一、话题词汇
1. 生态系统
2. 气候
3. 起作用；行动；扮演
4. 伤害；损害
5. 知识
6. 环境的
7. 导致

1. ecosystem
2. climate
3. act
4. harm
5. knowledge
6. environmental
7. lead to

【分析】
本题为英语基础话题词汇的汉译英题型，解题时需结合中文释义，准确匹配对应的英语单词或固定短语，注意词汇的词性和常用搭配，确保答案符合英语的标准表达。
【解析】
1. “生态系统”对应的英语名词为ecosystem；
2. “气候”对应的英语名词为climate；
3. 表示“起作用；行动；扮演”的英语动词为act；
4. “伤害；损害”对应的英语名词/动词为harm；
5. “知识”对应的英语名词为knowledge；
6. “环境的”对应的英语形容词为environmental；
7. “导致”对应的英语固定短语为lead to。
【答案】
1. ecosystem
2. climate
3. act
4. harm
5. knowledge
6. environmental
7. lead to
【知识点】
英语词汇（汉译英）、常用英语短语
【点评】
本题考查生态、环境相关的基础话题词汇，属于英语学习中的核心基础内容，要求学生准确记忆词汇的英汉对应关系，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、佳句仿写
8.【教材原句】Each ecosystem has a role to play and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. ( have a role to play )
→仿写:每个人在湿地保护中都能发挥作用。

9.【教材原句】Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. ( make up )
→仿写:像不乱扔垃圾这样的小行动构成了保护海洋的大作为。

8. Everyone has a role to play in wetland protection.
9. Small actions like not littering make up big efforts to protect the ocean.

【分析】本题要求使用指定短语“have a role to play”和“make up”，结合中文语义进行英语句子仿写。需准确匹配中文含义，注意短语的正确搭配（如“在……中”用介词in，“像……这样”用like，“构成”后接对应名词短语），确保句子语法正确。
【解析】8. 对应中文“每个人在湿地保护中都能发挥作用”，使用短语have a role to play，译为Everyone has a role to play in wetland protection；9. 对应中文“像不乱扔垃圾这样的小行动构成了保护海洋的大作为”，使用短语make up，译为Small actions like not littering make up big efforts to protect the ocean。
【答案】8. Everyone has a role to play in wetland protection.
9. Small actions like not littering make up big efforts to protect the ocean.
【知识点】英语短语运用、句子仿写
【点评】本题考查对教材指定短语的掌握及基础仿写能力，紧扣教材知识点，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7

10.【教材原句】It is meaningful to join an environmental group and work as a volunteer. (It is + adj. + to...)
→仿写:每年种树来保护森林是有意义的。

10. It is meaningful to plant trees every year to protect the forest.

【分析】
首先明确仿写要求使用“It is + adj. + to do sth.”的句型，其中形容词对应“有意义的”（meaningful），动作部分为“每年种树”（plant trees every year），目的状语用不定式“to protect the forest”（来保护森林），按照句型结构组合即可。
【解析】
1. 确定句型框架：It is + 形容词 + to do sth.；
2. 选择对应形容词：“有意义的”译为meaningful；
3. 补充动作及时间状语：“每年种树”译为plant trees every year；
4. 添加目的状语：用不定式to protect the forest表达“来保护森林”，最终组合成完整句子。
【答案】
It is meaningful to plant trees every year to protect the forest.
【知识点】
It作形式主语的句型；动词不定式作目的状语；汉译英仿写
【点评】
本题为基础句型仿写题，需准确掌握“It is + adj. + to do sth.”的结构，注意目的状语的表达形式，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.3

美丽的草原对地球生态很重要,请你以“Protecting the Grasslands”为题,根据下面的提示写一篇80词左右的短文(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
提示:(1)草原的重要性(至少两点);
(2)人类活动对草原的危害;
(3)保护草原的措施。
参考词汇:graze 吃草
Protecting the Grasslands
Grasslands are important.

They provide good places for many animals to graze, and they can also prevent soil loss and reduce sandstorms to keep the balance of the ecosystem. However, too much human activity does great harm to grasslands: people overgraze cattle and even turn grasslands into farmland, making grasslands smaller and a lot of land turn to desert.
To solve this problem, we should control the number of grazing animals, plant more grass, and call on more people to protect grasslands. Small actions can make a big difference.

【分析】
本题要求以“Protecting the Grasslands”为题写80词左右的短文，需涵盖三个核心要点：草原的重要性、人类活动对草原的危害、保护草原的措施，且开头已给出。写作时需紧扣提示，运用参考词汇“graze”，先阐述草原的两点重要作用，再说明人类的不当活动带来的破坏，最后提出具体保护措施，确保内容连贯、符合词数要求。
【解析】
结合题目提示与参考词汇，组织符合要求的短文内容如下：
They provide good places for many animals to graze, and they can also prevent soil loss and reduce sandstorms to keep the balance of the ecosystem. However, too much human activity does great harm to grasslands: people overgraze cattle and even turn grasslands into farmland, making grasslands smaller and a lot of land turn to desert. To solve this problem, we should control the number of grazing animals, plant more grass, and call on more people to protect grasslands. Small actions can make a big difference.
【答案】
They provide good places for many animals to graze, and they can also prevent soil loss and reduce sandstorms to keep the balance of the ecosystem. However, too much human activity does great harm to grasslands: people overgraze cattle and even turn grasslands into farmland, making grasslands smaller and a lot of land turn to desert. To solve this problem, we should control the number of grazing animals, plant more grass, and call on more people to protect grasslands. Small actions can make a big difference.
【知识点】
英语应用文写作、话题类短文写作
【点评】
本文紧扣主题，完整覆盖所有提示要点，语言简洁流畅，结构清晰，逻辑连贯，符合词数要求，是一篇符合题目要求的优秀短文。
【难度系数】
0.6

第2步 列提纲
本文适宜采用的作文结构为“总—分—总”。
结构
开头：草原对动物和生态的重要性
Many animals live there...
Without grasslands, soil might be washed away...
中间：人类活动的影响、保护措施

Now people are hurting grasslands...
To save the grasslands, our government makes rules...
结尾：书写结语，发出呼吁
Let’s do something...

参考范文：
Grasslands are one of the most important parts of our natural ecosystem.
Many different wild animals live there, so grasslands are their perfect home. Grass roots can hold the soil tightly, so without grasslands, lots of soil might be washed away by heavy rain easily, and more land will turn into dry deserts.
Now people are hurting grasslands in different ways. Some farmers raise too many sheep and cows on the grasslands, and some people dig up grassland to grow crops. More and more grasslands are becoming smaller and the land is getting sandier. To save the grasslands, our government makes rules to control the number of farm animals on grasslands, and also builds many special reserves to help grasslands grow back well.
Grasslands are our precious natural treasure. Let's do something small to protect grasslands from now on, and we can make our earth more beautiful together.

【分析】本题要求以“草原保护”为话题，采用“总—分—总”结构完成作文。解题思路为：先明确文章框架，开头总述草原对动物和生态的重要性，中间分述人类活动对草原的破坏及政府的保护措施，结尾总结并发出保护呼吁；写作时需紧扣各部分要点，保证语言通顺、逻辑清晰。
【解析】按照“总—分—总”结构展开写作：1. 开头总起：点明草原是自然生态的重要组成部分，说明草原是野生动物的栖息地，且草根能固定土壤防止流失；2. 中间部分：先阐述人类破坏草原的具体行为（过度放牧、开垦种庄稼），再说明政府的保护措施（控制牲畜数量、建立草原保护区）；3. 结尾：总结草原是珍贵的自然宝藏，号召大家从小事做起保护草原。
【答案】参考范文：Grasslands are one of the most important parts of our natural ecosystem. Many different wild animals live there, so grasslands are their perfect home. Grass roots can hold the soil tightly, so without grasslands, lots of soil might be washed away by heavy rain easily, and more land will turn into dry deserts. Now people are hurting grasslands in different ways. Some farmers raise too many sheep and cows on the grasslands, and some people dig up grassland to grow crops. More and more grasslands are becoming smaller and the land is getting sandier. To save the grasslands, our government makes rules to control the number of farm animals on grasslands, and also builds many special reserves to help grasslands grow back well. Grasslands are our precious natural treasure. Let's do something small to protect grasslands from now on, and we can make our earth more beautiful together.
【知识点】英语应用文写作、总—分—总结构、环境保护话题
【点评】范文严格遵循题目要求的“总—分—总”结构，内容完整，逻辑连贯，既涵盖草原的重要性，又点明人类的破坏行为与保护措施，最后发出呼吁，语言准确流畅，符合英语写作规范。
【难度系数】0.4