6. 计算:
(1) $5\frac{2}{3}-[2\frac{1}{2}-(-3\frac{1}{3})÷4]×(-0.2)$;
(2) $[31-(\frac{5}{9}-\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{18})×(-36)]÷(-8)$;
(3) $[2\frac{1}{27}-(\frac{7}{9}-\frac{11}{12}+\frac{1}{6})×12]÷\frac{1}{3}$;
(4) $\vert -5\frac{1}{2}\vert×(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{2})×\frac{3}{11}÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$。
(1) $5\frac{2}{3}-[2\frac{1}{2}-(-3\frac{1}{3})÷4]×(-0.2)$;
(2) $[31-(\frac{5}{9}-\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{18})×(-36)]÷(-8)$;
(3) $[2\frac{1}{27}-(\frac{7}{9}-\frac{11}{12}+\frac{1}{6})×12]÷\frac{1}{3}$;
(4) $\vert -5\frac{1}{2}\vert×(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{2})×\frac{3}{11}÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$。
答案
(1)$6\frac{1}{3}$(2)$-\frac{13}{4}$(3)$5\frac{1}{9}$(4)$-\frac{1}{3}$
解析
(1) $5\frac{2}{3}-[2\frac{1}{2}-(-3\frac{1}{3})÷4]×(-0.2)$
$=\frac{17}{3}-[\frac{5}{2}-(-\frac{10}{3})×\frac{1}{4}]×(-\frac{1}{5})$
$=\frac{17}{3}-[\frac{5}{2}+\frac{5}{6}]×(-\frac{1}{5})$
$=\frac{17}{3}-[\frac{15}{6}+\frac{5}{6}]×(-\frac{1}{5})$
$=\frac{17}{3}-\frac{20}{6}×(-\frac{1}{5})$
$=\frac{17}{3}+\frac{2}{3}$
$=\frac{19}{3}=6\frac{1}{3}$
(2) $[31-(\frac{5}{9}-\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{18})×(-36)]÷(-8)$
$=[31-(\frac{5}{9}×(-36)-\frac{3}{4}×(-36)+\frac{1}{18}×(-36))]÷(-8)$
$=[31-(-20 + 27 - 2)]÷(-8)$
$=[31 - 5]÷(-8)$
$=26÷(-8)=-\frac{13}{4}$
(3) $[2\frac{1}{27}-(\frac{7}{9}-\frac{11}{12}+\frac{1}{6})×12]÷\frac{1}{3}$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-(\frac{7}{9}×12-\frac{11}{12}×12+\frac{1}{6}×12)]×3$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-(\frac{28}{3}-11 + 2)]×3$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-(\frac{28}{3}-9)]×3$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-(\frac{28}{3}-\frac{27}{3})]×3$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-\frac{1}{3}]×3$
$=[\frac{55}{27}-\frac{9}{27}]×3$
$=\frac{46}{27}×3=\frac{46}{9}=5\frac{1}{9}$
(4) $\vert -5\frac{1}{2}\vert×(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{2})×\frac{3}{11}÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$
$=\frac{11}{2}×(-\frac{1}{6})×\frac{3}{11}÷\frac{3}{4}$
$=\frac{11}{2}×(-\frac{1}{6})×\frac{3}{11}×\frac{4}{3}$
$=(\frac{11}{2}×\frac{3}{11})×(-\frac{1}{6}×\frac{4}{3})$
$=\frac{3}{2}×(-\frac{2}{9})=-\frac{1}{3}$
7. 定义一种新运算:$a\otimes b= (a - b)÷(a + b)$。
(1) 求$3\otimes 5$的值;
(2) 求$(1\otimes 3)\otimes (-2)$的值。
(1) 求$3\otimes 5$的值;
(2) 求$(1\otimes 3)\otimes (-2)$的值。
答案
(1)$-\frac{1}{4}$ (2)$-\frac{3}{5}$
解析
(1)$3\otimes 5=(3-5)÷(3+5)=(-2)÷8=-\frac{1}{4}$
(2)$1\otimes 3=(1-3)÷(1+3)=(-2)÷4=-\frac{1}{2}$
$(-\frac{1}{2})\otimes (-2)=(-\frac{1}{2}-(-2))÷(-\frac{1}{2}+(-2))=(\frac{3}{2})÷(-\frac{5}{2})=-\frac{3}{5}$
(2)$1\otimes 3=(1-3)÷(1+3)=(-2)÷4=-\frac{1}{2}$
$(-\frac{1}{2})\otimes (-2)=(-\frac{1}{2}-(-2))÷(-\frac{1}{2}+(-2))=(\frac{3}{2})÷(-\frac{5}{2})=-\frac{3}{5}$
8. 计算:
(1) $(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{3})×(-12)-\vert -2 + 5\vert÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$;
(2) $(1\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12})×(-\frac{8}{7})+(-\frac{7}{8})÷(1\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12})$。
(1) $(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{3})×(-12)-\vert -2 + 5\vert÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$;
(2) $(1\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12})×(-\frac{8}{7})+(-\frac{7}{8})÷(1\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12})$。
答案
(1)$-2$ (2)$-\frac{10}{3}$
解析
(1) $(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{2}{3})×(-12)-\vert -2 + 5\vert÷(1-\frac{1}{4})$
$=\frac{1}{2}×(-12)-\frac{2}{3}×(-12)-3÷\frac{3}{4}$
$=-6 + 8 - 3×\frac{4}{3}$
$=2 - 4$
$=-2$
(2) 设$a=1\frac{3}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12}$,则原式$=a×(-\frac{8}{7})+(-\frac{7}{8})÷a$
$a=\frac{7}{4}-\frac{7}{8}-\frac{7}{12}=7×(\frac{6}{24}-\frac{3}{24}-\frac{2}{24})=7×\frac{1}{24}=\frac{7}{24}$
原式$=\frac{7}{24}×(-\frac{8}{7})+(-\frac{7}{8})÷\frac{7}{24}$
$=-\frac{1}{3}+(-\frac{7}{8})×\frac{24}{7}$
$=-\frac{1}{3}-3$
$=-\frac{10}{3}$
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