【例5】用所给词的适当形式填空
A good spends much time in his life. (think)
【答案】thinker；thinking

1. thinker 2. thinking

【分析】首先观察第一个空，句中不定冠词A和形容词good后需接可数名词单数，所给词think是动词，需转换为表示“思想家”的名词形式，即thinker；再看第二个空，考查固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth”，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用think的动名词形式，故填thinking。
【解析】1. 第一空：根据语法结构“A + 形容词 + 可数名词单数”，将动词think转换为名词“思想家”，即thinker；2. 第二空：遵循固定搭配“spend time (in) doing sth”，此处使用think的动名词形式thinking。
【答案】thinker；thinking
【知识点】名词的转换；固定搭配（spend的用法）
【点评】本题考查词性转换与固定搭配的基础运用，需掌握动词变名词的规则及spend的常用搭配，属于基础语法题。
【难度系数】0.4

一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Mozi was a famous (think) and he had many wise ideas.
2. We should work together to create a better future for all (mankind).
3. I will never forget your (kind) to me when I was in need.
4. (social) focuses on fairness and helping everyone in society.
5. She bought (her) a new bag with the money she saved.

1. thinker
2. mankind
3. kindness
4. Socialism
5. herself

【分析】
要解决用所给词的适当形式填空，需结合句子成分、词性要求和语境分析：1. 空格前有形容词famous，需填名词，将动词think转换为表示人的名词；2. mankind是集合名词，无复数形式，直接用原形；3. 形容词性物主代词your后需接名词，将形容词kind转换为名词；4. 空格在句首作主语，需用名词，将形容词social转换为名词；5. 主语是she，动作指向自身，需用反身代词。
【解析】
1. 空格前为形容词famous，修饰名词，所给词think是动词，需转换为表示“思想家”的名词thinker，符合句意“墨子是著名的思想家”。
2. mankind是集合名词，意为“人类”，本身无复数变化，故用原形。
3. 空格前是形容词性物主代词your，后面需接名词，所给词kind是形容词，转换为名词kindness，意为“善意”，符合语境。
4. 空格位于句首作主语，需用名词，所给词social是形容词，转换为名词Socialism，意为“社会主义”，符合“关注公平”的句意。
5. 主语为she，动作的承受者是主语本身，需用反身代词，her的反身代词是herself，意为“她自己”，符合“给自己买包”的语境。
【答案】
1. thinker
2. mankind
3. kindness
4. Socialism
5. herself
【知识点】
名词的形式转换、反身代词的用法、集合名词的用法
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇的适当形式变化，涵盖词性转换、代词用法等基础语法点，注重对词汇变形规则的掌握，是初中英语的基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、用方框中所给短语完成句子
above all, fought against, pay for, find out, in the future
1. I need to who took my pencil case from my desk.
2. How much did you that new T-shirt? It looks cool.
3. To succeed, you need talent and luck, but , hard work.
4. She is studying hard now so that she will have more choices .
5. The soldiers the enemies to protect their country.

1. find out
2. pay for
3. above all
4. in the future
5. fought against

【分析】首先明确题目要求是用方框内的短语完成句子，需先理解每个短语的含义，再结合句子的语义、语法结构（如时态、固定搭配、句子成分）逐一匹配。各短语含义：above all（首先，最重要的是）、fought against（与……作战，对抗，过去式）、pay for（为……付款）、find out（查明，弄清楚）、in the future（在未来）。再逐个分析句子：1. 句子需表达“查明”的意思，且need to后接动词原形，对应find out；2. 句子询问T恤价格，需用“付款”相关短语，助动词did后接原形，对应pay for；3. 句子强调成功的核心条件，需用“最重要的是”的短语，对应above all；4. 句子需要时间状语表达“将来”，对应in the future；5. 句子描述过去士兵的动作，需用过去式的“对抗”短语，对应fought against。
【解析】1. 句意：我需要查明谁拿了我桌上的铅笔盒。find out意为“查明，弄清楚”，符合语境，且“need to do sth”结构中to后接动词原形，故填find out。2. 句意：你为那件新T恤付了多少钱？pay for意为“为……付款”，符合询问物品价格的语境，助动词did后接动词原形，故填pay for。3. 句意：要成功，你需要天赋和运气，但最重要的是，努力工作。above all意为“首先，尤其是，最重要的是”，用于强调核心要素，符合语境，故填above all。4. 句意：她现在努力学习，以便将来有更多选择。in the future意为“在未来”，作时间状语，符合句子逻辑，故填in the future。5. 句意：士兵们与敌人作战来保卫国家。fought against是fight against的过去式，意为“与……作战，对抗”，句子描述过去发生的动作，故填fought against。
【答案】1. find out 2. pay for 3. above all 4. in the future 5. fought against
【知识点】短语辨析，动词短语运用，介词短语运用
【点评】本题考查常用英语短语的词义辨析及语境运用，属于基础题型，要求学生掌握各短语的基本含义，并结合句子的语义、语法规则（如时态、固定搭配）正确选择，难度不大，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6

三、阅读理解
Huang Xuhua, a famous Chinese nuclear submarine(核潜艇) designer, is known for his hard work, creativity and love for our country. His journey from a young boy in a small town to a top scientist in China is truly inspiring.
Huang Xuhua was born in a small town in Guangdong Province. When he was very young, he was always curious about the ocean. He loved reading books and trying small experiments. Huang was especially good at maths. This subject helped him build a strong foundation(基础) for his future career. When he grew older, he wanted to learn medicine
at first under the influence of his parents who were both doctors in his hometown. However, to save China, Huang got into one of China's best universities to study shipbuilding. His university life was not easy, but Huang never gave up. He graduated with excellent grades in the end.
After graduation, Huang joined a research institute(机构) and focused on nuclear submarine design. There he faced many challenges, but he always kept strong-willed and put his shoulder to the wheel with his workmates. His efforts paid off in the end. China's first nuclear-powered submarine was developed and built without any help from other countries. This project was not only a big step in technology but also the key to guarding China's safety. Huang and his team worked day and night, even when things seemed impossible. His dream and love for our country kept him going on.
Huang's work has earned him many honours, including the Medal of the Republic, the highest honour in China. Although Huang achieved success, he remains humble(谦逊的). He often tells young people to stay curious, work hard, and never give up.
Huang Xuhua's story shows us how dreams and resolutions can lead to great achievements. He really sets a good example for all young people.
()1. What was Huang Xuhua interested in when he was young?
A. Medicine. B. Engineering.
C. Computer science. D. Ocean science.
()2. Which of the following words can best describe Huang Xuhua?
A. Curious and strong-willed.
B. Strict and humorous.
C. Shy and creative.
D. Wealthy and famous.
()3. What does the underlined part "put his shoulder to the wheel" mean?
A. Examining the nuclear submarine.
B. Leading the workmates.
C. Resting the body.
D. Sparing no effort.
()4. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Huang Xuhua's family life.
B. Huang Xuhua's honour.
C. Huang Xuhua's work on the nuclear submarine.
D. Huang Xuhua's university life.
()5. What is the structure of the passage?
A. ①/②/③④⑤ B. ①/②③④/⑤
C. ①/②③/④⑤ D. ①②/③④⑤

1. D
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B

【分析】做本文这类人物传记类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对各小题的题型（细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、文章结构），回到原文精准定位相关信息，逐一比对选项排除错误答案，选出正确选项。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“When he was very young, he was always curious about the ocean.”可知，黄旭华年轻时对海洋科学感兴趣，对应选项D。2. 细节理解题：原文第二段提到他“curious”，第三段提到他“strong-willed”，结合选项，A选项符合描述，故选A。3. 词义猜测题：第三段提到他面对诸多挑战，和同事一起努力最终成功，“put his shoulder to the wheel”意为“全力以赴”，对应选项D。4. 主旨大意题：第三段主要讲述黄旭华毕业后专注核潜艇设计、克服困难完成中国首艘核潜艇研发的工作内容，对应选项C。5. 文章结构题：第一段总起介绍黄旭华的事迹；第二段讲他的早年经历，第三、四段讲他的工作与荣誉；第五段总结全文，结构为①/②③④/⑤，对应选项B。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、文章结构
【点评】本文是人物传记类阅读理解，考查学生对文本细节、词义、段落主旨及文章结构的把握能力，题目设置贴合初中英语阅读常见考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5