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4 Complete the passage with the proper form of the word in brackets. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式补全短文。
Parkour is a fun and modern sport that makes cities into big play areas. People use walls and stairs to move in new ways, like (1)
More teenagers are starting to try parkour because it (4)
When you do parkour, (6)
Parkour is a fun and modern sport that makes cities into big play areas. People use walls and stairs to move in new ways, like (1)
running
(run), jumping and climbing. Parkour (2) started
(start) in France, but now lots of young people (3) do
(do) parkour in parks.More teenagers are starting to try parkour because it (4)
is getting/gets
(get) popular. It’s different from other sports because there aren’t any official (5) matches
(match), but sometimes there are fun events.When you do parkour, (6)
safety
(safe) is important. Wear good shoes to protect your (7) feet
(foot) and start with easy jumps. It’s better to practise with friends so they can help if you fall. Remember to land safely—it’s just as important as jumping or running. Always (8) be
(be) careful and have fun!答案
(1) running (2) started (3) do (4) is getting/gets
(5) matches (6) safety (7) feet (8) be
(5) matches (6) safety (7) feet (8) be
解析
【分析】
本题为用所给单词适当形式填空，需结合语法规则和语境分析每个空的要求：
1. 第1空：like是介词，介词后接动词需用动名词作宾语，故将run变为动名词形式；
2. 第2空：跑酷起源于法国是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故将start变为过去式；
3. 第3空：时间状语now提示用一般现在时，主语young people为复数，故用动词原形；
4. 第4空：结合语境“正变得流行”，可用现在进行时（is getting）或一般现在时（gets）表客观事实，两种均正确；
5. 第5空：any后接可数名词复数，故将match变为复数形式；
6. 第6空：此处需名词作主语，故将形容词safe变为名词形式；
7. 第7空：表示“脚”的复数概念，故将foot变为复数形式；
8. 第8空：祈使句以动词原形开头，故用be的原形。
【解析】
1. like为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填running；
2. 动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填started；
3. 时间状语now，主语为复数，一般现在时用动词原形，故填do；
4. 结合语境，表“正变得流行”用现在进行时is getting，或表客观事实用一般现在时gets，故填is getting/gets；
5. any后接可数名词复数，match的复数为matches，故填matches；
6. 此处作主语，需用名词，safe的名词为safety，故填safety；
7. 人有两只脚，foot的复数为feet，故填feet；
8. 祈使句以动词原形开头，故填be。
【答案】
(1) running (2) started (3) do (4) is getting/gets (5) matches (6) safety (7) feet (8) be
【知识点】
动词形式变化；名词的数；祈使句
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法中的单词适当形式填空，涵盖介词用法、时态、名词复数、祈使句等核心知识点，需结合语境和语法规则灵活运用，是巩固英语基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为用所给单词适当形式填空，需结合语法规则和语境分析每个空的要求：
1. 第1空：like是介词，介词后接动词需用动名词作宾语，故将run变为动名词形式；
2. 第2空：跑酷起源于法国是过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故将start变为过去式；
3. 第3空：时间状语now提示用一般现在时，主语young people为复数，故用动词原形；
4. 第4空：结合语境“正变得流行”，可用现在进行时（is getting）或一般现在时（gets）表客观事实，两种均正确；
5. 第5空：any后接可数名词复数，故将match变为复数形式；
6. 第6空：此处需名词作主语，故将形容词safe变为名词形式；
7. 第7空：表示“脚”的复数概念，故将foot变为复数形式；
8. 第8空：祈使句以动词原形开头，故用be的原形。
【解析】
1. like为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填running；
2. 动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故填started；
3. 时间状语now，主语为复数，一般现在时用动词原形，故填do；
4. 结合语境，表“正变得流行”用现在进行时is getting，或表客观事实用一般现在时gets，故填is getting/gets；
5. any后接可数名词复数，match的复数为matches，故填matches；
6. 此处作主语，需用名词，safe的名词为safety，故填safety；
7. 人有两只脚，foot的复数为feet，故填feet；
8. 祈使句以动词原形开头，故填be。
【答案】
(1) running (2) started (3) do (4) is getting/gets (5) matches (6) safety (7) feet (8) be
【知识点】
动词形式变化；名词的数；祈使句
【点评】
本题考查英语基础语法中的单词适当形式填空，涵盖介词用法、时态、名词复数、祈使句等核心知识点，需结合语境和语法规则灵活运用，是巩固英语基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.5
1 Read the passage and choose the best answer. 阅读短文，选择最恰当的答案。
Dogs are often called “man’s best friend”. They are one of the most popular pets in the world. Do you know some fun facts about dogs?
Every dog’s nose is different, like a human fingerprint. When a dog yawns, it’s not always because it’s sleepy. Sometimes it’s trying to calm down if it feels worried. Dogs have an incredible sense of smell, much better than humans. However, it’s important to know that chocolate can be very dangerous for dogs because it contains theobromine (可可碱), which is harmful to them. Also, dogs hear about ten times better than people do. Their sharp senses help them in their daily lives, allowing them to understand the world around them and be aware of possible dangers.
In addition, dogs come in different shapes, sizes and colours, which makes each one special. They can learn to do lots of things. For example, some dogs are trained to help people who are blind or deaf, and others work with police officers to catch bad guys. They can also be trained to search for things like drugs or bombs. With the right
training, dogs can do amazing things to help people.
These fun facts show how great dogs are and why they’re loved by so many people around the world.
(1) Similar to human fingerprints, what makes dogs different from each other?
A. Their ears.
B. Their noses.
C. Their tails.
D. Their mouths.
(2) Why do dogs yawn, according to the passage?
A. Because they are excited.
B. Because they are hungry.
C. Because they want to calm down.
D. Because they want to sit down.
(3) Why is it important for dog owners to know the dangers of chocolate?
A. Because chocolate is harmful to dogs.
B. Because chocolate makes dogs sleepy.
C. Because dogs enjoy the taste of chocolate too much.
D. Because chocolate can change dogs’ sense of smell.
(4) What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Dogs need right but hard training.
B. Dogs come in different shapes, sizes and colours.
C. Dogs can learn to do many tasks to help people.
D. Dogs are the most popular pets in the world.
(5) What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Different types of dogs.
B. Facts and information about dogs.
C. Training ways for dogs.
D. The history of dogs as pets.
Dogs are often called “man’s best friend”. They are one of the most popular pets in the world. Do you know some fun facts about dogs?
Every dog’s nose is different, like a human fingerprint. When a dog yawns, it’s not always because it’s sleepy. Sometimes it’s trying to calm down if it feels worried. Dogs have an incredible sense of smell, much better than humans. However, it’s important to know that chocolate can be very dangerous for dogs because it contains theobromine (可可碱), which is harmful to them. Also, dogs hear about ten times better than people do. Their sharp senses help them in their daily lives, allowing them to understand the world around them and be aware of possible dangers.
In addition, dogs come in different shapes, sizes and colours, which makes each one special. They can learn to do lots of things. For example, some dogs are trained to help people who are blind or deaf, and others work with police officers to catch bad guys. They can also be trained to search for things like drugs or bombs. With the right
training, dogs can do amazing things to help people.
These fun facts show how great dogs are and why they’re loved by so many people around the world.
(1) Similar to human fingerprints, what makes dogs different from each other?
A. Their ears.
B. Their noses.
C. Their tails.
D. Their mouths.
(2) Why do dogs yawn, according to the passage?
A. Because they are excited.
B. Because they are hungry.
C. Because they want to calm down.
D. Because they want to sit down.
(3) Why is it important for dog owners to know the dangers of chocolate?
A. Because chocolate is harmful to dogs.
B. Because chocolate makes dogs sleepy.
C. Because dogs enjoy the taste of chocolate too much.
D. Because chocolate can change dogs’ sense of smell.
(4) What’s the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Dogs need right but hard training.
B. Dogs come in different shapes, sizes and colours.
C. Dogs can learn to do many tasks to help people.
D. Dogs are the most popular pets in the world.
(5) What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Different types of dogs.
B. Facts and information about dogs.
C. Training ways for dogs.
D. The history of dogs as pets.
答案
(1) B (2) C (3) A (4) C (5) B
解析
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需遵循“先读问题，带着问题回原文定位关键信息，再核对选项”的思路。细节题需精准找到原文对应句子选出答案；主旨题需梳理段落或全文核心内容，排除偏离主旨的选项。
【解析】
(1) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句“Every dog’s nose is different, like a human fingerprint.”，可知狗的鼻子和人类指纹一样独特，对应选项B。
(2) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“When a dog yawns, it’s not always because it’s sleepy. Sometimes it’s trying to calm down if it feels worried.”，可知狗打哈欠有时是为了冷静下来，对应选项C。
(3) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“chocolate can be very dangerous for dogs because it contains theobromine (可可碱), which is harmful to them.”，可知巧克力含有的可可碱对狗有害，对应选项A。
(4) 主旨大意题：第三段主要讲述狗能被训练完成多种任务，如帮助残障人士、协助警察、搜寻毒品/炸弹等，核心是狗能学很多事帮助他人，对应选项C。
(5) 主旨大意题：全文围绕狗的有趣事实及相关信息展开，对应选项B。
【答案】
(1)B (2)C (3)A (4)C (5)B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找、主旨归纳
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，侧重考查学生提取细节信息和归纳主旨的能力，题目设置常规，需学生仔细阅读原文定位关键内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类英语阅读理解题，需遵循“先读问题，带着问题回原文定位关键信息，再核对选项”的思路。细节题需精准找到原文对应句子选出答案；主旨题需梳理段落或全文核心内容，排除偏离主旨的选项。
【解析】
(1) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句“Every dog’s nose is different, like a human fingerprint.”，可知狗的鼻子和人类指纹一样独特，对应选项B。
(2) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“When a dog yawns, it’s not always because it’s sleepy. Sometimes it’s trying to calm down if it feels worried.”，可知狗打哈欠有时是为了冷静下来，对应选项C。
(3) 细节理解题：定位原文第二段“chocolate can be very dangerous for dogs because it contains theobromine (可可碱), which is harmful to them.”，可知巧克力含有的可可碱对狗有害，对应选项A。
(4) 主旨大意题：第三段主要讲述狗能被训练完成多种任务，如帮助残障人士、协助警察、搜寻毒品/炸弹等，核心是狗能学很多事帮助他人，对应选项C。
(5) 主旨大意题：全文围绕狗的有趣事实及相关信息展开，对应选项B。
【答案】
(1)B (2)C (3)A (4)C (5)B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找、主旨归纳
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，侧重考查学生提取细节信息和归纳主旨的能力，题目设置常规，需学生仔细阅读原文定位关键内容即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.6
