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五、阅读理解。〔人与自然——自然景观〕
The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most amazing places on Earth. It covers a large area in South America. The rainforest is home to millions of different kinds of plants and animals.
There are tall trees that reach up to the sky. These trees make a thick canopy(树冠层)that blocks out a lot of sunlight. Under the canopy，there are smaller plants，and the forest floor is covered with leaves and other plant materials.
The Amazon River runs through the rainforest. It is one of the longest rivers in the world. The river provides water for the plants and animals in the rainforest. It also helps to keep the climate(气候)of the area in balance.
However，the Amazon Rainforest is in danger. People are cutting down trees for wood and to make room for farms. This is destroying the homes of many plants and animals. If we don’t take action to protect it，we may lose this beautiful landscape forever.
(
A. In North America.
B. In South America.
C. In Africa.
D. In Asia.
(
A. Small plants.
B. The river.
C. Tall trees.
D. Animal homes.
(
A. It’s very long.
B. It runs through the forest.
C. It’s the longest river in the world.
D. It provides water and keeps the climate balanced.
(
A. Too much sunlight.
B. People cutting down trees.
C. Too many animals.
D. A lot of rain.
The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most amazing places on Earth. It covers a large area in South America. The rainforest is home to millions of different kinds of plants and animals.
There are tall trees that reach up to the sky. These trees make a thick canopy(树冠层)that blocks out a lot of sunlight. Under the canopy，there are smaller plants，and the forest floor is covered with leaves and other plant materials.
The Amazon River runs through the rainforest. It is one of the longest rivers in the world. The river provides water for the plants and animals in the rainforest. It also helps to keep the climate(气候)of the area in balance.
However，the Amazon Rainforest is in danger. People are cutting down trees for wood and to make room for farms. This is destroying the homes of many plants and animals. If we don’t take action to protect it，we may lose this beautiful landscape forever.
(
B
)1. Where is the Amazon Rainforest?A. In North America.
B. In South America.
C. In Africa.
D. In Asia.
(
C
)2. What makes a thick canopy in the Amazon Rainforest?A. Small plants.
B. The river.
C. Tall trees.
D. Animal homes.
(
D
)3. Why is the Amazon River important?A. It’s very long.
B. It runs through the forest.
C. It’s the longest river in the world.
D. It provides water and keeps the climate balanced.
(
B
)4. What’s the danger to the Amazon Rainforest?A. Too much sunlight.
B. People cutting down trees.
C. Too many animals.
D. A lot of rain.
答案
五、1~4. BCDB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍亚马孙雨林的说明文阅读，全部为细节理解类题目，解题时不需要复杂推理，可按以下思路操作：1. 先浏览每道题的题干，划出核心定位关键词；2. 带着关键词回到原文对应段落查找匹配的原文表述；3. 对比选项和原文内容，选出完全吻合的答案即可，不需要额外脑补无关信息。
【解析】
我们逐题定位原文解答：
1. 第一题询问亚马孙雨林的位置，定位原文第一段第二句"It covers a large area in South America."，可知它位于南美洲，对应选项B。
2. 第二题询问是什么形成了茂密的树冠层，定位原文第二段前两句"There are tall trees that reach up to the sky. These trees make a thick canopy(树冠层)that blocks out a lot of sunlight."，可知是高大的树木形成了树冠层，对应选项C。
3. 第三题询问亚马孙河的重要性，定位原文第三段"The river provides water for the plants and animals in the rainforest. It also helps to keep the climate(气候)of the area in balance."，可知它的作用是为雨林动植物提供水源、维持区域气候平衡，对应选项D。
4. 第四题询问亚马孙雨林面临的威胁，定位原文第四段"However, the Amazon Rainforest is in danger. People are cutting down trees for wood and to make room for farms."，可知人类砍伐树木是雨林面临的危险，对应选项B。
【答案】
1-4 BCDB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；自然地理常识
【点评】
本题属于低难度的说明文阅读，所有题目都可以直接在原文找到对应依据，既考查学生快速查找文本信息的阅读能力，也能让学生了解亚马孙雨林的相关知识，建立保护自然的意识。
【难度系数】
0.9
这是一篇介绍亚马孙雨林的说明文阅读，全部为细节理解类题目，解题时不需要复杂推理，可按以下思路操作：1. 先浏览每道题的题干，划出核心定位关键词；2. 带着关键词回到原文对应段落查找匹配的原文表述；3. 对比选项和原文内容，选出完全吻合的答案即可，不需要额外脑补无关信息。
【解析】
我们逐题定位原文解答：
1. 第一题询问亚马孙雨林的位置，定位原文第一段第二句"It covers a large area in South America."，可知它位于南美洲，对应选项B。
2. 第二题询问是什么形成了茂密的树冠层，定位原文第二段前两句"There are tall trees that reach up to the sky. These trees make a thick canopy(树冠层)that blocks out a lot of sunlight."，可知是高大的树木形成了树冠层，对应选项C。
3. 第三题询问亚马孙河的重要性，定位原文第三段"The river provides water for the plants and animals in the rainforest. It also helps to keep the climate(气候)of the area in balance."，可知它的作用是为雨林动植物提供水源、维持区域气候平衡，对应选项D。
4. 第四题询问亚马孙雨林面临的威胁，定位原文第四段"However, the Amazon Rainforest is in danger. People are cutting down trees for wood and to make room for farms."，可知人类砍伐树木是雨林面临的危险，对应选项B。
【答案】
1-4 BCDB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位；自然地理常识
【点评】
本题属于低难度的说明文阅读，所有题目都可以直接在原文找到对应依据，既考查学生快速查找文本信息的阅读能力，也能让学生了解亚马孙雨林的相关知识，建立保护自然的意识。
【难度系数】
0.9
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。〔人与自然——自然生态〕
The Changbai Mountain is a wonderful place in the northeast of China. 1.
It was formed many years ago because of the movement of the earth’s crust(壳)and volcanic eruptions(火山喷发). 2.
4.
A. The mountain was peaceful from then on.
B. There is also a lot of beautiful scenery here.
C. It is named after being white almost all year long.
D. The snow season lasts for 6 months in the Changbai Mountains.
E. The average depth(平均深度)of the water is 204 metres.
F. There are many beautiful stories about the Changbai Mountains.
G. On the main top，there is a crater lake called “Tianchi” in Chinese.
The Changbai Mountain is a wonderful place in the northeast of China. 1.
C
It was formed many years ago because of the movement of the earth’s crust(壳)and volcanic eruptions(火山喷发). 2.
G
It means “Heaven Lake”. It has an altitude(海拔)of 2，189.1 metres and is the largest crater lake in China and the deepest mountain lake in the world. 3. E
And it has over 2 billion tons of fresh water.4.
D
The top of the mountain is covered by snow most of the time and the depth of the snow is more than 1 metre. 5. B
You can see waterfalls，hot springs，and primeval forests. It is a great place for people to explore and enjoy the beauty of nature.A. The mountain was peaceful from then on.
B. There is also a lot of beautiful scenery here.
C. It is named after being white almost all year long.
D. The snow season lasts for 6 months in the Changbai Mountains.
E. The average depth(平均深度)of the water is 204 metres.
F. There are many beautiful stories about the Changbai Mountains.
G. On the main top，there is a crater lake called “Tianchi” in Chinese.
答案
六、1~5. CGEDB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍长白山自然生态的说明文类七选五题型，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章整体按照“长白山基本介绍-形成原因-天池相关属性-积雪特征-多样自然景观”的逻辑展开；第二步逐空定位前后文的关键提示信息，匹配语义衔接最紧密的选项，同时排除两个多余干扰项：①第一空前文刚引出长白山主体，需要补充和长白山基础属性相关的介绍；②第二空后文直接解释某个事物的含义是“天池”，说明空处必须提到名为天池的事物；③第三空前后都在介绍天池的相关数据属性，要选和湖水参数相关的选项；④第四空后文围绕山顶积雪展开描述，要选和积雪时长相关的总起句；⑤第五空后文列举了瀑布、温泉等各类景观，要选能总起各类美景的过渡句，最后验证逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文引出长白山是中国东北的绝佳地点，C选项“它得名于几乎一整年都是白色的特点”承接对长白山的基础介绍，语义连贯，符合逻辑。
2. 第二空：后文明确提到“It means ‘Heaven Lake’（它的意思是天池）”，G选项“在主峰顶上有一个火山口湖，中文名叫‘天池’”刚好引出后文对名称含义的解释，前后完全呼应。
3. 第三空：前文介绍天池是中国最大火山口湖、世界最深高山湖，后文提到它有超20亿吨淡水，E选项“湖水的平均深度是204米”补充了天池的深度参数，承接前后对天池属性的描述，衔接自然。
4. 第四空：后文描述山顶大部分时间被积雪覆盖，积雪深度超1米，D选项“长白山的雪季长达6个月”作为总起句，引出后文对积雪情况的具体说明，逻辑匹配。
5. 第五空：后文列举了瀑布、温泉、原始森林等多种自然景观，B选项“这里也有很多美丽的风景”总起后文的各类景观介绍，引出下文内容。
多余选项A“从那之后这座山就很平静”、F“有很多关于长白山的美丽故事”均无法匹配文中任意空的前后逻辑，予以排除。
【答案】
1~5. CGEDB
【知识点】
七选五阅读，说明文语篇衔接，上下文语义匹配
【点评】
本题属于人与自然主题的说明文阅读题，考点聚焦语篇的逻辑衔接能力，难度适中，解题时只需要抓住每个空前后的核心提示关键词（如天池、深度、积雪、景观等），就可以快速锁定对应选项，同时可以通过排除无关干扰项进一步验证答案的合理性。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍长白山自然生态的说明文类七选五题型，解题思路如下：第一步先通读全文，明确文章整体按照“长白山基本介绍-形成原因-天池相关属性-积雪特征-多样自然景观”的逻辑展开；第二步逐空定位前后文的关键提示信息，匹配语义衔接最紧密的选项，同时排除两个多余干扰项：①第一空前文刚引出长白山主体，需要补充和长白山基础属性相关的介绍；②第二空后文直接解释某个事物的含义是“天池”，说明空处必须提到名为天池的事物；③第三空前后都在介绍天池的相关数据属性，要选和湖水参数相关的选项；④第四空后文围绕山顶积雪展开描述，要选和积雪时长相关的总起句；⑤第五空后文列举了瀑布、温泉等各类景观，要选能总起各类美景的过渡句，最后验证逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前文引出长白山是中国东北的绝佳地点，C选项“它得名于几乎一整年都是白色的特点”承接对长白山的基础介绍，语义连贯，符合逻辑。
2. 第二空：后文明确提到“It means ‘Heaven Lake’（它的意思是天池）”，G选项“在主峰顶上有一个火山口湖，中文名叫‘天池’”刚好引出后文对名称含义的解释，前后完全呼应。
3. 第三空：前文介绍天池是中国最大火山口湖、世界最深高山湖，后文提到它有超20亿吨淡水，E选项“湖水的平均深度是204米”补充了天池的深度参数，承接前后对天池属性的描述，衔接自然。
4. 第四空：后文描述山顶大部分时间被积雪覆盖，积雪深度超1米，D选项“长白山的雪季长达6个月”作为总起句，引出后文对积雪情况的具体说明，逻辑匹配。
5. 第五空：后文列举了瀑布、温泉、原始森林等多种自然景观，B选项“这里也有很多美丽的风景”总起后文的各类景观介绍，引出下文内容。
多余选项A“从那之后这座山就很平静”、F“有很多关于长白山的美丽故事”均无法匹配文中任意空的前后逻辑，予以排除。
【答案】
1~5. CGEDB
【知识点】
七选五阅读，说明文语篇衔接，上下文语义匹配
【点评】
本题属于人与自然主题的说明文阅读题，考点聚焦语篇的逻辑衔接能力，难度适中，解题时只需要抓住每个空前后的核心提示关键词（如天池、深度、积雪、景观等），就可以快速锁定对应选项，同时可以通过排除无关干扰项进一步验证答案的合理性。
【难度系数】
0.7
