一、阅读理解。
A
When we talk about flying machines, we often mix up aviation (航空) and spaceflight. Though the two research fields are both about how to travel through air or space, they are quite different.
Aviation means something flying inside the earth’s atmosphere (大气). Planes, helicopters (直升机) and drones (无人机) belong to aviation. They need air to support flights. Wings help them get a lift, and engines (发动机) need oxygen to burn. Most aircraft travel a few kilometers above the ground. They help people travel, carry goods and study the weather of an area.
Spaceflight is about traveling outside the earth’s atmosphere. Rockets, spaceships and satellites work in space where there is no air. They do not need wings to give a lift. Instead, they depend on strong rocket engines to reach high speed and escape the earth’s gravity. Spaceflight helps us explore the Moon, Mars and the universe.
The two fields also work together. They both need careful designs, strong materials and modern technologies. Engineers in both fields study physics and math to make traveling safe. As technology improves, the line between aviation and spaceflight is becoming less clear.
Some new vehicles (交通工具) can fly both in the air and in space. Understanding the differences and connections helps us know more about human’s great dream of flying.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2?
A. To explain what aviation is.
B. To show how to fly a plane.
C. To tell the history of planes.
D. To introduce different drones.
()2. What do planes need most that rockets do not?
A. High speed.
B. Oxygen and air.
C. Strong engines.
D. Modern materials.
()3. Which of the following is about spaceflight?
A. A helicopter carrying doctors.
B. A drone taking photos.
C. A satellite moving around the Earth.
D. A plane flying through clouds.
()4. What do aviation and spaceflight have in common?
A. Both fly without air.
B. Both need wings and a lift.
C. Both use physics and math.
D. Both travel far out of the solar system.
()5. What can we guess from the passage?
A. Aviation will disappear soon.
B. People have fully understood the universe.
C. Spaceflight is more important than aviation.
D. The two fields may influence each other more.

1. A 2. B 3. C
4. C 由第四段 “Engineers in both fields study physics and math to make traveling safe” 可知，航空和航天都需要物理和数学知识。
5. D 由文中提到航空和航天的界限越来越模糊，目前已经有能同时在大气层和太空飞行的飞行器，可推断未来二者会互相影响更深。

【分析】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，需结合原文段落内容，通过定位关键信息解答不同题型：1. 第1题考查段落主旨，需定位第二段首句明确核心内容；2. 第2题考查细节对比，需分别找出航空和航天的需求差异；3. 第3题考查细节识别，需定位太空飞行的例子；4. 第4题考查共同特征，需找到原文提及的两者共同点；5. 第5题考查推理判断，需结合原文最后关于两者界限的描述合理推断。
【解析】
1. 第二段首句“Aviation means something flying inside the earth’s atmosphere...”明确该段是对航空（aviation）的定义解释，故主旨为说明航空是什么，选A。
2. 第二段提到航空需要空气、氧气支持飞行，第三段指出太空无空气，火箭等航天器不需要空气和氧气，因此飞机需要而火箭不需要的是氧气和空气，选B。
3. 第三段说明太空飞行的载体包括火箭、宇宙飞船、卫星，卫星绕地球运行属于太空飞行范畴，选C。
4. 第四段明确“Engineers in both fields study physics and math to make traveling safe”，即航空和航天都需要物理和数学知识，选C。
5. 原文提到“the line between aviation and spaceflight is becoming less clear”以及存在能在大气层和太空飞行的新型交通工具，可推断两者未来会互相影响更深，选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解；细节理解；主旨大意与推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕航空与航天的区别及联系展开科普，题目涵盖主旨大意、细节查找、推理判断三类题型，需学生精准定位原文对应信息，结合文本内容分析作答，整体难度适中，适合中等水平学生完成。
【难度系数】
0.6