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七、信息还原。
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days，it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by，most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days，people grew their own food，caught their own fish，and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads，travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
Because factories are built next to rivers to use water power，some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods，and some of them work at power plants which provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while，floodwaters rise higher than a house，ruining(破坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) we eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However，those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Imagine pioneers travelling west in the 1800s. In those days，it was hard to find running water and shops where people could buy things. As time went by，most pioneers had to make their homes near a river so that they could get water easily.
How did rivers help people in the past?
Back in the pioneer days，people grew their own food，caught their own fish，and collected their own water. 1 People also used rivers as roads，travelling on boats. Traders shipped goods(货物) to people from other areas.
2
Because factories are built next to rivers to use water power，some people choose to live nearby for work. They use the river to ship large goods，and some of them work at power plants which provide electricity to homes and businesses. 3
Who wouldn't want to live near a river?
Some people are nervous about living near rivers because rivers can cause floods(洪水). Every once in a while，floodwaters rise higher than a house，ruining(破坏) many things in the house. 4 Such waste causes water to smell bad and pollutes the crops(庄稼) we eat. Water and crops in polluted areas can make people very sick.
How do people decide where to live?
5 Rivers can provide jobs and fun activities in a beautiful place. However，those living by rivers should be willing to accept possible problems as well.
A. Why do people live near rivers now?
B. Some factories put their waste into rivers.
C. Staying close to a river made it easy for people to get water for living.
D. People who carry goods onto ships live near the river too.
E. People should think over the possible risks before deciding where to live.
F. Why did people want to live near a river?
1.
C
2.
A
3.
D
4.
B
5.
E
答案
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类的信息还原题，解题时首先通读全文，梳理出文章的行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，分别介绍了过去河流对人们的作用、现在人们选择临河居住的原因、临河居住的潜在隐患、人们选址居住的考量这几个模块。我们可以逐空结合前后文的内容匹配选项：
1. 第1空所在段落的小标题是“河流在过去如何帮助人们？”，前文提到过去人们要自己收集生活用水，后文补充了河流作为水路的作用，这里需要填入承接“获取生活用水”的内容，对应符合过去场景的描述。
2. 第2空是下一段的主题问句，该段内容全部在解释当代人们选择住在河边的原因，和上一段的“过去的情况”形成时间上的对应，因此要选对应“现在”的问句。
3. 第3空前文提到人们利用河流运输大件货物，部分人在河边的发电厂工作，这里需要填入和河运货物相关的补充描述，承接前文逻辑。
4. 第4空后文提到“这类废物导致水体发臭、污染庄稼”，出现指代Such waste，因此前文必须提到废物的来源，对应相关描述。
5. 第5空所在段落的主题是“人们如何决定居住地点”，后文提到临河居住既有好处也有潜在问题，这里需要填入对应选址前要考虑风险的总结性内容。
【解析】
1. 空处前文提到过去人们需要自己收集生活用水，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”刚好承接前文内容，符合过去河流帮助人们的主题，因此选C。
2. 空处后文全部在解释当代人们选择住在河边的原因，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”作为本段的主题问句，和上一段“过去河流如何帮助人”的内容形成时间线的对应，因此选A。
3. 空处前文提到人们利用河流运输大件货物，D选项“那些把货物运送上船的人也住在河边”承接河运货物的相关内容，逻辑连贯，因此选D。
4. 空处后文的Such waste指代空处提到的污染物，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废弃物排入河流”刚好引出后文的污染危害描述，因此选B。
5. 空处后文提到临河居住既有优势也有潜在问题，E选项“人们在决定居住地点之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”呼应本段“如何选择居住地点”的主题，因此选E。
多余选项F“为什么过去人们想要住在河边？”的内容已经在文章第一段覆盖，不需要填入空白处。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
阅读理解信息还原
上下文逻辑推理
主题句匹配
【点评】
本题围绕“临河居住的相关原因与利弊”展开，行文逻辑清晰，按照过去-现在-隐患-选址建议的顺序排布内容，解题时重点关注段落主题、前后文的指代呼应关系，就能快速排除干扰项匹配正确答案，适合锻炼学生说明文阅读的逻辑梳理能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文类的信息还原题，解题时首先通读全文，梳理出文章的行文逻辑：文章按照时间顺序，分别介绍了过去河流对人们的作用、现在人们选择临河居住的原因、临河居住的潜在隐患、人们选址居住的考量这几个模块。我们可以逐空结合前后文的内容匹配选项：
1. 第1空所在段落的小标题是“河流在过去如何帮助人们？”，前文提到过去人们要自己收集生活用水，后文补充了河流作为水路的作用，这里需要填入承接“获取生活用水”的内容，对应符合过去场景的描述。
2. 第2空是下一段的主题问句，该段内容全部在解释当代人们选择住在河边的原因，和上一段的“过去的情况”形成时间上的对应，因此要选对应“现在”的问句。
3. 第3空前文提到人们利用河流运输大件货物，部分人在河边的发电厂工作，这里需要填入和河运货物相关的补充描述，承接前文逻辑。
4. 第4空后文提到“这类废物导致水体发臭、污染庄稼”，出现指代Such waste，因此前文必须提到废物的来源，对应相关描述。
5. 第5空所在段落的主题是“人们如何决定居住地点”，后文提到临河居住既有好处也有潜在问题，这里需要填入对应选址前要考虑风险的总结性内容。
【解析】
1. 空处前文提到过去人们需要自己收集生活用水，C选项“住在河边让人们很容易获取生活用水”刚好承接前文内容，符合过去河流帮助人们的主题，因此选C。
2. 空处后文全部在解释当代人们选择住在河边的原因，A选项“为什么现在人们住在河边？”作为本段的主题问句，和上一段“过去河流如何帮助人”的内容形成时间线的对应，因此选A。
3. 空处前文提到人们利用河流运输大件货物，D选项“那些把货物运送上船的人也住在河边”承接河运货物的相关内容，逻辑连贯，因此选D。
4. 空处后文的Such waste指代空处提到的污染物，B选项“一些工厂把它们的废弃物排入河流”刚好引出后文的污染危害描述，因此选B。
5. 空处后文提到临河居住既有优势也有潜在问题，E选项“人们在决定居住地点之前应该仔细考虑可能的风险”呼应本段“如何选择居住地点”的主题，因此选E。
多余选项F“为什么过去人们想要住在河边？”的内容已经在文章第一段覆盖，不需要填入空白处。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
【知识点】
阅读理解信息还原
上下文逻辑推理
主题句匹配
【点评】
本题围绕“临河居住的相关原因与利弊”展开，行文逻辑清晰，按照过去-现在-隐患-选址建议的顺序排布内容，解题时重点关注段落主题、前后文的指代呼应关系，就能快速排除干扰项匹配正确答案，适合锻炼学生说明文阅读的逻辑梳理能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
