五、首字母填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
体裁：说明文
主题：语言与文化
难度：★★★★★
新素养·语言能力 Learning to be polite in a new language can be challenging. Every language has special ways to show good m 1 and knowing how to use these rules can make a big difference.
A s 2 yet effective way to sound more polite in English is through modal verbs like “could”, “would” and “might”. While these verbs often express ability or p 3, they also soften questions and requests. For example, saying “Would you like to join me for dinner?” comes across as much more r 4 than the direct(直接的) “Do you want to have dinner with me?” S 5, “Could you open the window, please?” sounds far gentler than just “Open the window, please.”
Another helpful method is using the passive voice, especially in situations where it might be rude to directly point out someone's m 6. Saying “The litter in the hallway wasn't cleared.” instead of “You left litter in the hallway.” This way, you deal with the issue without o 7 criticizing(批评) someone.
You can also use the past tense to present questions more politely. For example, when you c 8 into a hotel, the waiter might ask “Did you need any help with your luggage(行李)?” T 9 the past tense is usually used to describe things that have already happened, in this case, it's a polite way to ask if you need help with your luggage.
These t 10 will help make your English sound more considerate(体贴的)!
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1. manners 根据下文“These t 10 will help make your English sound more considerate!”可知本文主要介绍了让英语表达更礼貌的方法，由此可知每种语言都有表现礼貌的特殊方法。故填 manners。
2. simple 根据空后“yet effective way to sound more polite in English is through modal verbs”可知使用情态动词是简单而有效的方法。故填 simple。
3. possibility 根据空前“While these verbs often express ability”并结合常识可知，情态动词经常表达能力或可能性。故填 possibility。
4. respectful 根据空前“Would you like to join me for dinner?”和空后“Do you want to have dinner with me?”可知前者比后者直接的表达更尊重。故填 respectful。
5. Similarly 根据空后“‘Could you open the window, please?’ sounds far gentler than just ‘Open the window, please.’”可知此处列举相似的对比，说明使用情态动词让英语表达更礼貌。故填 Similarly。
6. mistakes 根据下文“You left litter in the hallway.”可知使用被动语态避免直接指出某人的错误。故填 mistakes。
7. openly 根据上文“Saying ‘The litter in the hallway wasn't cleared.’ instead of ‘You left litter in the hallway.’”可知使用被动语态在不公开批评别人的情况下解决问题。故填 openly。
8. check 根据下文“Did you need any help with your luggage?”可知入住酒店时，服务员可能会问“你需要帮忙拿行李吗？”；check in/into表示“登记入住”。故填 check。
9. Though 句意：虽然过去时通常用于描述已经发生的事情，但在这种情况下，这是一种礼貌询问你是否需要帮忙拿行李的方式。前后是让步关系。故填 Though。
10. tips 根据上文的内容可知，本文主要介绍了三种让英语表达更礼貌的方法。故填 tips。

【分析】
做首字母填空时，首先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕“语言与文化”，介绍让英语表达更礼貌的方法）；再逐空分析，结合空格前后的语境、逻辑关系、固定搭配及语法知识推断单词，同时注意首字母提示和词性要求。比如第1空需体现“礼貌”含义，结合固定搭配；第2空由转折连词yet推断并列形容词；其余空需通过上下文例子、逻辑关系等确定单词。
【解析】
1. manners：根据文章主旨是介绍礼貌表达的方法，固定搭配good manners表示“礼貌”，符合语境；
2. simple：由转折连词yet连接并列形容词，与effective（有效的）对应，意为“简单的”，符合“简单而有效的方法”；
3. possibility：情态动词除表达ability（能力）外，还可表达possibility（可能性），符合语法和常识；
4. respectful：对比直接表达和礼貌表达，礼貌表达更显尊重，故填respectful；
5. Similarly：此处举类似的礼貌表达例子，需用副词修饰句子，故填Similarly；
6. mistakes：根据下文“你把垃圾留在走廊”，此处指避免直接指出他人的错误，故填mistakes；
7. openly：修饰动词criticizing，意为“公开地”，符合“不公开批评”的语境；
8. check：固定搭配check into表示“登记入住”，对应酒店场景，故填check；
9. Though：前后句为让步关系，意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；
10. tips：总结上文介绍的礼貌表达方法，tips表示“技巧、方法”，符合语境。
【答案】
1. manners 2. simple 3. possibility 4. respectful 5. Similarly 6. mistakes 7. openly 8. check 9. Though 10. tips
【知识点】
首字母填空、词汇运用、语境理解
【点评】
本题为说明文类首字母填空，主题围绕“语言与文化”，考查学生对词汇的掌握、语境逻辑的推理及固定搭配的运用，需结合上下文线索和语法知识推断单词，能有效考查学生的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.4