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二、阅读理解
2025苏州常熟期末 When we look at the earth, we see many different things. Sometimes, you may hear people talk about landform and landscape. Are they the same thing? Let's find out!
A landform is a natural feature of the earth's surface. Think of big mountains that rise high up, low valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and on, and sandy deserts. These are all landforms. They are made by nature over a long, long time. For example, mountains are formed when huge plates of the earth's surface push against each other. Valleys can be made by rivers cutting through the land little by little. Each landform has a name that tells us what it looks like and how it was formed. Scientists study landforms
to learn about the history of the earth.
A landscape, on the other hand, is what you see when you look at an area of land. It includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings, and lakes. Imagine standing on top of a hill. You can see green trees waving in the wind, a small village with houses, and a clear lake nearby. All these things together make up the landscape. A landscape can change rapidly. If people build new buildings or cut down a lot of trees, the landscape will look different in just a few months.
Let's take a forest in the mountains as an example. The mountain is the landform—it's a natural feature of the earth. But when you see the tall trees, hear the birds singing, and watch a little stream running down the mountain, that's the landscape.
So, the key difference is this: landform is about the natural shapes of the earth, and landscape is about the whole view of an area, including both natural and man-made things. Next time you go on a trip, try to enjoy different landforms and describe the beautiful landscapes around you!
1. Which of the following is a landform?
A. A newly-built bridge.
B. A flat plain.
C. A group of trees.
D. A small house.
2. What can we learn from the text about how mountains are formed?
A. They are made by people building up the land.
B. They are formed when rivers cut through the land.
C. They are formed when the earth's plates push against each other.
D. They are formed by heavy rain and strong winds.
3. What does the underlined word "rapidly" in
Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Brightly. B. Quickly.
C. Powerfully. D. Quietly.
4. What does "landscape" usually include?
A. Only landforms.
B. Only natural things.
C. Just man-made things.
D. Landforms, trees, houses and lakes.
5. How does the writer explain the difference between landform and landscape?
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
2025苏州常熟期末 When we look at the earth, we see many different things. Sometimes, you may hear people talk about landform and landscape. Are they the same thing? Let's find out!
A landform is a natural feature of the earth's surface. Think of big mountains that rise high up, low valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and on, and sandy deserts. These are all landforms. They are made by nature over a long, long time. For example, mountains are formed when huge plates of the earth's surface push against each other. Valleys can be made by rivers cutting through the land little by little. Each landform has a name that tells us what it looks like and how it was formed. Scientists study landforms
to learn about the history of the earth.
A landscape, on the other hand, is what you see when you look at an area of land. It includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings, and lakes. Imagine standing on top of a hill. You can see green trees waving in the wind, a small village with houses, and a clear lake nearby. All these things together make up the landscape. A landscape can change rapidly. If people build new buildings or cut down a lot of trees, the landscape will look different in just a few months.
Let's take a forest in the mountains as an example. The mountain is the landform—it's a natural feature of the earth. But when you see the tall trees, hear the birds singing, and watch a little stream running down the mountain, that's the landscape.
So, the key difference is this: landform is about the natural shapes of the earth, and landscape is about the whole view of an area, including both natural and man-made things. Next time you go on a trip, try to enjoy different landforms and describe the beautiful landscapes around you!
1. Which of the following is a landform?
A. A newly-built bridge.
B. A flat plain.
C. A group of trees.
D. A small house.
2. What can we learn from the text about how mountains are formed?
A. They are made by people building up the land.
B. They are formed when rivers cut through the land.
C. They are formed when the earth's plates push against each other.
D. They are formed by heavy rain and strong winds.
3. What does the underlined word "rapidly" in
Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Brightly. B. Quickly.
C. Powerfully. D. Quietly.
4. What does "landscape" usually include?
A. Only landforms.
B. Only natural things.
C. Just man-made things.
D. Landforms, trees, houses and lakes.
5. How does the writer explain the difference between landform and landscape?
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By giving examples.
D. By asking questions.
答案
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了
地貌和景观的区别。
1. B 提示:细节理解题。根据第二段中
"Think of big mountains that rise high up, low
valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and
on, and sandy deserts. These are all
landforms."可知,高耸的大山、小山之间的低
山谷、连绵不断的平原、沙漠都是地貌。
2. C 提示:细节理解题。根据第二段中"mountains
are formed when huge plates of the earth's
surface push against each other"可知,山是由
地球表面的巨大板块相互碰撞形成的。
3. B 提示:词义猜测题。根据第三段中"If
people build new buildings or cut down a lot of
trees, the landscape will look different in just a
few months."可知,如果人们建造新的建筑物
或砍伐大量的树木,景观将在短短几个月内
看起来不同。由此推断,rapidly和quickly同
义,表示"快地,迅速地"。
4. D 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"It
includes landforms, but it also has other things
like plants, buildings, and lakes."可知,景观
包括地貌,但也包含其他东西,如植物、建筑
物和湖泊。
5. C 提示:推理判断题。通读全文,结合第二
段中"For example"及第四段中"Let's take a
forest in the mountains as an example."等可知,
作者通过列举很多的例子来解释地貌和景观
的不同之处。
地貌和景观的区别。
1. B 提示:细节理解题。根据第二段中
"Think of big mountains that rise high up, low
valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and
on, and sandy deserts. These are all
landforms."可知,高耸的大山、小山之间的低
山谷、连绵不断的平原、沙漠都是地貌。
2. C 提示:细节理解题。根据第二段中"mountains
are formed when huge plates of the earth's
surface push against each other"可知,山是由
地球表面的巨大板块相互碰撞形成的。
3. B 提示:词义猜测题。根据第三段中"If
people build new buildings or cut down a lot of
trees, the landscape will look different in just a
few months."可知,如果人们建造新的建筑物
或砍伐大量的树木,景观将在短短几个月内
看起来不同。由此推断,rapidly和quickly同
义,表示"快地,迅速地"。
4. D 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"It
includes landforms, but it also has other things
like plants, buildings, and lakes."可知,景观
包括地貌,但也包含其他东西,如植物、建筑
物和湖泊。
5. C 提示:推理判断题。通读全文,结合第二
段中"For example"及第四段中"Let's take a
forest in the mountains as an example."等可知,
作者通过列举很多的例子来解释地貌和景观
的不同之处。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：细节理解题，需定位到文中介绍landform的段落，找到列举的地貌类型，对比选项选出符合的答案。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，定位到文中关于山脉形成的语句，直接匹配选项即可。
3. 第3题：词义猜测题，要结合划线词所在段落的上下文语境，通过后文“短短几个月就变化”的描述，推断出该词的含义。
4. 第4题：细节理解题，找到文中关于landscape包含内容的句子，对比选项得出答案。
5. 第5题：推理判断题，通读全文，留意文中的标志性表述（如For example、take...as an example），判断作者的说明方法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段“Think of big mountains that rise high up, low valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and on, and sandy deserts. These are all landforms.”可知，平坦的平原属于地貌，选项B符合，其他选项都是人造或植物类，不属于地貌。
2. 第2题：根据第二段“mountains are formed when huge plates of the earth's surface push against each other”可知，山脉是地球表面的巨大板块相互挤压形成的，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“If people build new buildings or cut down a lot of trees, the landscape will look different in just a few months.”可知，景观在短短几个月内就会变化，由此推断“rapidly”意为“快速地”，和quickly同义，选B。
4. 第4题：根据第三段“It includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings, and lakes.”可知，景观包括地貌、树木、房屋、湖泊等，对应选项D。
5. 第5题：文中出现“For example”“Let's take a forest in the mountains as an example”等表述，说明作者通过举例子的方式来解释地貌和景观的区别，选C。
【答案】
1. B；2. C；3. B；4. D；5. C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题解法
2. 词义猜测技巧
3. 说明方法判断
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍地貌与景观区别的说明文，题目设置以基础题型为主，着重考察学生的信息提取能力和简单推理能力，通过定位原文信息即可解决大部分题目，有助于学生巩固说明文阅读的基本解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文阅读题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题：细节理解题，需定位到文中介绍landform的段落，找到列举的地貌类型，对比选项选出符合的答案。
2. 第2题：细节理解题，定位到文中关于山脉形成的语句，直接匹配选项即可。
3. 第3题：词义猜测题，要结合划线词所在段落的上下文语境，通过后文“短短几个月就变化”的描述，推断出该词的含义。
4. 第4题：细节理解题，找到文中关于landscape包含内容的句子，对比选项得出答案。
5. 第5题：推理判断题，通读全文，留意文中的标志性表述（如For example、take...as an example），判断作者的说明方法。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第二段“Think of big mountains that rise high up, low valleys between hills, flat plains that go on and on, and sandy deserts. These are all landforms.”可知，平坦的平原属于地貌，选项B符合，其他选项都是人造或植物类，不属于地貌。
2. 第2题：根据第二段“mountains are formed when huge plates of the earth's surface push against each other”可知，山脉是地球表面的巨大板块相互挤压形成的，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“If people build new buildings or cut down a lot of trees, the landscape will look different in just a few months.”可知，景观在短短几个月内就会变化，由此推断“rapidly”意为“快速地”，和quickly同义，选B。
4. 第4题：根据第三段“It includes landforms, but it also has other things like plants, buildings, and lakes.”可知，景观包括地貌、树木、房屋、湖泊等，对应选项D。
5. 第5题：文中出现“For example”“Let's take a forest in the mountains as an example”等表述，说明作者通过举例子的方式来解释地貌和景观的区别，选C。
【答案】
1. B；2. C；3. B；4. D；5. C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解题解法
2. 词义猜测技巧
3. 说明方法判断
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍地貌与景观区别的说明文，题目设置以基础题型为主，着重考察学生的信息提取能力和简单推理能力，通过定位原文信息即可解决大部分题目，有助于学生巩固说明文阅读的基本解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.7
