登录
二、阅读理解
Shaking hands seems like a gesture (手势) that has been used forever. A throne base from the ancient Assyria Shalmaneser Ⅲ in the 9th century BCE clearly shows two persons shaking hands. The Homeric epic (荷马史诗) *Iliad*, dating back to the 8th century BCE, also mentions that two persons “shook each other's hands”. Centuries later, Shakespeare wrote in *As You Like It* that two persons “shook hands”. It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, and the roots (根) of which are lost to the sands of time.
Historians have noticed that shaking hands in the modern time doesn't appear until the mid - 19th century, when it was considered a slightly improper gesture that should only be used between friends.
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to find. One of the earliest evidences (证据) is a 16th - century German translation of a French book which mentions shaking hands. There's another evidence for a handshaking tradition at that time: In 1607, the writer James Cleland said that he'd rather shake the two right hands together instead of bowing (弯曲) down to everyone's shoes and kissing hands.
As the centuries passed, handshaking was replaced by another greeting way like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in remote areas, where they'd use the gesture to reconcile after a fight. Then, the handshake appeared again as a standard greeting way that remains today.
Why was shaking hands considered as a good way of greeting? The most popular explanation is that it uses the right hand, making it useless for weapon (武器) holding. In the 19th century, shaking hands without taking gloves away was quite rude and people were required to say sorry immediately. Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.
(
A. Work together with somebody else.
B. Organize something peaceful.
C. Be friends with each other again.
D. Live a happy life with others.
(
A. The true reason for shaking hands is hard to find.
B. Handshaking was a popular way of greeting as early as the 19th century.
C. People shake hands with right hands because they don't need to take off gloves.
D. There are lots of facts showing the true reason for shaking hands.
(
A. Evidence of the Handshake Becoming a Way of Greeting
B. Some Greeting Manners Around the World
C. The History of the Handshake as a Way of Greeting
D. A Story of the Handshake as a Way of Greeting
Shaking hands seems like a gesture (手势) that has been used forever. A throne base from the ancient Assyria Shalmaneser Ⅲ in the 9th century BCE clearly shows two persons shaking hands. The Homeric epic (荷马史诗) *Iliad*, dating back to the 8th century BCE, also mentions that two persons “shook each other's hands”. Centuries later, Shakespeare wrote in *As You Like It* that two persons “shook hands”. It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, and the roots (根) of which are lost to the sands of time.
Historians have noticed that shaking hands in the modern time doesn't appear until the mid - 19th century, when it was considered a slightly improper gesture that should only be used between friends.
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to find. One of the earliest evidences (证据) is a 16th - century German translation of a French book which mentions shaking hands. There's another evidence for a handshaking tradition at that time: In 1607, the writer James Cleland said that he'd rather shake the two right hands together instead of bowing (弯曲) down to everyone's shoes and kissing hands.
As the centuries passed, handshaking was replaced by another greeting way like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in remote areas, where they'd use the gesture to reconcile after a fight. Then, the handshake appeared again as a standard greeting way that remains today.
Why was shaking hands considered as a good way of greeting? The most popular explanation is that it uses the right hand, making it useless for weapon (武器) holding. In the 19th century, shaking hands without taking gloves away was quite rude and people were required to say sorry immediately. Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.
(
C
)1. What's the meaning of the underlined word “*reconcile*” in Paragraph 4?A. Work together with somebody else.
B. Organize something peaceful.
C. Be friends with each other again.
D. Live a happy life with others.
(
A
)2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The true reason for shaking hands is hard to find.
B. Handshaking was a popular way of greeting as early as the 19th century.
C. People shake hands with right hands because they don't need to take off gloves.
D. There are lots of facts showing the true reason for shaking hands.
(
A
)3. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. Evidence of the Handshake Becoming a Way of Greeting
B. Some Greeting Manners Around the World
C. The History of the Handshake as a Way of Greeting
D. A Story of the Handshake as a Way of Greeting
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了握手作为现在非常重要的一种问候方式，起初并不具备问候的意义，之后成为问候方式的原因，其中有些原因目前还有待考证。
1. C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“after a fight”可知，画线词是“和好；再一次成为朋友”的意思。故选 C。
2. A 判断正误题。根据第一段“It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, and the roots of which are lost to the sands of time.”和最后一段“Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.”可知，握手的真正原因很难找到。故选 A。
3. A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了握手逐渐成为现在非常重要的一种问候方式的一些原因的历史证据。故选 A。
1. C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面“after a fight”可知，画线词是“和好；再一次成为朋友”的意思。故选 C。
2. A 判断正误题。根据第一段“It might seem like shaking hands is an old custom, and the roots of which are lost to the sands of time.”和最后一段“Sadly, in a world where unknown translations provide only some evidence, the true reason may remain forever unknown.”可知，握手的真正原因很难找到。故选 A。
3. A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了握手逐渐成为现在非常重要的一种问候方式的一些原因的历史证据。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍握手文化溯源的说明文阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理解题思路：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，首先定位划线词所在的第四段句子，抓住关键提示信息"after a fight（争斗之后）"，结合争斗之后人们会做的行为，匹配选项含义就能得出答案。
2. 第二题是细节正误判断题，不需要自己推导，只需要把每个选项逐一返回原文对应位置核对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，就能选出正确项。
3. 第三题是标题归纳题，需要通读全文梳理文章核心脉络，区分偏离主题、表述范围过大/过小的干扰项，选出最贴合全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第四段划线词所在句"where they'd use the gesture to reconcile after a fight"，语境描述的是发生争斗之后用握手这个动作要完成的行为：
A选项"和他人合作"、B选项"组织和平相关的活动"、D选项"和他人幸福生活"都不符合争斗之后的行为逻辑，只有C选项"重新成为朋友、和解"完全贴合语境，因此选C。
2. 逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文首尾段都提到握手的起源早已随时间难以追溯，最后一段明确说明"the true reason may remain forever unknown"，表述正确。
B选项：第二段提到现代握手直到19世纪中期才出现，当时还被认为是略不得体的手势，仅能在朋友间使用，并非19世纪就成为流行的问候方式，表述错误。
C选项：最后一段提到19世纪不摘掉手套握手是非常粗鲁的行为，和选项表述完全矛盾，表述错误。
D选项：最后一段说明现存的相关参考证据很少，握手的真正原因无从考证，并非有大量事实支撑，表述错误。
因此选A。
3. 梳理全文内容：文章从古代文物、史诗、文学作品的相关记载，到16、17世纪的文献记录，全部围绕握手逐步成为正式问候方式的相关溯源证据展开：
B选项"世界各地的问候礼仪"完全偏离本文握手的核心主题；
C选项"握手作为问候方式的完整历史"表述范围过大，本文并没有完整梳理握手全部的发展脉络，侧重介绍现存的相关佐证；
D选项"握手作为问候方式的故事"不符合本文说明文的文体属性，全文没有叙事类故事内容；
只有A选项最贴合全文核心内容，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节定位，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于文化类说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读理解最经典的三类题型，易错点集中在最后一道标题归纳题，很多同学会误选范围偏大的C选项，需要学生仔细辨析选项表述和原文内容的匹配度，避免脱离原文主观臆断主旨。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇介绍握手文化溯源的说明文阅读理解，我们可以按题型逐个梳理解题思路：
1. 第一题是词义猜测题，首先定位划线词所在的第四段句子，抓住关键提示信息"after a fight（争斗之后）"，结合争斗之后人们会做的行为，匹配选项含义就能得出答案。
2. 第二题是细节正误判断题，不需要自己推导，只需要把每个选项逐一返回原文对应位置核对，排除和原文表述矛盾的选项，就能选出正确项。
3. 第三题是标题归纳题，需要通读全文梳理文章核心脉络，区分偏离主题、表述范围过大/过小的干扰项，选出最贴合全文内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 定位第四段划线词所在句"where they'd use the gesture to reconcile after a fight"，语境描述的是发生争斗之后用握手这个动作要完成的行为：
A选项"和他人合作"、B选项"组织和平相关的活动"、D选项"和他人幸福生活"都不符合争斗之后的行为逻辑，只有C选项"重新成为朋友、和解"完全贴合语境，因此选C。
2. 逐一核对选项：
A选项：原文首尾段都提到握手的起源早已随时间难以追溯，最后一段明确说明"the true reason may remain forever unknown"，表述正确。
B选项：第二段提到现代握手直到19世纪中期才出现，当时还被认为是略不得体的手势，仅能在朋友间使用，并非19世纪就成为流行的问候方式，表述错误。
C选项：最后一段提到19世纪不摘掉手套握手是非常粗鲁的行为，和选项表述完全矛盾，表述错误。
D选项：最后一段说明现存的相关参考证据很少，握手的真正原因无从考证，并非有大量事实支撑，表述错误。
因此选A。
3. 梳理全文内容：文章从古代文物、史诗、文学作品的相关记载，到16、17世纪的文献记录，全部围绕握手逐步成为正式问候方式的相关溯源证据展开：
B选项"世界各地的问候礼仪"完全偏离本文握手的核心主题；
C选项"握手作为问候方式的完整历史"表述范围过大，本文并没有完整梳理握手全部的发展脉络，侧重介绍现存的相关佐证；
D选项"握手作为问候方式的故事"不符合本文说明文的文体属性，全文没有叙事类故事内容；
只有A选项最贴合全文核心内容，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A
【知识点】
词义猜测，细节定位，主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于文化类说明文阅读，覆盖了初中英语阅读理解最经典的三类题型，易错点集中在最后一道标题归纳题，很多同学会误选范围偏大的C选项，需要学生仔细辨析选项表述和原文内容的匹配度，避免脱离原文主观臆断主旨。
【难度系数】
0.4
