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三、书面表达
假如你是一名中学生,准备参加某英语报举办的写作大赛。请你根据以下内容提示,用英语写一篇短文,介绍在不同的灾害中保护自己的方法,同时提出预防措施。
要求:1. 要点齐全,语句通顺,意思连贯,符合题意;
2. 词数100左右;
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。
假如你是一名中学生,准备参加某英语报举办的写作大赛。请你根据以下内容提示,用英语写一篇短文,介绍在不同的灾害中保护自己的方法,同时提出预防措施。
要求:1. 要点齐全,语句通顺,意思连贯,符合题意;
2. 词数100左右;
3. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。
答案
One possible version:
In recent years, there have been a lot of
disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, fires,
sandstorms and so on.
When there is a flood, we should get to high
ground and make sure not to walk through the flood
water. If an earthquake happens, we should hide
under a strong desk and stay away from windows. If
a fire happens, we should use a wet towel to cover
our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground.
Of course, we should take action to prevent
future disasters. We should plant more trees and
protect wild animals. We should also share some
related information with others.
Hope we can have a better world in the future.
In recent years, there have been a lot of
disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, fires,
sandstorms and so on.
When there is a flood, we should get to high
ground and make sure not to walk through the flood
water. If an earthquake happens, we should hide
under a strong desk and stay away from windows. If
a fire happens, we should use a wet towel to cover
our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground.
Of course, we should take action to prevent
future disasters. We should plant more trees and
protect wild animals. We should also share some
related information with others.
Hope we can have a better world in the future.
解析
【分析】
首先拿到这道书面表达题，先明确写作的分层思路：第一步先梳理题干给出的三个核心模块，先开篇引入话题，自然列举出洪水、地震、火灾等提示的灾害类型；第二步对应不同的灾害场景，把提示的自救方法准确匹配到对应灾害中，避免逻辑错位；第三步过渡到预防未来灾害的相关行动，覆盖所有提示的防灾要点。写作过程中注意控制总词数在100左右，不要出现真实人名校名，保证语句通顺连贯即可。
【解析】
1. 开篇部分：先点明近年自然灾害频发的现状，自然引出floods、earthquakes、fires等提示的灾害类型，完成第一个模块的内容引入。
2. 自救方法主体部分：分三类灾害对应匹配自救要点：洪水发生时前往高处，不要蹚涉洪水；地震发生时躲在坚固的书桌下方，远离窗户；火灾发生时用湿毛巾捂住口鼻，压低身体行进，把所有提示的自救要点全部覆盖，逻辑清晰。
3. 防灾措施收尾部分：过渡到主动预防灾害的内容，写出多植树、保护野生动物的提示要点，可适当补充分享防灾相关信息这类合理的拓展内容，最后用对未来的美好期许收尾，调整语句让行文流畅，符合词数要求。
【答案】
One possible version:
In recent years, there have been a lot of disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, sandstorms and so on.
When there is a flood, we should get to high ground and make sure not to walk through the flood water. If an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk and stay away from windows. If a fire happens, we should use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground.
Of course, we should take action to prevent future disasters. We should plant more trees and protect wild animals. We should also share some related information with others.
Hope we can have a better world in the future.
【知识点】
灾害话题写作
要点类书面表达
英语语篇衔接
【点评】
本题属于提示类话题作文，所有核心要点都已经通过框图明确给出，难度较低，只需要按照“介绍灾害类型-说明自救方法-提出预防措施”的逻辑分层组织内容，注意把自救方法和对应的灾害场景匹配正确，不要出现要点遗漏，适当添加少量衔接词让语句连贯，很容易达到题目的要求拿到高分。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先拿到这道书面表达题，先明确写作的分层思路：第一步先梳理题干给出的三个核心模块，先开篇引入话题，自然列举出洪水、地震、火灾等提示的灾害类型；第二步对应不同的灾害场景，把提示的自救方法准确匹配到对应灾害中，避免逻辑错位；第三步过渡到预防未来灾害的相关行动，覆盖所有提示的防灾要点。写作过程中注意控制总词数在100左右，不要出现真实人名校名，保证语句通顺连贯即可。
【解析】
1. 开篇部分：先点明近年自然灾害频发的现状，自然引出floods、earthquakes、fires等提示的灾害类型，完成第一个模块的内容引入。
2. 自救方法主体部分：分三类灾害对应匹配自救要点：洪水发生时前往高处，不要蹚涉洪水；地震发生时躲在坚固的书桌下方，远离窗户；火灾发生时用湿毛巾捂住口鼻，压低身体行进，把所有提示的自救要点全部覆盖，逻辑清晰。
3. 防灾措施收尾部分：过渡到主动预防灾害的内容，写出多植树、保护野生动物的提示要点，可适当补充分享防灾相关信息这类合理的拓展内容，最后用对未来的美好期许收尾，调整语句让行文流畅，符合词数要求。
【答案】
One possible version:
In recent years, there have been a lot of disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, sandstorms and so on.
When there is a flood, we should get to high ground and make sure not to walk through the flood water. If an earthquake happens, we should hide under a strong desk and stay away from windows. If a fire happens, we should use a wet towel to cover our mouth and nose and stay low to the ground.
Of course, we should take action to prevent future disasters. We should plant more trees and protect wild animals. We should also share some related information with others.
Hope we can have a better world in the future.
【知识点】
灾害话题写作
要点类书面表达
英语语篇衔接
【点评】
本题属于提示类话题作文，所有核心要点都已经通过框图明确给出，难度较低，只需要按照“介绍灾害类型-说明自救方法-提出预防措施”的逻辑分层组织内容，注意把自救方法和对应的灾害场景匹配正确，不要出现要点遗漏，适当添加少量衔接词让语句连贯，很容易达到题目的要求拿到高分。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、补充练习
语篇填空,阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个合适的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you experience an earthquake? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings 1 (sudden) fell down, and thousands of people were in danger. Many people 2 (sleep) when the earthquake happened. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity (电). It was reported that about 4,000 people died in the earthquake.
Lots of people in Mexico City became 3 ______ (volunteer) to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They tried their best 4 ______ (bring) clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 5 ______ (begin) to give people medicine and helped people on the crowded streets.
The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 (strong) aftershock in Mexico City. "I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 (we), because it is dangerous. Second, we should get ready for everything in time," said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students 10 the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
语篇填空,阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个合适的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you experience an earthquake? There was a bad earthquake in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985. A lot of buildings 1 (sudden) fell down, and thousands of people were in danger. Many people 2 (sleep) when the earthquake happened. After the earthquake, 40% of Mexico City was without electricity (电). It was reported that about 4,000 people died in the earthquake.
Lots of people in Mexico City became 3 ______ (volunteer) to help others. Some people in other areas also offered to help. They tried their best 4 ______ (bring) clean water, enough clothes and food to Mexico City. Some doctors and nurses 5 ______ (begin) to give people medicine and helped people on the crowded streets.
The aftershock (余震) happened 6 the evening of September 20th. It was the 7 (strong) aftershock in Mexico City. "I told my students two things. First, we should protect 8 (we), because it is dangerous. Second, we should get ready for everything in time," said Adelina, a teacher of the Morelos Middle School. 9 all the buildings in the school were broken, everyone was safe. Because both the students 10 the teachers had learned some life-saving skills, they quickly ran out of the buildings.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
1.suddenly 2.were sleeping 3.volunteers
4.to bring 5.began 6.on 7.strongest
8.ourselves 9.Although/Though 10.and
4.to bring 5.began 6.on 7.strongest
8.ourselves 9.Although/Though 10.and
解析
【分析】
做这篇语篇填空时，首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍1985年墨西哥城大地震的相关情况，整体叙事基调为一般过去时，再逐空结合语法规则、固定搭配、上下文逻辑推导答案：遇到带提示词的空，先判断空格在句中充当的成分，确定所需的词性、时态、数的形式后再对提示词做变形；遇到无提示词的空，先判断空格所属的功能（介词、连词等），结合语境逻辑和固定搭配推导即可，一步步推导就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 空格用于修饰动词短语fell down，修饰动词需要使用副词，形容词sudden的副词形式为suddenly。
2. 句意为“地震发生的时候，很多人正在睡觉”，描述过去某个短暂动作发生时，另一个延续性动作正在进行，要用过去进行时，主语many people是复数，对应的be动词用were，sleep的现在分词为sleeping，因此填were sleeping。
3. 主语是Lots of people（很多人），对应的可数名词volunteer要变为复数形式volunteers，表多个志愿者。
4. 此处是固定搭配try one's best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，因此填to bring。
5. 全文叙事为一般过去时，谓语动词begin要变为过去式began。
6. 表示具体某一天的早/中/晚，要使用介词on，此处特指9月20日的晚上，因此填on。
7. 空格前有定冠词the，后文给出范围in Mexico City，需要用形容词最高级，strong的最高级为strongest。
8. 句意为“首先我们应该保护我们自己”，主语是we，对应的反身代词为ourselves。
9. 前后句是让步逻辑：“尽管学校里所有建筑都损毁了，所有人都平安无事”，引导让步状语从句可以填Although或者Though。
10. 此处是固定搭配both...and...，意为“两者都”，连接并列的主语students和teachers，因此填and。
【答案】
1.suddenly 2.were sleeping 3.volunteers 4.to bring 5.began 6.on 7.strongest 8.ourselves 9.Although/Though 10.and
【知识点】
词形转换，动词时态，固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础类记叙文语篇填空，考点覆盖了初中核心的词类变形、时态、介词、连词等基础语法点，绝大多数空都可以通过基础语法规则和固定搭配直接推导，仅让步连词空需要结合上下文逻辑判断，适合用来巩固课内基础语法知识，检验学生对基础语法点的掌握熟练度。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇语篇填空时，首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍1985年墨西哥城大地震的相关情况，整体叙事基调为一般过去时，再逐空结合语法规则、固定搭配、上下文逻辑推导答案：遇到带提示词的空，先判断空格在句中充当的成分，确定所需的词性、时态、数的形式后再对提示词做变形；遇到无提示词的空，先判断空格所属的功能（介词、连词等），结合语境逻辑和固定搭配推导即可，一步步推导就能得到正确结果。
【解析】
1. 空格用于修饰动词短语fell down，修饰动词需要使用副词，形容词sudden的副词形式为suddenly。
2. 句意为“地震发生的时候，很多人正在睡觉”，描述过去某个短暂动作发生时，另一个延续性动作正在进行，要用过去进行时，主语many people是复数，对应的be动词用were，sleep的现在分词为sleeping，因此填were sleeping。
3. 主语是Lots of people（很多人），对应的可数名词volunteer要变为复数形式volunteers，表多个志愿者。
4. 此处是固定搭配try one's best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，因此填to bring。
5. 全文叙事为一般过去时，谓语动词begin要变为过去式began。
6. 表示具体某一天的早/中/晚，要使用介词on，此处特指9月20日的晚上，因此填on。
7. 空格前有定冠词the，后文给出范围in Mexico City，需要用形容词最高级，strong的最高级为strongest。
8. 句意为“首先我们应该保护我们自己”，主语是we，对应的反身代词为ourselves。
9. 前后句是让步逻辑：“尽管学校里所有建筑都损毁了，所有人都平安无事”，引导让步状语从句可以填Although或者Though。
10. 此处是固定搭配both...and...，意为“两者都”，连接并列的主语students和teachers，因此填and。
【答案】
1.suddenly 2.were sleeping 3.volunteers 4.to bring 5.began 6.on 7.strongest 8.ourselves 9.Although/Though 10.and
【知识点】
词形转换，动词时态，固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础类记叙文语篇填空，考点覆盖了初中核心的词类变形、时态、介词、连词等基础语法点，绝大多数空都可以通过基础语法规则和固定搭配直接推导，仅让步连词空需要结合上下文逻辑判断，适合用来巩固课内基础语法知识，检验学生对基础语法点的掌握熟练度。
【难度系数】
0.7
