一、词汇运用
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语,并用其适当形式填空,每个单词或短语只能用一次。
wide,professor,by hand,science,get married to,
discover,know,pride,invent,out of control
1. A light bulb in 1879.
2. Now Daniel's father is one of the youngest in his university.
3. The new will contribute to all humanity.
4. Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops .
5. Since English is used all over the world, we students had better try our best to learn it well.
6. The found out the truth by doing a lot of experiments.
7. The woman a German soldier in 1992 and spent the rest of her life in Germany.
8. The children have been completely since their father left.
9. If something is to you, you have no knowledge of it.
10. We are of Neil Armstrong's excellent service to humans' aerospace area all the time.

1. was invented
2. professors
3. discovery
4. by hand
5. widely
6. scientist
7. got married to
8. out of control
9. unknown
10. proud

1. "A light bulb"与"invent"是被动关系，时间状语"in 1879"提示用一般过去时的被动语态，填"was invented"。
2. "one of the youngest"后接名词复数，"professor"的复数是"professors"。
3. 形容词"new"后接名词，"discover"的名词形式是"discovery"。
4. "by hand"表示"用手"，符合"种植和收割庄稼"的方式。
5. 修饰动词"used"用副词，"wide"的副词是"widely"。
6. 定冠词"The"后接名词，"science"的名词形式"scientist"表示"科学家"。
7. "in 1992"提示用一般过去时，"get married to"的过去式是"got married to"。
8. "be out of control"表示"失控"，符合语境。
9. "be unknown to"表示"为……所不知"，符合句意。
10. "be proud of"表示"为……自豪"，是固定搭配。

() 1.Many cities in China are ______ garbage classification to make the country greener.
A.pushing in
B.leaving for
C.putting up
D.pushing for

D

本题主要考查动词短语辨析。A选项“pushing in”意为“推进，闯入”，不符合语境；B选项“leaving for”意为“动身去某地”，与题意不符；C选项“putting up”意为“张贴，搭建”，也不符合题意；D选项“pushing for”意为“努力推动，力争”，代入题干表示“中国许多城市正在努力推动垃圾分类以使国家更绿色”，符合语境。

( ) 2.She for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
A.married
B.has been married
C.got married
D.has got married

B

本题考查动词时态。题干中“for ten years”表示一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用，且谓语动词需用延续性动词。选项A“married”为一般过去时，选项C“got married”也为一般过去时，均不符合。选项D“has got married”中“got married”是非延续性动词短语，不能与一段时间连用。选项B“has been married”为现在完成时，且“been married”表示状态，可以延续，符合题意。

() 3.She ______ a pretty present yesterday, but she didn't ______ it.
A.received；accept
B.accepted；receive
C.received；receive
D.accepted；accept

A

第一空，yesterday表明用过去式，"收到礼物"用receive；第二空，didn't后接动词原形，"接受礼物"用accept。receive强调客观收到，accept强调主观接受，符合语境。

( ) 4.—Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour.—Because I my task yet. I still need one more hour.
A.haven't finished
B.didn't finish
C.won't finish
D.hadn't finished

A

首先，根据题目中的“yet”可知，该句应使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。其次，根据“I still need one more hour”可知，Lily还没有完成她的任务，所以应使用否定形式。现在完成时的否定形式为“haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”。在本题中，主语为“I”，所以应使用“haven't”。最后，根据选项，只有A选项“haven't finished”符合现在完成时的否定形式。

() 5.It was Marie Curie who ______ radium and ______ X-ray machines.
A.invented；discovered
B.discovered；invented
C.founded；invented
D.discovered；found

B

首先分析选项中的单词意思，“invent”表示发明，即创造出原本不存在的东西；“discover”表示发现，是找到原本就存在但未被知晓的事物；“found”有建立、创办的意思，也可表示找到（过去分词是found，原形是find，但此处作为“找到”意思时过去式和过去分词是不规则变化为found-found-found ），不过在发现新事物语境中不如discover常用；“founded”是“found”作为“建立、创办”意思时的过去式和过去分词形式，不符合本题语境。在“It was Marie Curie who ______ radium and ______ X-ray machines.”这句话中，镭（radium）是自然界中原本就存在的元素，是玛丽·居里发现了它，所以第一个空应填“discovered”；而X光机是原本不存在，被创造出来的机器，所以第二个空应填“invented”。

() 6.With much care, the pilot managed ______ the plane down in the heavy rain.
A.bring
B.bringing
C.to bring
D.brought

C

本题考查动词不定式的用法。在英语中，“manage to do sth.”是一个固定短语，表示“设法做成某事”。根据题目中的语境“在大雨中，飞行员设法将飞机降落下来”，这里需要用到“manage to do”的结构。选项A是动词原形，选项B是动词的现在分词形式，选项D是动词的过去式，都不符合“manage to do”的结构。只有选项C是动词不定式“to bring”，符合“manage to do sth.”的用法。