索、词义辨析、逻辑关系、固定搭配推导答案：描述动作的题目就找前后对应的行为提示，逻辑连词类题目就判断前后句的因果/转折等关联，涉及固定搭配的题目就结合平时积累的短语含义匹配语境，最后代入所有答案回读全文验证通顺度即可。
【解析】
1. 根据后文“such as vegetables, in their gardens”的提示，可知人们在自家菜园里种植蔬菜，A选项grew（种植）符合场景，其余选项浪费、烹饪、创造均不符合种菜的语境，选A。
2. 根据前文“They used wood”和后文“for cooking”的提示，可知人们用木柴生火做饭，C选项fires符合逻辑，其余选项树叶、工作、蔬菜均不符合，选C。
3. 根据前文“Green trees covered the land”的提示，可知早年的家乡绿意盎然，D选项green符合描述，选D。
4. 根据前文“she went away to school”的提示，可知她外出求学，曾经在美国和德国学习，B选项studied符合语境，选B。
5. 后文列举了菜园消失、树木不见、河流干涸的变化，是整片家乡的土地发生了巨大改变，C选项land符合概括，选C。
6. 没有树木根系固定土壤，干燥的土壤很容易被风吹走，D选项easily（容易地）符合常识和语境，选D。
7. 根据后文“They grew tea trees and collected tea for the company”的提示，可知人们为这家大公司工作，A选项worked for（为……工作）符合语义，选A。
8. 前半句“附近没有干净的水”是原因，后半句“妇女和孩子要走很远的路取水拾柴”是结果，表因果关系的结果用so，选D。
9. 看到曾经美丽的家乡环境变得破败，旺加里的心情是难过的，B选项sad符合人物情绪逻辑，选B。
10. 根据后文“She would plant trees”的提示，可知她脑海里冒出了植树的主意，D选项idea符合语义，选D。
11. 根据后文“they grew into little trees”的提示，种子长成小树需要精心照料，care for是固定搭配表示照料、照顾，B选项cared符合语境，选B。
12. 前文提到她把免费树苗分给村里的妇女和孩子，大家共同种出一排排小树，A选项Together符合场景，选A。
13. 此处是比喻义，他们不仅种了实体的树，也种下了和平和希望的种子，D选项plant符合对应搭配，选D。
14. 全文围绕旺加里推广植树的核心事迹展开，因此人们称她为“树妈妈”，C选项Trees符合人物定位，选C。
15. 固定搭配make a big difference表示“产生重大影响、带来很大改变”，对应文中小事带来巨大环境改善的主旨，选D。
【答案】
1-5 ACDBC 6-10 DADBD 11-15 BADCD
【知识点】
1. 语境词义辨析
2. 固定短语搭配
3. 记叙文逻辑梳理
【点评】
本题属于人物传记类记叙文完形填空，整体叙事线索清晰，绝大多数题目都能通过上下文的明确提示推导得出答案，既考查学生对核心词汇词义的掌握，也考查学生对叙事逻辑的判断能力，同时渗透了环保理念与“小事成就大改变”的正向价值观，学生做完后可以积累文中出现的care for、make a big difference等高频固定短语。
【难度系数】
0.7