一、完形填空
体裁：说明文 主题：语言与文化 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/15
新素养·语言能力 Do you remember the useful sentences like “It's a piece of cake” or “It serves you right” in English learning? They carry more 1 than the words themselves. In Chinese culture, we also have lots of similar useful 2 like “drinking ink” and “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”.
“Drinking ink” is a common phrase that shows a person is 3. Is there anyone who really drinks ink? It could be 4 in Chinese history. During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who 5 very badly in the exam would be punished(惩罚) by drinking one litre of ink. Even if they were found to have 6 handwriting or make up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink. The 7 was accepted by the following dynasties. Nowadays, this phrase is 8 used to describe(描述) people's ways of receiving education or their level of education. For example, “drinking foreign ink” means one has studied overseas. “Drinking little ink” means a 9 level of education.
“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold” means that an inch of time has the same 10 as an inch of gold. It is also the first half of a saying, “An inch of time is worth an inch of gold, but an inch of time cannot be 11 with an inch of gold”. In ancient times, time was measured(测量) by inches 12 people used the sundial(日晷) as a time-keeping tool. It is made of a flat and round plate on which time degrees are shown. As the sun moves from 13 to setting, the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long. This is how the sundial 14 time.
Language cannot be separated from culture. Language learning can help us better 15 the cultures behind the countries and communicate more with people from different countries.
1. A. secrets B. symbols C. meanings D. matters ＞＞ 生活常识
2. A. expressions B. suggestions C. sentences D. messages
3. A. exchanged B. educated C. remembered D. recorded
4. A. dangerous B. usual C. true D. easy
5. A. acted B. planned C. guessed D. prepared
6. A. different B. special C. fast D. poor
7. A. idea B. rule C. course D. pattern
8. A. quietly B. quickly C. popularly D. possibly ＞＞ 生活常识
9. A. low B. basic C. fresh D. perfect ＞＞ 生活常识
10. A. size B. value C. shape D. length
11. A. provided B. carried C. matched D. bought ＞＞ 生活常识
12. A. though B. because C. but D. so
13. A. rising B. lifting C. growing D. appearing
14. A. makes B. kills C. beats D. tells
15. A. change B. improve C. understand D. experience

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过中文习语“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”讲述了语言背后的文化故事。
1. C 根据上文“It's a piece of cake”和“It serves you right”并结合文化常识可知，“小菜一碟”和“你活该”所承载的意义远不止于字面本身。故选C。
2. A 根据空后“drinking ink”和“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”可知“喝墨水”和“一寸光阴一寸金”是中文习语表达。故选A。
3. B 根据下文“Nowadays, this phrase is 8 used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education.”可知“喝墨水”现在用来描述人们接受教育的方式或教育水平，由此可知“喝墨水”表示一个人受过教育。故选B。
4. C 根据下文“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who 5 very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking one litre of ink.”可知北齐时期在考试中表现很差的人会被惩罚喝一升墨水，由此可知在中国历史上人喝墨水可能是真的。故选C。
5. A 根据空后“very badly in the exam”可知此处指在考试中表现很差。故选A。
6. D 根据上文“those who 5 very badly in the exam would be punished by drinking one litre of ink”和空后“make up something terrible, they would be taken into a special room to drink ink”可知在考试中表现很差的人会被惩罚喝一升墨水，字迹很差或胡编乱造的人也会被惩罚。故选D。
7. B 根据上文“During the Northern Qi Dynasty, those who 5 very badly in the exam ... they would be taken into a special room to drink ink.”可知在考试中表现很差、字迹很差或胡编乱造的人会被惩罚，这些是规则。故选B。
8. C 根据空后“used to describe people's ways of receiving education or their level of education”并结合常识可知，“喝墨水”现在被广泛用来描述人们的受教育方式或教育水平。故选C。
9. A 根据空前“Drinking little ink”并结合文化常识可知喝墨水少意味着教育水平低。故选A。
10. B 根据空前“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”可知“一寸光阴一寸金”表示一寸光阴和一寸黄金有相同的价值。故选B。
11. D 根据语境“It is also the first half of a saying，‘An inch of time is worth an inch of gold，but an inch of time cannot be 11 with an inch of gold’.”并结合文化常识可知，此处指谚语“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴”。故选D。
12. B 空前“In ancient times，time was measured by inches”和空后“people used the sundial as a time-keeping tool”是因果关系，前果后因。故选B。
13. A 根据空后“the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long”可知随着太阳从升起到落下，指时针影子的长度从长变短，再从短变长。故选A。
14. D 根据上文“As the sun moves from 13 to setting，the length of the gnomon's shadow changes from long to short and short to long.”可知随着太阳从升起到落下，指时针影子的长度从长变短，再从短变长，此处描述日晷如何报时。故选D。
15. C 根据空后“the cultures behind the countries”并结合文章内容可知，语言学习可以帮助我们更好地理解文化。故选C。

【分析】
这是一篇围绕语言与文化展开的说明文完形填空，解题需遵循“先通览主旨，再逐空结合语境、词义、文化常识分析，最后核对逻辑”的思路：1. 通读全文把握核心（语言与文化的关联）；2. 针对每个空，结合前后文逻辑关系、词汇含义、固定搭配及文化常识确定选项；3. 复查全文确保语义连贯、逻辑通顺。
【解析】
1. 选C：根据上文列举的英语习语及文化常识，这类习语承载的意义远超字面本身，meanings符合语境。
2. 选A：空后“喝墨水”“一寸光阴一寸金”是中文习语表达，expressions对应“习语、表达”的含义。
3. 选B：下文提到“该习语用于描述受教育方式或水平”，可知“喝墨水”表示一个人受过教育，educated符合。
4. 选C：下文北齐的例子说明中国历史上确实存在因考试差等情况惩罚人喝墨水的情况，true符合语境。
5. 选A：“在考试中表现差”是固定表达，acted badly in the exam符合搭配。
6. 选D：与前文“考试表现差”并列，字迹差（poor handwriting）会受罚，poor符合。
7. 选B：北齐针对考试差、字迹差等的惩罚规则被后续朝代接受，rule符合。
8. 选C：结合常识，“喝墨水”现在被广泛用于描述教育相关情况，popularly符合。
9. 选A：“喝墨水少”对应教育水平低，low符合文化常识。
10. 选B：“一寸光阴一寸金”体现时间与黄金价值相同，value符合。
11. 选D：对应谚语“一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴”，bought符合语境。
12. 选B：古代用英寸计时是因为使用日晷，前果后因，用because连接。
13. 选A：太阳从升起（rising）到落下（setting），符合日晷计时的原理。
14. 选D：日晷通过影子变化报时，tells time符合表达。
15. 选C：结合文章主旨，语言学习帮助理解文化，understand符合。
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C
【知识点】完形填空、语言文化常识、词汇辨析
【点评】本文通过中英文习语的例子，考查学生的语境理解、词汇运用及文化常识积累，兼具知识性与实用性，需结合上下文逻辑和文化背景解题。
【难度系数】0.5