一、词汇运用
1. Don't run (到另一侧) your classmates in the school hallway. It's against the rules.
2. Do you find it rude to (挤开) others to get a seat?
3. My grandparents (拥有) a small farm in the countryside where they grow vegetables.
4. He (欺骗) his deskmate to get the last chance in the robotics competition training.
5. Talking (loud) in the school dining hall or a restaurant is not good manners.
6. We have a weekly class (discuss) about how to use learning apps properly and effectively.
7. We need to (full) understand the proper way to ask questions and give feedback politely.
8. At the community picnic, everyone brought something and the sweet (pear) Amy brought were the most popular.

1. past
2. push
3. own
4. cheated
5. loudly
6. discussion
7. fully
8. pears

【分析】
这道题是初中英语典型的词汇运用题型，分为两类考点：一类是根据中文提示填写正确英文单词，另一类是根据所给单词变换适当形式填空。解题时首先要先分析每个空格在句子中充当的成分，先判断所需的词性，再结合给出的中文提示/基础词的词性变换规则，同时还要兼顾句子的时态、主谓一致、固定搭配等细节，最后代入句子验证语义是否通顺，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：不要在学校走廊里从同学身旁跑到另一侧，这是违反规定的。此处需要填入介词和空前的run构成固定搭配run past，表达“从……旁边经过、跑到另一侧”的含义，完全匹配中文提示，故填past。
2. 句意：你觉得挤开别人抢占座位是粗鲁的行为吗？此处是固定结构it is + 形容词 + to do sth.，空格前有不定式符号to，需要填入动词原形，push表示“推挤、挤开”，符合语义，故填push。
3. 句意：我的祖父母在乡下拥有一个小农场，他们在那里种蔬菜。句子描述的是长期存在的常态，用一般现在时，主语My grandparents是复数，谓语动词用原形，own表示“拥有”，符合提示，故填own。
4. 句意：他为了拿到机器人竞赛训练的最后一个机会，欺骗了他的同桌。“欺骗”这个动作已经发生在过去，要用一般过去时，cheat的过去式为cheated，故填cheated。
5. 句意：在学校食堂或者餐馆大声交谈是不礼貌的行为。空格用于修饰动词Talking，副词才能修饰动词，给出的形容词loud要变为副词形式loudly，故填loudly。
6. 句意：我们每周会开展一次关于如何合理高效使用学习类APP的班级讨论。空格前有形容词class修饰，需要填入名词，动词discuss对应的名词形式是discussion，class discussion表示“班级讨论”，故填discussion。
7. 句意：我们需要充分理解礼貌提问、给出反馈的正确方式。空格用于修饰动词understand，需要用副词，形容词full对应的副词形式是fully，故填fully。
8. 句意：在社区野餐活动上，每个人都带了食物，Amy带的甜梨是最受欢迎的。空格后的be动词是were，说明主语是复数，可数名词pear要变为复数形式pears，故填pears。
【答案】
1. past
2. push
3. own
4. cheated
5. loudly
6. discussion
7. fully
8. pears
【知识点】
介词固定搭配，词形转换，动词时态
【点评】
本题属于基础类词汇考察题，既考察课标要求的核心单词识记，又融入了词性判断、主谓一致等基础语法点，易错点集中在第4题容易忽略过去语境填成动词原形cheat，第8题容易忽略后面were的提示填单数pear，做题时多留意句中的隐藏提示信息就能避免丢分。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、动词填空
1. So far, half of my classmates (finish) the survey on how to communicate politely and respectfully in online classes.
2. Parents must be patient enough (talk) with kids about their social media use.
3. You can't go wrong with (make) a habit of saying "please," "thank you," and "excuse me" sincerely.
4. Our monitor (organize) the class meeting about "cyber manners" at the moment.
5. He was too shy (say) "thank you" loudly, so he wrote a note instead.
6. Nobody knows what he (do) when the online class started without him.
7. They both (record) funny moments during the class trip to the science museum.
8. Would you please (not post) the group photo online without asking others?

1. have finished
2. to talk
3. making
4. is organizing
5. to say
6. was doing
7. recorded
8. not post

【分析】
做这类动词填空题，我们可以按两步思路解题：第一步先判断括号内的动词在句中是作谓语还是非谓语：如果句中缺少对应的谓语成分，就先寻找句中的时间标志词，结合主语的人称单复数判断对应的时态、语态形式；如果句子已有完整谓语，就结合固定搭配、介词用法等规则判断非谓语的正确形式。逐个对应每道题的提示信息，就能快速推导正确答案。
【解析】
我们逐题推导：
1. 句中出现时间标志词"So far（到目前为止）"，是现在完成时的典型标志，主语half of my classmates是复数概念，因此助动词用have，后接finish的过去分词finished，填have finished。
2. 本题符合固定结构"be + 形容词 + enough to do sth"，含义是"足够…去做某事"，因此填不定式to talk。
3. 空格前是介词with，介词后接动词时需要使用动名词形式，因此make变为making。
4. 句中出现时间标志词"at the moment（此刻，现在）"，是现在进行时的典型标志，主语Our monitor是第三人称单数，be动词用is，后接organize的现在分词organizing，填is organizing。
5. 本题符合固定搭配"too...to..."，含义是"太…而不能…"，结构中to后接动词原形，因此填to say。
6. 句中when引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时"started"，语境表示"当网课没等他就开始的时候，他正在做什么"，强调过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是he，因此填was doing。
7. 句中描述的是过去班级去科技馆研学旅行期间发生的事，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，record的过去式是recorded。
8. 本题符合固定句型"Would you please (not) do sth"，表示委婉请求，结构中要接动词原形，否定形式直接在动词原形前加not，因此填not post。
【答案】
1. have finished
2. to talk
3. making
4. is organizing
5. to say
6. was doing
7. recorded
8. not post
【知识点】
动词时态辨析，非谓语动词用法，固定句型搭配
【点评】
本题覆盖了初中阶段动词考察的核心基础考点，既包含了现在完成时、现在进行时等常见时态的标志词识别，也考察了高频的非谓语固定搭配，整体考点偏向基础，学生只要能准确区分谓语和非谓语，熟记常见固定结构和时态标志，就能顺利完成作答，少数易错点集中在过去进行时的语境判断、介词后接动名词的规则上。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、同义句转换 (too ... to ... 与 enough to ... 结构专练)
1. The tourist was so polite that he always kept his voice down in the museum.
The tourist was always his voice down in the museum.
2. The child isn't very patient, so he can't wait for his turn quietly.
The child isn't for his turn quietly.
3. She was very honest and kept the lost wallet for its owner.
She was the lost wallet for its owner.
4. There are too many rules, so visitors cannot remember them all at once.
There are for visitors them all at once.
5. The line at the bank isn't short enough for the impatient customers to wait in.
The line at the bank is for the impatient customers in.
6. The background music in the restaurant is so loud that we can't have a conversation.
The background music in the restaurant is a conversation.

1. polite enough to; keep
2. patient enough to wait
3. honest enough to keep
4. too many rules; to remember
5. too long; to wait
6. too loud for us to have

【分析】
这是一道针对too...to...和enough to...结构的专项同义转换题，解题思路如下：第一步先判断原句的语义是肯定还是否定，对应匹配目标结构：如果原句是表肯定逻辑的"so+形容词+that"结果状语从句，就转换为"形容词+enough to do"结构，表达"足够…去做某事"的含义；如果原句表否定逻辑，表达"太…而不能做某事"，就使用too...to...结构，注意部分否定转换需要把原句的形容词替换为对应的反义表述，比如"不够短"等价于"太长"；第二步核对不定式后的动词形式，要和原句的核心动作保持一致，不要遗漏结构里的必要成分，确保转换后语义完全和原句对等。
【解析】
1. 原句是so polite that引导的肯定结果状语从句，符合"adj+enough to do"结构，因此依次填入polite enough to，不定式后接动词原形keep，对应原句"压低声音"的动作。
2. 原句语义为孩子不够有耐心，无法安静等待轮到自己，对应"not+adj+enough to do"结构，填入patient enough to wait，匹配原句"等待"的动作。
3. 原句语义为她很诚实，为失主保管捡到的钱包，用肯定含义的enough to结构，填入honest enough to keep，对应原句"保管钱包"的动作。
4. 原句语义为规则太多，游客无法立刻全部记住，符合"too many+可数名词复数+for sb to do"的结构，依次填入too many rules和to remember。
5. 原句"队伍不够短，没耐心的顾客没法等候"，同义转换为"队伍太长，顾客无法等候"，用too...to...结构，填入too long和to wait。
6. 原句语义为餐厅背景音乐太吵，我们没法交谈，符合"too+adj+for sb to do"结构，填入too loud for us to have。
【答案】
1. polite enough to; keep
2. patient enough to wait
3. honest enough to keep
4. too many rules; to remember
5. too long; to wait
6. too loud for us to have
【知识点】
enough to结构，too...to结构，同义句转换
【点评】
本题是两类不定式固定结构的针对性专项训练，核心考查学生对so...that、too...to、enough to三类句式的互换规则的掌握，尤其需要注意否定转换场景下形容词的反义替换，避免出现语义偏差，帮助学生夯实不定式特殊搭配的用法，减少结构漏词、搭配错误的问题。
【难度系数】
0.7