四、根据课本第46、47页1b的语篇内容，完成下面的表格。
| How One Girl Saved Many Lives | |
| --- | --- |
| Background | Date: 1.
Persons: Tilly Smith (a 10-year-old English schoolgirl) and her family
Place: 2.
Scene: Everyone was enjoying the 3. that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. |
| Event development | Tilly saw 4. was forming on top of the waves. The waves were coming in instead of going out.
Tilly remembered her geography teacher's lesson — 5. could create tsunamis. |
| Action | Tilly cried, "I know what's going to happen! There's going to be a big wave."
Tilly's family didn't believe her at first. Her mother decided to 6. , and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
Tilly's father told a 7. about the tsunami. The guard was shocked and rushed to get people off the beach. |
| Result | Tilly's family 8. just as the water hit the hotel.
The 2004 tsunami caused 9. , but no one on the beach died that day. |
| What we learn from the true story | A single lesson could mean the difference 10. . |

1. 26 December 2004 2. Phuket, Thailand 3. beautiful weather 4. thick white froth 5. earthquakes under the sea 6. continue the walk alone 7. security guard 8. made it to safety 9. over 200,000 deaths 10. between life and death

【分析】
这是一道基于指定课本语篇的细节还原填空题，解题时首先梳理表格的逻辑脉络，它按照故事的背景、事件发展、人物行动、最终结果、故事启示的叙事顺序设置考点，我们只需要结合上下文给出的提示信息，定位对应语篇中的关键细节，匹配对应的原文内容，注意专有名词拼写、固定搭配的准确性，就能完成所有填空。
【解析】
1. 本空填写事件发生的具体日期，对应语篇里2004年印度洋海啸的发生时间，填26 December 2004；
2. 本空填写故事发生的地点，对应原文的泰国普吉岛，填Phuket, Thailand；
3. 本空描述事发当天上午的环境，所有人都在享受宜人的好天气，填beautiful weather；
4. 本空填写蒂莉在海浪上观察到的异常现象，浪顶形成了厚厚的白色泡沫，填thick white froth；
5. 本空对应蒂莉回忆的地理课知识点：海底地震会引发海啸，填earthquakes under the sea；
6. 本空对应情节：蒂莉的家人一开始不信她，她的妈妈决定独自继续散步，其余家人返回酒店，填continue the walk alone；
7. 本空对应情节：蒂莉的父亲把海啸的预警告知了安保人员，安保人员立刻疏散海滩上的人，填security guard；
8. 本空填写蒂莉一家的结局，在海水冲击酒店的时候他们已经安全抵达，填made it to safety；
9. 本空对应2004年海啸的伤亡数据，这场海啸造成了超过20万人死亡，填over 200,000 deaths；
10. 本空是故事的启示，固定搭配the difference between life and death表示生死之别，填between life and death。
【答案】
1. 26 December 2004
2. Phuket, Thailand
3. beautiful weather
4. thick white froth
5. earthquakes under the sea
6. continue the walk alone
7. security guard
8. made it to safety
9. over 200,000 deaths
10. between life and death
【知识点】
1. 语篇细节识记
2. 固定短语搭配
3. 防灾常识认知
【点评】
本题属于课文内容巩固类基础题型，既考察学生对所学课文内容的熟悉程度，帮助学生巩固单元相关核心词汇，也能通过这个真实故事引导学生意识到课堂所学知识的实用价值，提升对灾害预警常识的认知。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
Tsunamis are usually caused by earthquakes under the sea. Underwater volcanic eruptions (火山爆发) or landslides can also cause them. The waves can travel extremely fast across the deep ocean, at the speed of up to 800 kilometres per hour. They bring great damage to coastal areas when they reach the coast.
One of the most famous tsunamis happened in Japan in 2011. It was caused by a very strong 9.0-magnitude earthquake near the Tohoku coast. The huge waves, as high as 40 metres, destroyed coastal towns. Many houses were washed away, and thousands of people died. The disaster badly damaged the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Radioactive leaks (放射性物质泄漏) from it brought long-term worries about the environment around the world.
Another big and harmful tsunami was the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. It started from a 9.1-magnitude earthquake near Indonesia's Sumatra Island. Its powerful waves moved fast across the ocean and hit 14 countries, including Thailand's popular tourist areas and Sri Lanka's coastal places. The disaster killed over 230,000 people, making it one of the most serious natural disasters in recent human history.
In 1964, a powerful tsunami hit Alaska, America. It destroyed many towns and caused serious floods. Even places as far as California felt its effects. Today, scientists use special tools to watch for signs of tsunamis. This helps warn people early, so they can move to safe places.
()1. What was the primary cause of the 2011 tsunami in Japan?
A. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake.
B. A landslide in the deep ocean.
C. An underwater volcanic eruption.
D. Radioactive leaks from a power plant.
()2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The 2011 Japan tsunami.
B. Sri Lanka's coastal places.
C. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.
D. Thailand's popular tourist areas.
()3. What is the main purpose of scientists watching for signs of tsunamis?
A. To study the effects of tsunamis on sealife.
B. To give people early warning to leave.
C. To prevent earthquakes from happening.
D. To measure the exact speed of the waves.
()4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of nuclear power plants in Japan.
B. The causes, effects and examples of tsunamis.
C. A travel guide to coastal towns in Alaska.
D. How to build houses that can survive earthquakes.
()5. Where can we probably read this text?
A. In an ad for a vacation in Thailand.
B. In a comic book about sea monsters.
C. In a personal diary of a tsunami survivor.
D. In a science book about natural disasters.

1—5 ACBBD

【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题的整体思路是：先通读所有题干划出核心关键词，再带着关键词返回原文对应段落定位信息，逐一比对选项和原文内容排除错误选项：做细节题直接找原文对应语句验证，指代题要结合划线词所在句的前文逻辑判断指代对象，主旨题要梳理全文整体结构排除仅覆盖局部细节的选项，文章出处题要结合文本主题匹配对应的出版物类型，就能顺利选出所有正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到原文第二段第二句"It was caused by a very strong 9.0-magnitude earthquake near the Tohoku coast."，明确说明2011年日本海啸的主要成因是9.0级地震，B、C是海啸的其他通用成因并非本次海啸的原因，D是海啸引发的后续灾害，均错误，选A。
2. 第2题：划线词it位于第三段末尾，第三段全程介绍2004年印度洋海啸，前半句提到这场灾害造成超23万人死亡，因此it指代前文提到的2004年印度洋海啸，排除其他无关选项，选C。
3. 第3题：定位到原文最后一段最后两句"Today, scientists use special tools to watch for signs of tsunamis. This helps warn people early, so they can move to safe places."，可知科学家监测海啸迹象的目的是提前预警让人们撤离到安全区域，其余选项文中均无对应表述，选B。
4. 第4题：全文第一段介绍海啸的形成原因和基本特点，中间三段列举三次重大海啸实例介绍其造成的危害，最后提到海啸预警相关内容，核心主题是海啸的成因、影响和相关实例，其余选项都仅覆盖文中局部细节或完全不符合文本内容，选B。
5. 第5题：本文是介绍海啸这类自然灾害的科普内容，最有可能出现在讲解自然灾害的科学书籍中，A度假广告、B海怪漫画、C幸存者日记均和文本属性不符，选D。
【答案】
1—5 ACBBD
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，代词指代判断，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的科普类阅读题，大部分题目都可以通过直接回原文定位快速得到答案，重点考察学生抓取文本关键信息的能力，仅主旨题和文章出处题需要学生整体梳理文本逻辑、区分局部细节和核心主题，干扰项设置难度低，不容易出现误判。
【难度系数】
0.8