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三、选词填空
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次。
As we all know, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. Today let me introduce another famous river to you—the Yellow River.
The Yellow River is the 1 longest river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud and sand. About ninety per cent of the mud and sand in the Yellow River comes from the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The Loess Plateau is loose (松软的) and washed away 2. As a result, a lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River when the 3 season comes.
The Yellow River 4 the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Its shape is similar to “几”. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and finally runs into the Bohai Sea. It 5 an area about 752,443 square kilometres. The Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometres long. In fact, it is a little 6 than the Yangtze River.
In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the 7 birthplace. Ancient Chinese people lived on this land, worked hard and created a rich culture. Today, the area around the Yellow River is very important for 8. The Yellow River also provides water for factories' 9 and people's lives. What's more, the Yellow River plays an important role in Chinese culture. People created a lot of poems, paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is 10 China. We call it the “Mother River”. We love our Mother River!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空,每个单词或短语限用一次。
As we all know, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. Today let me introduce another famous river to you—the Yellow River.
The Yellow River is the 1 longest river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud and sand. About ninety per cent of the mud and sand in the Yellow River comes from the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The Loess Plateau is loose (松软的) and washed away 2. As a result, a lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River when the 3 season comes.
The Yellow River 4 the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Its shape is similar to “几”. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and finally runs into the Bohai Sea. It 5 an area about 752,443 square kilometres. The Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometres long. In fact, it is a little 6 than the Yangtze River.
In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the 7 birthplace. Ancient Chinese people lived on this land, worked hard and created a rich culture. Today, the area around the Yellow River is very important for 8. The Yellow River also provides water for factories' 9 and people's lives. What's more, the Yellow River plays an important role in Chinese culture. People created a lot of poems, paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is 10 China. We call it the “Mother River”. We love our Mother River!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了黄河作为中国第二长河的地理特征、泥沙来源、流域面积及其在中国历史和文化中的重要性，强调了黄河作为母亲河的象征意义。
1. second 2. easily 3. rainy 4. rises in 5. covers
6. shorter 7. most important 8. farming 9. production
10. a symbol of
1. second 2. easily 3. rainy 4. rises in 5. covers
6. shorter 7. most important 8. farming 9. production
10. a symbol of
解析
【分析】
这道题是短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：
1. 首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍黄河的相关地理、历史文化常识，同时梳理方框内给出的10个备选词/短语，明确每个词的基本含义，且题目要求每个词仅能使用一次。
2. 逐空结合上下文语境、语法规则判断所需的词性、词形变化：先结合常识和句意锁定对应备选词，再根据空格前后的修饰关系、时态、比较级最高级等规则对单词做正确变形，全部填完后通读全文验证逻辑通顺，确认没有重复使用词汇。
【解析】
1. 句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。结合常识和备选词two，此处需要将基数词two变为序数词second，符合“the+序数词+形容词最高级”的常用结构。
2. 句意：黄土高原土质松软，很容易被冲走。此处需要副词修饰动词短语washed away，备选词easy是形容词，变为副词easily表示“容易地”。
3. 句意：因此当雨季来临时，大量泥沙流入黄河。此处需要形容词修饰名词season，备选词rain变为形容词rainy，表示“下雨的”，rainy season即雨季。
4. 句意：黄河发源于青藏高原。主语The Yellow River是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，备选短语rise in变为rises in，表示“起源于、发源于”，符合地理常识。
5. 句意：它覆盖面积约752443平方公里。主语It是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，备选词cover变为covers，表示“覆盖”。
6. 句意：事实上，它比长江稍短一点。空格后有than表示比较，需要用形容词比较级，备选词short的比较级shorter，表示“更短的”，符合黄河长度短于长江的常识。
7. 句意：在历史上，黄河是最重要的发源地。空格前有定冠词the，结合语境需要用形容词最高级，备选词important的最高级是most important，表示“最重要的”。
8. 句意：如今黄河周边区域对农业非常重要。介词for后需要接名词，备选词farm变为farming，表示“农业、农耕”，符合语境。
9. 句意：黄河也为工厂生产和人们的生活提供水源。名词所有格factories'后需要接名词，备选词produce是动词，变为名词production，表示“生产”。
10. 句意：黄河是中国的一个象征，我们称它为“母亲河”。剩余的备选短语a symbol of表示“……的象征”，完全符合语境。
【答案】
1. second
2. easily
3. rainy
4. rises in
5. covers
6. shorter
7. most important
8. farming
9. production
10. a symbol of
【知识点】
词性转换，形容词比较级最高级，动词第三人称单数
【点评】
本题结合黄河相关的文化、地理常识考查选词填空，既要求学生掌握备选词汇的含义，又要能结合语法规则判断词形的正确变形，同时兼顾上下文逻辑验证，能有效考查学生的词汇应用能力和语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
这道题是短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：
1. 首先通读全文，明确文章主题是介绍黄河的相关地理、历史文化常识，同时梳理方框内给出的10个备选词/短语，明确每个词的基本含义，且题目要求每个词仅能使用一次。
2. 逐空结合上下文语境、语法规则判断所需的词性、词形变化：先结合常识和句意锁定对应备选词，再根据空格前后的修饰关系、时态、比较级最高级等规则对单词做正确变形，全部填完后通读全文验证逻辑通顺，确认没有重复使用词汇。
【解析】
1. 句意：黄河是中国第二长的河流。结合常识和备选词two，此处需要将基数词two变为序数词second，符合“the+序数词+形容词最高级”的常用结构。
2. 句意：黄土高原土质松软，很容易被冲走。此处需要副词修饰动词短语washed away，备选词easy是形容词，变为副词easily表示“容易地”。
3. 句意：因此当雨季来临时，大量泥沙流入黄河。此处需要形容词修饰名词season，备选词rain变为形容词rainy，表示“下雨的”，rainy season即雨季。
4. 句意：黄河发源于青藏高原。主语The Yellow River是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，备选短语rise in变为rises in，表示“起源于、发源于”，符合地理常识。
5. 句意：它覆盖面积约752443平方公里。主语It是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，备选词cover变为covers，表示“覆盖”。
6. 句意：事实上，它比长江稍短一点。空格后有than表示比较，需要用形容词比较级，备选词short的比较级shorter，表示“更短的”，符合黄河长度短于长江的常识。
7. 句意：在历史上，黄河是最重要的发源地。空格前有定冠词the，结合语境需要用形容词最高级，备选词important的最高级是most important，表示“最重要的”。
8. 句意：如今黄河周边区域对农业非常重要。介词for后需要接名词，备选词farm变为farming，表示“农业、农耕”，符合语境。
9. 句意：黄河也为工厂生产和人们的生活提供水源。名词所有格factories'后需要接名词，备选词produce是动词，变为名词production，表示“生产”。
10. 句意：黄河是中国的一个象征，我们称它为“母亲河”。剩余的备选短语a symbol of表示“……的象征”，完全符合语境。
【答案】
1. second
2. easily
3. rainy
4. rises in
5. covers
6. shorter
7. most important
8. farming
9. production
10. a symbol of
【知识点】
词性转换，形容词比较级最高级，动词第三人称单数
【点评】
本题结合黄河相关的文化、地理常识考查选词填空，既要求学生掌握备选词汇的含义，又要能结合语法规则判断词形的正确变形，同时兼顾上下文逻辑验证，能有效考查学生的词汇应用能力和语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、任务型阅读
阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词,每个空格只填一个单词。
Chen-Ning Yang: A Great Physicist Who Loved His Country
Chen-Ning Yang was a world-famous physicist. He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China.
Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui in 1922. When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science. During the war, he studied at Southwest Associated University. Later, he went to the US to learn more. In 1948, he got his doctor's degree (学位) from the University of Chicago and started his work in science.
Yang did a lot for physics. In 1954, he and Mills made the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory”—it became one of the important bases of modern physics. In 1956, he worked with Tsung-Dao Lee and put forward a new theory about the universe (宇宙). This theory changed how people thought about the world. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize. He also found the “Yang-Baxter Equation”, which opened new ways for studying physics and maths.
Even though he lived abroad for many years, Yang always cared about China. In 1971, when relations (关系) between China and the US got better, he came back to China soon. He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. Later, he taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books to help China's science and education grow.
Chen-Ning Yang's life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country. His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的表格里填入最恰当的单词,每个空格只填一个单词。
Chen-Ning Yang: A Great Physicist Who Loved His Country
Chen-Ning Yang was a world-famous physicist. He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103. His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China.
Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui in 1922. When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science. During the war, he studied at Southwest Associated University. Later, he went to the US to learn more. In 1948, he got his doctor's degree (学位) from the University of Chicago and started his work in science.
Yang did a lot for physics. In 1954, he and Mills made the “Yang-Mills Gauge Theory”—it became one of the important bases of modern physics. In 1956, he worked with Tsung-Dao Lee and put forward a new theory about the universe (宇宙). This theory changed how people thought about the world. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize. He also found the “Yang-Baxter Equation”, which opened new ways for studying physics and maths.
Even though he lived abroad for many years, Yang always cared about China. In 1971, when relations (关系) between China and the US got better, he came back to China soon. He helped China talk and learn from other countries in science. Later, he taught at Tsinghua University and tried his best to teach young scientists. He raised money, invited great teachers, and gave away many books to help China's science and education grow.
Chen-Ning Yang's life was like a great story of exploring the unknown and loving his country. His spirit of seeking truth and caring for his motherland will always encourage us.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名物理学家杨振宁的一生，包括他的早年生活、学业、对物理学的贡献以及对祖国的热爱。
1. died 2. full 3. interest 4. experiences 5. study/education 6. ideas/thoughts/opinions/views 7. winners 8. both 9. improved 10. hard
1. died 2. full 3. interest 4. experiences 5. study/education 6. ideas/thoughts/opinions/views 7. winners 8. both 9. improved 10. hard
解析
【分析】
这道题是阅读类的任务型填空题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读完整原文，梳理文章脉络，明确文章从生平介绍、早年求学经历、物理领域贡献、爱国情怀四个部分介绍杨振宁的事迹。
2. 逐空定位表格对应的原文内容，找到同义表达，结合固定搭配、时态、单复数规则推导答案，同时严格遵守“每个空格仅填一个单词”的要求：
① 第1空对应原文“passed away”，替换为表示去世的动词过去式；
② 第2空对应固定搭配be filled with，同义转换为be full of；
③ 第3空对应原文“became very interested in”，转换为名词形式匹配show ... in的结构；
④ 第4空对应板块内容，该部分介绍他早年生活和求学的相关经历，填写符合语境的名词；
⑤ 第5空对应“go to US to learn more”，匹配further的常用搭配；
⑥ 第6空对应“changed how people thought about the world”，转换为表示观点、认知的名词；
⑦ 第7空对应两人获得诺贝尔奖的事实，填写表示获奖者的复数名词；
⑧ 第8空后文出现and连接两个学科，匹配both...and...的固定结构；
⑨ 第9空对应“中美关系变好”，转换为动词过去式表示改善关系；
⑩ 第10空对应“tried his best”，转换为副词修饰动作，表示努力做某事。
【解析】
1. 由原文第一段“He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103”可知，杨振宁2025年在北京离世，事情发生在过去，用die的过去式died。
2. 由原文第一段“His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China”，固定搭配be full of = be filled with，表示“充满”，填full。
3. 由原文第二段“When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science”，固定搭配show interest in表示“对……展现出兴趣”，填interest。
4. 该板块内容介绍了杨振宁从出生到取得博士学位的早年生活和求学相关的经历，填experiences，复数形式符合多件事的语境。
5. 由原文第二段“Later, he went to the US to learn more”，固定搭配further study/ further education表示“深造”，填study/education。
6. 由原文第三段“This theory changed how people thought about the world”，可知这个理论改变了人们对世界的看法，可填ideas/thoughts/opinions/views，都符合语义。
7. 由原文第三段“they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize”，可知他们是诺贝尔奖的获得者，两个人，填复数winners。
8. 由后文“physics and maths study”，固定搭配both...and...表示“两者都”，指代物理和数学两个领域，填both。
9. 由原文第四段“when relations between China and the US got better”，可知1971年中国改善了和美国的关系，事情发生在过去，填improve的过去式improved。
10. 由原文第四段“tried his best to teach young scientists”，固定搭配try hard to do sth. 表示“努力做某事”，填hard。
【答案】
1. died 2. full 3. interest 4. experiences 5. study/education 6. ideas/thoughts/opinions/views 7. winners 8. both 9. improved 10. hard
【知识点】
任务型阅读，固定搭配，词形转换
【点评】
本题难度适中，重点考查学生在阅读理解原文的基础上，进行同义转换、匹配固定搭配的能力，需要学生注意时态、名词单复数的细节，同时要严格遵守一空一词的答题要求，避免出现形式错误。
【难度系数】
0.6
这道题是阅读类的任务型填空题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读完整原文，梳理文章脉络，明确文章从生平介绍、早年求学经历、物理领域贡献、爱国情怀四个部分介绍杨振宁的事迹。
2. 逐空定位表格对应的原文内容，找到同义表达，结合固定搭配、时态、单复数规则推导答案，同时严格遵守“每个空格仅填一个单词”的要求：
① 第1空对应原文“passed away”，替换为表示去世的动词过去式；
② 第2空对应固定搭配be filled with，同义转换为be full of；
③ 第3空对应原文“became very interested in”，转换为名词形式匹配show ... in的结构；
④ 第4空对应板块内容，该部分介绍他早年生活和求学的相关经历，填写符合语境的名词；
⑤ 第5空对应“go to US to learn more”，匹配further的常用搭配；
⑥ 第6空对应“changed how people thought about the world”，转换为表示观点、认知的名词；
⑦ 第7空对应两人获得诺贝尔奖的事实，填写表示获奖者的复数名词；
⑧ 第8空后文出现and连接两个学科，匹配both...and...的固定结构；
⑨ 第9空对应“中美关系变好”，转换为动词过去式表示改善关系；
⑩ 第10空对应“tried his best”，转换为副词修饰动作，表示努力做某事。
【解析】
1. 由原文第一段“He passed away in Beijing at the age of 103”可知，杨振宁2025年在北京离世，事情发生在过去，用die的过去式died。
2. 由原文第一段“His life was filled with great success in science and deep love for China”，固定搭配be full of = be filled with，表示“充满”，填full。
3. 由原文第二段“When he was a little boy, he became very interested in science”，固定搭配show interest in表示“对……展现出兴趣”，填interest。
4. 该板块内容介绍了杨振宁从出生到取得博士学位的早年生活和求学相关的经历，填experiences，复数形式符合多件事的语境。
5. 由原文第二段“Later, he went to the US to learn more”，固定搭配further study/ further education表示“深造”，填study/education。
6. 由原文第三段“This theory changed how people thought about the world”，可知这个理论改变了人们对世界的看法，可填ideas/thoughts/opinions/views，都符合语义。
7. 由原文第三段“they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. They were the first Chinese scientists to get this big prize”，可知他们是诺贝尔奖的获得者，两个人，填复数winners。
8. 由后文“physics and maths study”，固定搭配both...and...表示“两者都”，指代物理和数学两个领域，填both。
9. 由原文第四段“when relations between China and the US got better”，可知1971年中国改善了和美国的关系，事情发生在过去，填improve的过去式improved。
10. 由原文第四段“tried his best to teach young scientists”，固定搭配try hard to do sth. 表示“努力做某事”，填hard。
【答案】
1. died 2. full 3. interest 4. experiences 5. study/education 6. ideas/thoughts/opinions/views 7. winners 8. both 9. improved 10. hard
【知识点】
任务型阅读，固定搭配，词形转换
【点评】
本题难度适中，重点考查学生在阅读理解原文的基础上，进行同义转换、匹配固定搭配的能力，需要学生注意时态、名词单复数的细节，同时要严格遵守一空一词的答题要求，避免出现形式错误。
【难度系数】
0.6
