15. 阅读下列解方程组的方法,然后解决后面的问题:
解方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { 19 x + 18 y = 17 ① } \\ { 17 x + 16 y = 15 ② } \end{array} \right.$时,我们如果直接考虑消元,那将是不胜其烦的,而采用下面的解法则是轻而易举的。
解:①-②得,$2 x + 2 y = 2$,所以$x + y = 1$③,
将③×16,得$16 x + 16 y = 16$④,
②-④,得$x = - 1$,从而由③,得$y = 2$,
所以方程组的解是$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { x = - 1 } \\ { y = 2 } \end{array} \right.$。
(1)请用上述的方法解方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { 2 004 x + 2 003 y = 2 002 } \\ { 2 002 x + 2 001 y = 2 000 } \end{array} \right.$,解为
(2)猜想关于$x$,$y$的方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { ( a + 2 ) x + ( a + 1 ) y = a } \\ { a x + ( a - 1 ) y = a - 2 } \end{array} \right.$的解为
解方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { 19 x + 18 y = 17 ① } \\ { 17 x + 16 y = 15 ② } \end{array} \right.$时,我们如果直接考虑消元,那将是不胜其烦的,而采用下面的解法则是轻而易举的。
解:①-②得,$2 x + 2 y = 2$,所以$x + y = 1$③,
将③×16,得$16 x + 16 y = 16$④,
②-④,得$x = - 1$,从而由③,得$y = 2$,
所以方程组的解是$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { x = - 1 } \\ { y = 2 } \end{array} \right.$。
(1)请用上述的方法解方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { 2 004 x + 2 003 y = 2 002 } \\ { 2 002 x + 2 001 y = 2 000 } \end{array} \right.$,解为
$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
。(2)猜想关于$x$,$y$的方程组$\left\{ \begin{array} { l } { ( a + 2 ) x + ( a + 1 ) y = a } \\ { a x + ( a - 1 ) y = a - 2 } \end{array} \right.$的解为
$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
。答案
【解析】:
(1)对于方程组$\begin{cases}2004x + 2003y = 2002&①\\2002x + 2001y = 2000&②\end{cases}$
①$-$②得:$(2004x + 2003y)-(2002x + 2001y)=2002 - 2000$
去括号得$2004x + 2003y - 2002x - 2001y = 2$
合并同类项得$2x + 2y = 2$,两边同时除以$2$得$x + y = 1$ ③
将③$×2001$得:$2001x + 2001y = 2001$ ④
②$-$④得:$(2002x + 2001y)-(2001x + 2001y)=2000 - 2001$
去括号得$2002x + 2001y - 2001x - 2001y=-1$
合并同类项得$x = - 1$
把$x = - 1$代入③得:$-1 + y = 1$,解得$y = 2$
所以方程组$\begin{cases}2004x + 2003y = 2002\\2002x + 2001y = 2000\end{cases}$的解为$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
(2)对于方程组$\begin{cases}(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y = a&①\\ax+(a - 1)y = a - 2&②\end{cases}$
①$-$②得:$[(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y]-[ax+(a - 1)y]=a-(a - 2)$
去括号得$(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y - ax-(a - 1)y=a - a + 2$
合并同类项得$2x + 2y = 2$,两边同时除以$2$得$x + y = 1$ ③
将③$×(a - 1)$得:$(a - 1)x+(a - 1)y = a - 1$ ④
②$-$④得:$[ax+(a - 1)y]-[(a - 1)x+(a - 1)y]=(a - 2)-(a - 1)$
去括号得$ax+(a - 1)y-(a - 1)x-(a - 1)y=a - 2 - a + 1$
合并同类项得$x = - 1$
把$x = - 1$代入③得:$-1 + y = 1$,解得$y = 2$
所以方程组$\begin{cases}(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y = a\\ax+(a - 1)y = a - 2\end{cases}$的解为$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
【答案】:(1)$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$;(2)$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
(1)对于方程组$\begin{cases}2004x + 2003y = 2002&①\\2002x + 2001y = 2000&②\end{cases}$
①$-$②得:$(2004x + 2003y)-(2002x + 2001y)=2002 - 2000$
去括号得$2004x + 2003y - 2002x - 2001y = 2$
合并同类项得$2x + 2y = 2$,两边同时除以$2$得$x + y = 1$ ③
将③$×2001$得:$2001x + 2001y = 2001$ ④
②$-$④得:$(2002x + 2001y)-(2001x + 2001y)=2000 - 2001$
去括号得$2002x + 2001y - 2001x - 2001y=-1$
合并同类项得$x = - 1$
把$x = - 1$代入③得:$-1 + y = 1$,解得$y = 2$
所以方程组$\begin{cases}2004x + 2003y = 2002\\2002x + 2001y = 2000\end{cases}$的解为$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
(2)对于方程组$\begin{cases}(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y = a&①\\ax+(a - 1)y = a - 2&②\end{cases}$
①$-$②得:$[(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y]-[ax+(a - 1)y]=a-(a - 2)$
去括号得$(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y - ax-(a - 1)y=a - a + 2$
合并同类项得$2x + 2y = 2$,两边同时除以$2$得$x + y = 1$ ③
将③$×(a - 1)$得:$(a - 1)x+(a - 1)y = a - 1$ ④
②$-$④得:$[ax+(a - 1)y]-[(a - 1)x+(a - 1)y]=(a - 2)-(a - 1)$
去括号得$ax+(a - 1)y-(a - 1)x-(a - 1)y=a - 2 - a + 1$
合并同类项得$x = - 1$
把$x = - 1$代入③得:$-1 + y = 1$,解得$y = 2$
所以方程组$\begin{cases}(a + 2)x+(a + 1)y = a\\ax+(a - 1)y = a - 2\end{cases}$的解为$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
【答案】:(1)$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$;(2)$\begin{cases}x = - 1\\y = 2\end{cases}$
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