三、选词填空
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。

With their cute "smiles" and photo - ready poses, quokkas(短尾矮袋鼠) are often called the "world's happiest animals". But are they 1 as happy as they seem?
Found in Western Australia, quokkas are about the size of a small cat and look like a smaller, rounder type of their cousin, the kangaroo. They have small faces with large eyes and round ears, and they are famous for looking like they're always 2.
While the quokkas' "smile" is just a result of the shape of their mouths, they do have a 3 nature. They 4 nothing about people, making it easy for people to take pictures of them. Their joyful appearance(外貌) is enough 5 anyone on a bad day.
Although these animals are doing well online, it's a different story in the wild. Quokkas are listed as vulnerable (易受伤害的) by the Western Australian Threatened Species Scientific Committee. Today, there are thought to be around 10,000 quokkas 6 on Rottnest Island. Reports show that because of predators and loss of habitat, there are much 7 quokkas than before. Some studies also show that the average(平均的) 8 of quokkas has dropped due to(由于) environmental stress.
For those visiting Rottnest Island, there are rules in place to protect the quokka population(族群). Experts strongly recommend 9 a safe distance from these creatures. 10 can't feed or touch the quokkas, or they may pay fines of up to 7,000.
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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了短尾矮袋鼠的外形、生活习性以及它们在野外的生存状况。
1. truly 2. smiling 3. friendly 4. are afraid of
5. to cheer up 6. living 7. fewer 8. weight 9. keeping
10. Visitors

【分析】
首先通读全文，明确本文是介绍短尾矮袋鼠的说明文，把握整体语义逻辑。接下来先梳理方框内所有备选词/短语的含义，再逐个分析每个空格的语义需求和语法规则：1. 先判断空格所需的词性，结合上下文语境筛选出对应的备选词；2. 再根据时态、固定搭配、比较级、非谓语等语法要求，将备选词变形为正确形式；3. 最后检查所有词汇短语都仅使用一次，没有重复错用，验证逻辑通顺。
【解析】
1. 空格处需要修饰形容词happy，需将备选词true转换为副词形式truly，作程度状语，表达“真正地”的含义，符合句意“但它们真的像看起来那样快乐吗？”。
2. 空格前有be动词are和频度副词always，句子为现在进行时结构，需将smile变为现在分词smiling，符合“它们以看起来总在微笑而出名”的语义。
3. 空格后是名词nature，需要形容词作定语修饰名词，将friend转换为形容词friendly，意为“友好的”，对应“它们确实有着友好的天性”的描述。
4. 根据后文“人们很容易给它们拍照”的提示，可知短尾矮袋鼠不惧怕人类，主语为they，时态为一般现在时，直接填入短语are afraid of，符合语义。
5. 此处符合固定结构be enough to do sth.（足够做某事），结合语境它们的愉悦外貌足以让心情不好的人振作起来，因此填入to cheer up。
6. 此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰前面的quokkas，短尾矮袋鼠和“生活”是主动关系，因此将live变为现在分词living，表达“目前约有10000只短尾矮袋鼠生活在罗特内斯特岛上”的含义。
7. 空格后有than提示要用比较级，修饰可数名词quokkas，将few变为比较级fewer，表达“如今短尾矮袋鼠的数量比以前少得多”的语义。
8. 此处为固定结构“the + 名词 + of”，表达“平均体重”的含义，将动词weigh转换为名词weight即可。
9. 固定搭配recommend doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”，因此将keep变为动名词keeping，对应“专家强烈建议和这些生物保持安全距离”的句意。
10. 空格处作句子主语，指代来岛上参观的人群，将visit变为表示人的名词复数Visitors，首字母大写，符合“游客不能投喂或触摸短尾矮袋鼠”的规则描述。
【答案】
1. truly
2. smiling
3. friendly
4. are afraid of
5. to cheer up
6. living
7. fewer
8. weight
9. keeping
10. Visitors
【知识点】
词形转换，固定搭配，副词用法
【点评】
本题是语篇型选词填空题，将词汇考察融入介绍短尾矮袋鼠的科普说明文中，既要求学生读懂全文逻辑、匹配语义，也综合考察了现在进行时、非谓语动词、形容词比较级、常见固定搭配等初中英语核心知识点，同时设置了“每个词限用一次”的规则，要求学生做完后逐一排查，避免词汇重复使用，能有效检验学生的词汇应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6

四、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词，每个空格只填一个单词。
The main characteristic of a bird is feathers(羽毛). No other animal has feathers. Other important features for birds are wings and hollow(中空的) bones.
Birds fly by flapping their wings and using air pressure(压力) to create lift under their wings. Just like planes do. The peregrine falcon(游隼) is one of the fastest birds. It can reach speeds of over 100 miles per hour when diving. Feathers are important to birds because they keep them warm, help them to fly, and provide camouflage(伪装). Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light enough to fly.
Although an important characteristic of birds is flying. Not all birds fly. Some birds that don't fly are penguins(企鹅) and ostriches(鸵鸟). Penguins actually spend much time in the water where they are good swimmers. Ostriches, on the other hand, are very fast runners. An ostrich can run faster than a horse!
There are all sizes of birds. Hummingbirds are some of the smallest birds, while ostriches are some of the biggest. Different types of birds eat different things. Some birds feed on plants, some birds eat insects and still others eat other animals like fish, snakes or mice. Birds are also known for their migrating(迁徙) patterns to large groups. Some birds will travel a long distance each season to find places with the right weather for them. A bird is sometimes kept as a pet. The most popular birds for pets are tropical(热带的) birds like parrots. Birds also have a history of helping humans with different tasks. They can carry messages and help hunt.
Read more about birds.
An ostrich can run as fast as 43 miles per hour and grow as tall as 9 feet.
Blue birds can't see the colour blue.
The hummingbird can fly backwards, but it can't walk.

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【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了鸟类的特征、鸟类是如何飞行的、鸟的种类及有关鸟类的趣事。
1. different 2. use 3. help 4. swimming 5. big 6. feed
7. far 8. pets 9. facts 10. height

【分析】
这是一篇说明文类任务型阅读，解题时首先通读全文梳理文章脉络，明确文章从鸟类特征、飞行原理、不会飞的鸟类、鸟类种类、鸟类趣闻五个板块展开介绍，之后逐空对应表格句意回到原文定位相关内容，结合固定搭配、词性变化、主谓一致等语法规则确定答案，注意每个空格只能填1个单词。具体思考路径：1. 第一空结合后文“from other animals”，对应原文鸟类独有的特征，想到固定搭配different from；2. 第二空对应鸟类飞行的原理，找到原文“using air pressure”，结合表格中和flap并列的谓语动词形式，把动名词还原为动词原形；3. 第三空结合中空骨骼帮助鸟类减重的逻辑，想到固定搭配with the help of；4. 第四空对应企鹅的特点，原文提到企鹅是游泳健将，be good at后接动名词形式；5. 第五空利用while的转折逻辑，和前文small对应，找到鸵鸟体型大的描述；6. 第六空结合后文“on different things like plants”，对应原文feed on固定搭配；7. 第七空对应鸟类迁徙的特点，原文提到长距离飞行，转化为fly far；8. 第八空对应鸟类作为宠物的内容，主语是some birds，名词变复数；9. 第九空对应板块主题，介绍的是鸟类的趣味事实，填facts；10. 第十空对应鸵鸟身高9英尺的描述，固定搭配in height。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段“The main characteristic of a bird is feathers. No other animal has feathers. Other important features for birds are wings and hollow bones.”，说明这些特征让鸟类和其他动物不同，固定搭配different from表示“与…不同”，故填different。
2. 定位原文第二段“Birds fly by flapping their wings and using air pressure to create lift under their wings.”，表格中and连接并列的谓语动词，和flap形式一致用动词原形，故填use。
3. 定位原文第二段“Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light enough to fly.”，固定搭配with the help of表示“在…的帮助下”，符合句意，故填help。
4. 定位原文第三段“Penguins actually spend much time in the water where they are good swimmers.”，固定搭配be good at doing sth.表示“擅长做某事”，故swim变为动名词swimming。
5. 定位原文第四段“ There are all sizes of birds. Hummingbirds are some of the smallest birds, while ostriches are some of the biggest.”，while表转折，和small对应，故填big。
6. 定位原文第四段“Some birds feed on plants, some birds eat insects”，固定搭配feed on表示“以…为食”，主语是复数，谓语用原形，故填feed。
7. 定位原文第四段“Some birds will travel a long distance each season to find places with the right weather for them.”，说明鸟类会飞很远，故填far。
8. 定位原文第四段“A bird is sometimes kept as a pet.”，表格主语是some birds，对应的名词用复数形式，故填pets。
9. 表格该板块罗列的都是关于鸟类的趣味小知识，即有趣的事实，Fun facts是常用表达，故填facts。
10. 定位原文最后部分“An ostrich can run as fast as 43 miles per hour and grow as tall as 9 feet.”，表示高度达到9英尺，固定搭配in height表示“在高度方面”，故填height。
【答案】
1. different 2. use 3. help 4. swimming 5. big 6. feed 7. far 8. pets 9. facts 10. height
【知识点】
任务型阅读信息定位，固定短语搭配，词性转换
【点评】
本题难度适中，大部分答案可以直接通过定位原文信息得出，仅少数空需要结合语法规则进行词性、单复数的转换，既考察学生快速检索文本信息的能力，也考察学生对常见固定短语的积累掌握，适合巩固阅读基础。
【难度系数】
0.7