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四、(2025·无锡市宜兴期末改编)阅读理解。
Many countries have four seasons each year. What causes these seasons? We get our warmth from the sun. The earth takes one year to go around the sun. It is always tilted(倾斜的) to one side. When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer and it is winter in the south. The in-between times are spring and autumn.
In some parts of the world, the weather is always hot, and winter never comes. These are the countries around the equator(赤道). Do you know anything about the equator? It is a line drawn around the middle of a globe of the earth. It is halfway between the two poles.
What affects temperature?
Temperatures get colder the higher you go. If you climbed a mountain, you would be much colder than if you were at sea level. For every 1,000 metres we climb, the temperature drops about $6°\mathrm{C}$.
Even mountains in very hot parts of the world may have snow or ice on them all year round. Tanzania is a country in Africa that lies on the equator. Mt Kilimanjaro is its highest mountain at about 5,900 metres high and it has some ice on the top right through the year—though not as much as it used to have.
Does the time of day affect the temperature? Yes. In the middle of the day, it is usually warmer because the sun is more directly overhead. In the morning and again in the evening, it is often cooler than in the middle of the day. It is because the sun is lower in the sky and the slanting(倾斜的) rays have to go through more atmosphere. Atmosphere is important to living things on the earth. Without the atmosphere, it would be burning hot every day and freezing cold every night.
During the day, the atmosphere is like a filter. It keeps the hottest rays of the sun from reaching the earth. At night, the atmosphere is like a blanket. It traps the heat radiated from the earth, preventing it from escaping into space too quickly.
1. Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from?
A. Health.
B. Fashion.
C. Culture.
D. Science.
2. 新考法 单词回填 Which word is the most suitable for “
A. High
B. Low
C. Daily
D. Different
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. It doesn't have any ice on the top of mountains in Africa.
B. Countries around the equator only have one season, cold winter.
C. When the South Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part has winter.
D. If the temperature at sea level is $20°\mathrm{C}$, it is $15°\mathrm{C}$ in a place which is 3,000 metres above.
Many countries have four seasons each year. What causes these seasons? We get our warmth from the sun. The earth takes one year to go around the sun. It is always tilted(倾斜的) to one side. When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer and it is winter in the south. The in-between times are spring and autumn.
In some parts of the world, the weather is always hot, and winter never comes. These are the countries around the equator(赤道). Do you know anything about the equator? It is a line drawn around the middle of a globe of the earth. It is halfway between the two poles.
What affects temperature?
Temperatures get colder the higher you go. If you climbed a mountain, you would be much colder than if you were at sea level. For every 1,000 metres we climb, the temperature drops about $6°\mathrm{C}$.
Even mountains in very hot parts of the world may have snow or ice on them all year round. Tanzania is a country in Africa that lies on the equator. Mt Kilimanjaro is its highest mountain at about 5,900 metres high and it has some ice on the top right through the year—though not as much as it used to have.
Daily
temperaturesDoes the time of day affect the temperature? Yes. In the middle of the day, it is usually warmer because the sun is more directly overhead. In the morning and again in the evening, it is often cooler than in the middle of the day. It is because the sun is lower in the sky and the slanting(倾斜的) rays have to go through more atmosphere. Atmosphere is important to living things on the earth. Without the atmosphere, it would be burning hot every day and freezing cold every night.
During the day, the atmosphere is like a filter. It keeps the hottest rays of the sun from reaching the earth. At night, the atmosphere is like a blanket. It traps the heat radiated from the earth, preventing it from escaping into space too quickly.
1. Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from?
A. Health.
B. Fashion.
C. Culture.
D. Science.
2. 新考法 单词回填 Which word is the most suitable for “
C
”?A. High
B. Low
C. Daily
D. Different
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. It doesn't have any ice on the top of mountains in Africa.
B. Countries around the equator only have one season, cold winter.
C. When the South Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part has winter.
D. If the temperature at sea level is $20°\mathrm{C}$, it is $15°\mathrm{C}$ in a place which is 3,000 metres above.
答案
1. D 【解析】通读全文可知，本文主要从科学的角度介绍了关于季节的形成、地球温度的变化和大气层等知识，因此本文最有可能选自杂志的“科学”版块。
2. C 【解析】根据倒数第二段的主旨句“Does the time of day affect the temperature?”可知，本段主要介绍一天中不同时段温度的变化，C项意为“每天的”，适合放在空处。
3. C 【解析】根据第一段中“When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer and it is winter in the south.”可知，当北极向太阳倾斜时，北半球是夏季，南半球是冬季。由此可推知，当南极向太阳倾斜时，北半球是冬季，南半球是夏季。
2. C 【解析】根据倒数第二段的主旨句“Does the time of day affect the temperature?”可知，本段主要介绍一天中不同时段温度的变化，C项意为“每天的”，适合放在空处。
3. C 【解析】根据第一段中“When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part of the world has summer and it is winter in the south.”可知，当北极向太阳倾斜时，北半球是夏季，南半球是冬季。由此可推知，当南极向太阳倾斜时，北半球是冬季，南半球是夏季。
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含主旨大意、词义猜测、细节理解三类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题需判断文章出处，通读全文明确文章核心内容是科学知识，对应杂志版块；
2. 第2题是单词回填，需结合空后段落主旨（一天中不同时段的温度变化）选择合适的词；
3. 第3题是细节理解，需逐一将选项与原文信息对比，判断对错。
【解析】
1. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章介绍了季节形成的原因、影响温度的因素（海拔、时间、大气层）等科学知识，因此最可能选自杂志的“科学”版块，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：空后段落围绕“一天中不同时段对温度的影响”展开，“Daily”意为“每日的”，契合段落主旨，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：
A项：根据原文“Mt Kilimanjaro... has some ice on the top right through the year”可知，非洲的乞力马扎罗山顶有冰，A错误；
B项：根据原文“Countries around the equator... the weather is always hot, and winter never comes”可知，赤道附近没有冬天，B错误；
C项：根据原文“When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part... has summer and it is winter in the south”可推知，当南极向太阳倾斜时，北半球为冬季，C正确；
D项：根据原文“For every 1,000 metres we climb, the temperature drops about 6°C”，海拔3000米应下降18°C，若海平面温度为20°C，该地温度为2°C，D错误。故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、主旨大意、细节理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解常规题型，涵盖主旨大意、词义猜测和细节理解考点，要求学生准确提取原文信息并分析选项，难度适中，适合中等水平学生作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含主旨大意、词义猜测、细节理解三类题型。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题需判断文章出处，通读全文明确文章核心内容是科学知识，对应杂志版块；
2. 第2题是单词回填，需结合空后段落主旨（一天中不同时段的温度变化）选择合适的词；
3. 第3题是细节理解，需逐一将选项与原文信息对比，判断对错。
【解析】
1. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章介绍了季节形成的原因、影响温度的因素（海拔、时间、大气层）等科学知识，因此最可能选自杂志的“科学”版块，故选D。
2. 词义猜测题：空后段落围绕“一天中不同时段对温度的影响”展开，“Daily”意为“每日的”，契合段落主旨，故选C。
3. 细节理解题：
A项：根据原文“Mt Kilimanjaro... has some ice on the top right through the year”可知，非洲的乞力马扎罗山顶有冰，A错误；
B项：根据原文“Countries around the equator... the weather is always hot, and winter never comes”可知，赤道附近没有冬天，B错误；
C项：根据原文“When the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern part... has summer and it is winter in the south”可推知，当南极向太阳倾斜时，北半球为冬季，C正确；
D项：根据原文“For every 1,000 metres we climb, the temperature drops about 6°C”，海拔3000米应下降18°C，若海平面温度为20°C，该地温度为2°C，D错误。故选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、主旨大意、细节理解
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解常规题型，涵盖主旨大意、词义猜测和细节理解考点，要求学生准确提取原文信息并分析选项，难度适中，适合中等水平学生作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
