第三课时 Grammar Focus(4a~4c)
语法精讲
宾语从句（二）
├─引导宾语从句的疑问词
│ 由连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which等引导的宾语从句，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不能省略。例如：No one knows exactly what happened. /She wondered who sent the flowers.
│ 由连接副词when, where, how, why等引导的宾语从句，连接副词在从句中作状语，不能省略。例如：Excuse me,could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?/Excuse me,do you know where I can buy some medicine?
│ 句型转换：当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可转化为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式+其他”结构。例如:I don’t know what图1I should do next.=I don’t know what next.
├─语序
│ 用，即“疑问词+主语+谓语+其他”。
│ 例如：Tony wonders what you were doing at the time of the rainstorm.
└─时态
主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况选用时态；主句是过去时，宾语从句通常用过去的某种时态。例如：Li Ming said that he was helping with the housework when his mother came back home.
宾语从句描述客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句限制，用一般现在时。例如：Dad told me that the sun rises in the east.
语法精练

o do;陈述语序

【分析】
本题考查宾语从句的两个核心知识点：一是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句转化为不定式结构的规则，二是宾语从句的语序要求。首先看第一个空，根据语法规则，当主句主语和从句主语一致时，宾语从句可转换为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，原句是what I should do，因此需将从句部分转化为不定式，即what to do；第二个空，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“疑问词+主语+谓语+其他”的结构，因此此处填陈述语序。
【解析】
1. 第一空：根据宾语从句的转换规则，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可将“特殊疑问词+主语+谓语”的宾语从句结构转换为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。原句为“I don’t know what I should do next”，对应转换后为“I don’t know what to do next”，故第一空填to do。
2. 第二空：宾语从句的语序要求为陈述语序，即“疑问词+主语+谓语+其他”，而非疑问句语序，故第二空填陈述语序。
【答案】to do;陈述语序
【知识点】宾语从句、特殊疑问词+不定式结构、宾语从句语序
【点评】
本题为基础语法题，聚焦宾语从句的两个重要考点，难度较低，只要牢记宾语从句的转换规则和语序要求即可轻松解答，适合巩固基础语法知识。
【难度系数】0.7

Ⅰ. 根据句意用适当的连接词填空。
1. —Could you tell me I can get something to eat?
—Sure. There's a restaurant down the street.
2. —Can you tell me Tom didn't turn off the lights when he left the classroom?
—Sorry,I don't know.
3. —Excuse me,could you tell me the concert will start?
—At 7 o'clock in the evening.
4. —Do you remember you were doing at 8:00 a. m. yesterday?
—I was helping with housework.
5. —I'm wondering I can buy the air ticket at a low price.
—By booking one through our official app.

1. where 2. why 3. when 4. what 5. how

【分析】本题考查宾语从句中连接词的选择，需结合答语内容判断合适的连接词：第1题答语提到餐厅的位置，对应问地点；第2题答语回应不知道，对应问原因；第3题答语是具体时间，对应问时间；第4题答语是做的具体事情，对应问内容；第5题答语是方式，对应问方法。
【解析】1. 答语说明餐厅的位置，故用where（表地点）；2. 答语回应不清楚，对应问Tom没关灯的原因，故用why（表原因）；3. 答语是具体时间，故用when（表时间）；4. 答语是正在做的事，故用what（表内容）；5. 答语是订票的方式，故用how（表方式）。
【答案】1.where 2.why 3.when 4.what 5.how
【知识点】宾语从句连接词、特殊疑问词用法
【点评】本题围绕宾语从句连接词展开，需结合答语逻辑判断，属于基础题型，侧重考查学生对疑问词功能的掌握。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅱ.按要求完成句子,每空一词。
1. Could you show me how you use the sweeping robot?(改为同义句)
Could you show me use the sweeping robot?
2. Whose notebook is it? Do you know?(合并为一句)
Do you know ?
3. Who will you spend the coming summer holiday with? I wonder.(合并为一句)
I wonder spend the coming summer holiday with.
4. Which movie did you watch last night? Could you tell me?(合并为一句)
Could you tell me which movie last night?

1. how to 2. whose notebook it is
3. who/whom you will 4. you watched

【分析】本题考查英语句型转换，涉及疑问词+不定式结构和宾语从句的合并规则。第1题需将how引导的宾语从句转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构；第2-4题需将两个简单句合并为宾语从句，需注意宾语从句使用陈述语序，同时正确选择引导词和匹配时态。
【解析】1. 原句中how引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构，故填how to；2. 合并为宾语从句时，引导词用whose notebook，宾语从句需用陈述语序，即it is，故填whose notebook it is；3. 引导词用who/whom，宾语从句时态为一般将来时，语序为陈述语序，故填who/whom you will；4. 宾语从句用陈述语序，时态为一般过去时，故填you watched。
【答案】1. how to 2. whose notebook it is 3. who/whom you will 4. you watched
【知识点】疑问词+不定式；宾语从句（陈述语序）
【点评】本题为初中英语基础句型转换题，重点考查疑问词引导的结构转换，需掌握宾语从句的陈述语序规则，难度适中，是学生应熟练掌握的知识点。
【难度系数】0.5

Ⅲ.根据短文内容,在空白处填入一个适当的词。
Mr Jackson lives in a small town. He is kind and he is always friendly to everyone. But he is always forgetful.
Mr Jackson knows 1. his friend works and lives—a farm not far from the market. They often have dinner together and then talk. One day,Mr Jackson was very excited to meet his friend. He began to tell his friend 2. happened recently, not thinking about 3. his friend wanted to listen. Midnight came, then one o'clock, then two—yet Mr Jackson talked on. But by this time his friend was feeling very tired and kept on looking at the clock on the wall. He didn't want to show 4. he was rude, but at last he said, "My dear friend, I don't want to interrupt(打断) you. But you see,it's too late now. I must go to bed." He mentioned 5. early he had to get up for the market.
"Oh, sorry," said Mr Jackson in surprise. "I thought you were at my house."

1. where 2. what 3. whether 4. that 5. how

【分析】
本题为根据短文内容填适当词的题型，核心考查宾语从句引导词的用法。解题时需先分析每个空所在句子的结构，判断从句类型，再结合上下文语境和语法规则选择合适的连接词：第1空需对应地点状语，第2空需对应宾语从句的主语（指事物），第3空需对应“是否”的语义，第4空需对应结构完整的宾语从句引导词，第5空需对应修饰副词的程度词。
【解析】
1. 分析句子结构：此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，结合后文“a farm”（地点），故用where引导从句，表“朋友工作和生活的地点”。
2. 分析句子结构：此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“发生的事情”，故用what引导从句，作从句的主语。
3. 分析句子结构：此处为介词about后的宾语从句，结合语境“不考虑朋友是否想听”，需表“是否”的含义，故用whether引导。
4. 分析句子结构：此处为show后的宾语从句，从句结构完整、不缺成分，故用that引导（that在宾语从句中无实义，仅起连接作用）。
5. 分析句子结构：此处修饰副词early，表“多么早”，需用how引导，构成“how + 副词”的结构，符合语境“他提到自己必须早起的程度”。
【答案】
1. where 2. what 3. whether 4. that 5. how
【知识点】
宾语从句引导词；词汇运用；上下文语境理解
【点评】
本题聚焦初中英语核心语法——宾语从句引导词的运用，要求学生能结合句子结构和语境判断连接词，是基础且高频的题型，需熟练掌握不同引导词的适用场景。
【难度系数】
0.5