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Avalanches are sudden natural disasters with a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain. As they move, the snow and ice fall faster and faster. In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles per hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway.
Most avalanches happen after big storms. In the mountains, there are snow and ice all year round. After big storms, new snow puts more pressure on the snow that is already in the mountains. The pressure can make the old snow move.
Avalanches happen all year around. When it happens, the fast moving snow, ice and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They cover people alive and the snow is so heavy that they can't breathe. Some avalanches cover all the houses and villages along the way. Once an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold.
So, what can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? A safety training can help. Never start climbing when the snow begins melting, especially in spring. Avalanches may happen in this season at any minute. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Bring useful tools, like a flashlight to help others find you. Phones sometimes don't work on mountains. Keeping quiet in the mountains is also important.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. A heavy rainstorm in mountain areas.
B. A sudden disaster with lots of snow and ice sliding down mountains.
C. A kind of fast-moving car on the highway.
D. A large flood in the mountains.
(
A. As fast as a walking person.
B. As fast as a car on the highway.
C. Three times faster than a car on the highway.
D. Half as fast as a car on the highway.
(
A. New snow adding pressure to old snow after big storms.
B. Ski lovers' safety training.
C. People living in safe mountain villages.
D. The temperature in the snow mountain drops.
(
① It can make people feel sleepy.
② It can cover houses and villages.
③ It can make the snow become harder.
④ It can cover people and make them can't breathe.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④
C. ①③④ D. ①②④
(
A. tell people how to keep away from avalanches
B. tell people to pay attention to others' warnings.
C. introduce avalanches and the ways to keep safe
D. advise people not to climb mountains.
Avalanches are sudden natural disasters with a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain. As they move, the snow and ice fall faster and faster. In fact, snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles per hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway.
Most avalanches happen after big storms. In the mountains, there are snow and ice all year round. After big storms, new snow puts more pressure on the snow that is already in the mountains. The pressure can make the old snow move.
Avalanches happen all year around. When it happens, the fast moving snow, ice and rocks can sweep away everything on the way. They cover people alive and the snow is so heavy that they can't breathe. Some avalanches cover all the houses and villages along the way. Once an avalanche stops, the snow becomes too hard to move. That can make people under it die of the cold.
So, what can we do to keep safe if we want to climb snow mountains? A safety training can help. Never start climbing when the snow begins melting, especially in spring. Avalanches may happen in this season at any minute. Wait for at least 2 days to start climbing after a snowstorm. Bring useful tools, like a flashlight to help others find you. Phones sometimes don't work on mountains. Keeping quiet in the mountains is also important.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
B
)6. What is an avalanche according to the text?A. A heavy rainstorm in mountain areas.
B. A sudden disaster with lots of snow and ice sliding down mountains.
C. A kind of fast-moving car on the highway.
D. A large flood in the mountains.
(
C
)7. How fast can the snow from an avalanche move?A. As fast as a walking person.
B. As fast as a car on the highway.
C. Three times faster than a car on the highway.
D. Half as fast as a car on the highway.
(
A
)8. Which of the following can cause avalanches according to the text?A. New snow adding pressure to old snow after big storms.
B. Ski lovers' safety training.
C. People living in safe mountain villages.
D. The temperature in the snow mountain drops.
(
B
)9. What are the possible results of an avalanche according to the text?① It can make people feel sleepy.
② It can cover houses and villages.
③ It can make the snow become harder.
④ It can cover people and make them can't breathe.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④
C. ①③④ D. ①②④
(
C
)10. The writer wrote the text to .A. tell people how to keep away from avalanches
B. tell people to pay attention to others' warnings.
C. introduce avalanches and the ways to keep safe
D. advise people not to climb mountains.
答案
6. B 根据文章开头“Avalanches are
sudden natural disasters with a lot
of snow, ice and rocks moving
quickly down a mountain.”可知，
雪崩是冰雪从山体滑落的突发性
灾害。故选B。
7. C 根据文章第一段最后两句“snow
from an avalanche can move as fast
as two hundred miles per hour. That
is three times faster than a car on a
highway.”可知，雪崩速度是高
速公路上车速的三倍。故选C。
8. A 根据文章第二段“Most
avalanches happen after big storms.
... The pressure can make the old
snow move.”可知，暴风雪后新
雪对旧雪的压力是雪崩原因之
一。故选A。
9. B 根据文章第三段“When it
happens, the fast moving snow, ice
and rocks can sweep away
everything on the way. ... That can
make people under it die of the
cold.”可知，雪崩可能会覆盖村
庄，使积雪变得更硬，覆盖人
类，使人们死于寒冷。故选B。
10. C 根据文意可知，文章旨在介绍雪
崩及其安全防范措施。故选C。
sudden natural disasters with a lot
of snow, ice and rocks moving
quickly down a mountain.”可知，
雪崩是冰雪从山体滑落的突发性
灾害。故选B。
7. C 根据文章第一段最后两句“snow
from an avalanche can move as fast
as two hundred miles per hour. That
is three times faster than a car on a
highway.”可知，雪崩速度是高
速公路上车速的三倍。故选C。
8. A 根据文章第二段“Most
avalanches happen after big storms.
... The pressure can make the old
snow move.”可知，暴风雪后新
雪对旧雪的压力是雪崩原因之
一。故选A。
9. B 根据文章第三段“When it
happens, the fast moving snow, ice
and rocks can sweep away
everything on the way. ... That can
make people under it die of the
cold.”可知，雪崩可能会覆盖村
庄，使积雪变得更硬，覆盖人
类，使人们死于寒冷。故选B。
10. C 根据文意可知，文章旨在介绍雪
崩及其安全防范措施。故选C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先通读所有题干，明确每道题的提问方向，带着问题返回原文对应段落定位关键信息，细节类题目逐一将选项和原文内容比对，排除完全不符合原文的错误选项，主旨类题目梳理全文的内容结构，判断作者的写作目的即可。第6题找雪崩的定义直接定位文章开篇第一句，第7题找雪崩移动速度定位第一段末尾，第8题找雪崩成因定位第二段，第9题找雪崩的后果定位第三段，第10题梳理全文内容判断主旨。
【解析】
6. 细节理解题：原文开篇第一句明确说明“Avalanches are sudden natural disasters with a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain”，和B选项描述完全匹配。A选项是山区暴雨、C选项是高速行驶的汽车、D选项是山洪，均不符合雪崩的定义，排除，选B。
7. 细节理解题：原文第一段最后两句说明“snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles per hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway”，直接对应C选项。A选项步行速度、B选项和高速汽车同速、D选项是高速汽车速度的一半，均不符合原文描述，排除，选C。
8. 细节理解题：原文第二段说明大风暴过后，新降的雪给山体里已有的旧雪施加更大压力，这种压力会让旧雪移动引发雪崩，对应A选项。B选项安全训练是登山的防护措施不是雪崩成因，C选项村民居住和雪崩无关，D选项雪山降温原文完全没有提及，排除，选A。
9. 细节理解题：原文第三段提到雪崩会掩埋沿途的房屋和村庄、雪崩停止后积雪会变得坚硬、会掩埋路人导致人无法呼吸，文中完全没有提到雪崩会让人犯困的相关描述，因此①错误，②③④正确，选B。
10. 主旨大意题：文章前三个段落依次介绍了雪崩的定义、移动速度、发生诱因、带来的危害，最后一个段落介绍了登雪山时防范雪崩的安全方法，因此作者的写作目的是介绍雪崩相关知识以及对应的避险方式。A选项只提到远离雪崩过于片面，B选项文中没有提及他人警告的相关内容，D选项劝人不要爬山完全不符合原文表意，排除，选C。
【答案】
6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意，文本信息匹配
【点评】
本篇是难度适中的科普类说明文阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到对应答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生梳理全文结构判断核心表意，能够有效锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息、不主观臆断的阅读习惯，适合基础阶段的学生训练阅读得分能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题思路非常清晰：首先先通读所有题干，明确每道题的提问方向，带着问题返回原文对应段落定位关键信息，细节类题目逐一将选项和原文内容比对，排除完全不符合原文的错误选项，主旨类题目梳理全文的内容结构，判断作者的写作目的即可。第6题找雪崩的定义直接定位文章开篇第一句，第7题找雪崩移动速度定位第一段末尾，第8题找雪崩成因定位第二段，第9题找雪崩的后果定位第三段，第10题梳理全文内容判断主旨。
【解析】
6. 细节理解题：原文开篇第一句明确说明“Avalanches are sudden natural disasters with a lot of snow, ice and rocks moving quickly down a mountain”，和B选项描述完全匹配。A选项是山区暴雨、C选项是高速行驶的汽车、D选项是山洪，均不符合雪崩的定义，排除，选B。
7. 细节理解题：原文第一段最后两句说明“snow from an avalanche can move as fast as two hundred miles per hour. That is three times faster than a car on a highway”，直接对应C选项。A选项步行速度、B选项和高速汽车同速、D选项是高速汽车速度的一半，均不符合原文描述，排除，选C。
8. 细节理解题：原文第二段说明大风暴过后，新降的雪给山体里已有的旧雪施加更大压力，这种压力会让旧雪移动引发雪崩，对应A选项。B选项安全训练是登山的防护措施不是雪崩成因，C选项村民居住和雪崩无关，D选项雪山降温原文完全没有提及，排除，选A。
9. 细节理解题：原文第三段提到雪崩会掩埋沿途的房屋和村庄、雪崩停止后积雪会变得坚硬、会掩埋路人导致人无法呼吸，文中完全没有提到雪崩会让人犯困的相关描述，因此①错误，②③④正确，选B。
10. 主旨大意题：文章前三个段落依次介绍了雪崩的定义、移动速度、发生诱因、带来的危害，最后一个段落介绍了登雪山时防范雪崩的安全方法，因此作者的写作目的是介绍雪崩相关知识以及对应的避险方式。A选项只提到远离雪崩过于片面，B选项文中没有提及他人警告的相关内容，D选项劝人不要爬山完全不符合原文表意，排除，选C。
【答案】
6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意，文本信息匹配
【点评】
本篇是难度适中的科普类说明文阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到对应答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生梳理全文结构判断核心表意，能够有效锻炼学生快速抓取文本关键信息、不主观臆断的阅读习惯，适合基础阶段的学生训练阅读得分能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
