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四、词汇运用(每小题1分,满分10分)
A)根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
41. My father has many good qualities, and being
42. The
can stay together.
43. There was a big h
44. Stay a
45. In order to lose w
popular.
B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. I think finding a good study partner is a
47. I try to rebuild my
48. I can rest easy, knowing that she's
49. Every life is worth
50. What's the rule? "No
A)根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
41. My father has many good qualities, and being
hard-working
(辛勤的) is the least outstanding one.42. The
round
(圆形的) moon is a symbol of family reunion, and everyone hopes their loved onescan stay together.
43. There was a big h
ole
in his pocket, so he lost all his money on his way home.44. Stay a
awake
, Tim! Students are not allowed to sleep in class.45. In order to lose w
weight
and keep fit, many people start to play sports. The hula hop(呼啦圈) ispopular.
B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
46. I think finding a good study partner is a
useful
(use) way to learn English grammar.47. I try to rebuild my
relationship
(relation) with my best friend after a big fight.48. I can rest easy, knowing that she's
safely
(safe) home.49. Every life is worth
saving
(save) in a fire, even a little cat.50. What's the rule? "No
fighting
(fight). Be friends with your classmates."答案
A)41. hard-working 42. round 43. hole 44. awake
45. weight
B)46. useful 47. relationship 48. safely 49. saving
50. fighting
45. weight
B)46. useful 47. relationship 48. safely 49. saving
50. fighting
解析
【分析】
这道词汇运用题分为A、B两个部分，解题思路可以分模块梳理：1. A部分汉译英类题目：首先明确空格所需的词性，结合给出的中文提示回忆对应正确的英文单词，注意拼写准确；首字母填空类题目先通读后半句的语境，根据语义逻辑推断空格处的含义，匹配对应首字母的正确单词，同时注意形式符合语法要求。2. B部分词形转换题目：先分析句子结构，判断空格处需要的词性，再将括号内给出的基础单词转换为对应的正确形式，同时留意固定搭配的特殊变形规则，就能顺利完成所有题目。
【解析】
41. 此处作being的表语，需要填入形容词，“辛勤的”对应的英文形容词为hard-working，符合语境。
42. 此处修饰后面的名词moon，需要填入形容词，“圆形的”对应的英文形容词为round。
43. 根据后文“他丢了所有的钱”的提示，结合首字母h，可知是口袋上有洞，hole意为“洞”，前面有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式即可。
44. 根据后文“学生不允许上课睡觉”的提示，结合首字母a，固定搭配stay awake意为“保持清醒”，awake符合要求。
45. 根据后文“保持健身、做运动”的提示，固定搭配lose weight意为“减肥”，是常用短语，填入weight。
46. 此处修饰后面的名词way，需要将动词use变为形容词useful，意为“有用的”，作定语修饰way。
47. 形容词性物主代词my后面需要接名词，基础词转换为名词relationship，意为“人际关系”，符合“和好友重建关系”的语境。
48. 此处修饰副词home，需要将形容词safe变为副词safely，意为“安全地”，作状语修饰动作。
49. 固定搭配be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表达被动含义，因此将save变为动名词saving。
50. 警示规则的常用表达为“No + 动名词”，表示“禁止做某事”，因此将fight变为动名词fighting。
【答案】
41. hard-working
42. round
43. hole
44. awake
45. weight
46. useful
47. relationship
48. safely
49. saving
50. fighting
【知识点】
词汇拼写，词形转换，固定短语
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的基础词汇考察题型，覆盖了形容词、名词、副词等多类词性的应用，既考察学生对课标核心词汇的记忆拼写能力，也锻炼学生结合语境推断词义、判断所需词性完成词形变换的能力，考点都是日常学习中的高频基础内容，适合用来巩固单元词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.8
这道词汇运用题分为A、B两个部分，解题思路可以分模块梳理：1. A部分汉译英类题目：首先明确空格所需的词性，结合给出的中文提示回忆对应正确的英文单词，注意拼写准确；首字母填空类题目先通读后半句的语境，根据语义逻辑推断空格处的含义，匹配对应首字母的正确单词，同时注意形式符合语法要求。2. B部分词形转换题目：先分析句子结构，判断空格处需要的词性，再将括号内给出的基础单词转换为对应的正确形式，同时留意固定搭配的特殊变形规则，就能顺利完成所有题目。
【解析】
41. 此处作being的表语，需要填入形容词，“辛勤的”对应的英文形容词为hard-working，符合语境。
42. 此处修饰后面的名词moon，需要填入形容词，“圆形的”对应的英文形容词为round。
43. 根据后文“他丢了所有的钱”的提示，结合首字母h，可知是口袋上有洞，hole意为“洞”，前面有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式即可。
44. 根据后文“学生不允许上课睡觉”的提示，结合首字母a，固定搭配stay awake意为“保持清醒”，awake符合要求。
45. 根据后文“保持健身、做运动”的提示，固定搭配lose weight意为“减肥”，是常用短语，填入weight。
46. 此处修饰后面的名词way，需要将动词use变为形容词useful，意为“有用的”，作定语修饰way。
47. 形容词性物主代词my后面需要接名词，基础词转换为名词relationship，意为“人际关系”，符合“和好友重建关系”的语境。
48. 此处修饰副词home，需要将形容词safe变为副词safely，意为“安全地”，作状语修饰动作。
49. 固定搭配be worth doing意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表达被动含义，因此将save变为动名词saving。
50. 警示规则的常用表达为“No + 动名词”，表示“禁止做某事”，因此将fight变为动名词fighting。
【答案】
41. hard-working
42. round
43. hole
44. awake
45. weight
46. useful
47. relationship
48. safely
49. saving
50. fighting
【知识点】
词汇拼写，词形转换，固定短语
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的基础词汇考察题型，覆盖了形容词、名词、副词等多类词性的应用，既考察学生对课标核心词汇的记忆拼写能力，也锻炼学生结合语境推断词义、判断所需词性完成词形变换的能力，考点都是日常学习中的高频基础内容，适合用来巩固单元词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.8
五、任务型阅读(每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面的短文,并根据所读内容,在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词。
Birds are building their nests(巢) with rubbish, said a new study. The rubbish includes cigarette
butts(烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that
birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on the earth, not including Antarctica.
Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds like putting it in their nests. For example,
cigarette butts have some chemicals(化学物质), so they can keep insects away and protect their babies.
Plastic bags are helpful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can
make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic(有毒的)
chemicals in cigarettes hurt their babies. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a 2014
study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may
set fire to the nest, which is deadly. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it's impossible for
them to get out by themselves. If their babies eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get
hurt. Birds are feeling the bad effects(影响) of humans polluting the environment.
51.
56.
阅读下面的短文,并根据所读内容,在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词。
Birds are building their nests(巢) with rubbish, said a new study. The rubbish includes cigarette
butts(烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that
birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on the earth, not including Antarctica.
Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds like putting it in their nests. For example,
cigarette butts have some chemicals(化学物质), so they can keep insects away and protect their babies.
Plastic bags are helpful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can
make nests stronger.
However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic(有毒的)
chemicals in cigarettes hurt their babies. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a 2014
study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may
set fire to the nest, which is deadly. Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it's impossible for
them to get out by themselves. If their babies eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get
hurt. Birds are feeling the bad effects(影响) of humans polluting the environment.
51.
build
52. humans
53. safe
54. warmth
55. stronger
56.
Bad
57. illness/sickness
58. lose
59. chance/way
60. eating
答案
51. build 52. humans 53. safe 54. warmth 55. stronger
56. Bad 57. illness/sickness 58. lose 59. chance/way
60. eating
56. Bad 57. illness/sickness 58. lose 59. chance/way
60. eating
解析
【分析】
这是一篇表格型任务型阅读，解题时可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨：本文介绍了鸟类利用垃圾筑巢的现象，分别阐述了这类行为的暂时作用和潜在危害。2. 逐空对应表格的句意，回到原文精准定位相关语句，比对表格的句式结构，将原文内容转换为符合空格语法要求的单词，注意每空仅填一个词，保证语义匹配、形式正确。
【解析】
51. 定位原文首句"Birds are building their nests with rubbish"，表格中固定结构use sth. to do sth. 后接动词原形，因此填build。
52. 定位原文第二段"birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on the earth, not including Antarctica"，人造物品即人类制造的物品，因此填humans。
53. 定位原文第三段"so they can keep insects away and protect their babies"，表格结构keep sb. + adj. 表示使某人处于某种状态，保护幼鸟即让幼鸟保持安全，因此填safe。
54. 定位原文第三段"Plastic bags are helpful in keeping the animals warm"，表格中空格作keep的宾语补足语，用warm的名词形式，因此填warmth。
55. 定位原文第三段"such as paper cards, can make nests stronger"，对应句意硬纸板可以帮助鸟类搭建更牢固的巢穴，因此填stronger。
56. 表格右侧所有内容都是垃圾给鸟类带来的负面危害，对应原文的bad effects，位于小标题首字母大写，因此填Bad。
57. 定位原文第四段"They may get sick or have shorter lives"，表格中动词cause后接名词作宾语，sick对应的名词为illness或sickness，因此填illness/sickness。
58. 定位原文第五段"it may set fire to the nest, which is deadly"，如果香烟引燃鸟巢，鸟类会失去生命，情态动词might后接动词原形，因此填lose。
59. 定位原文第五段"Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it's impossible for them to get out by themselves"，即鸟类被困后没有办法/机会逃脱，固定搭配have no chance/way to do sth.，因此填chance/way。
60. 定位原文第五段"If their babies eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt"，空格处作后置定语修饰baby birds，用现在分词形式，因此填eating。
【答案】
51. build 52. humans 53. safe 54. warmth 55. stronger
56. Bad 57. illness/sickness 58. lose 59. chance/way
60. eating
【知识点】
任务型阅读，原文信息定位，词形转换
【点评】
本题难度适中，大部分空格都可以通过直接定位原文找到对应线索，仅少数空格需要结合语法规则进行词性转换，既考查学生快速查找文本关键信息的能力，也检验学生对词形变换、固定搭配的掌握程度，提醒学生完成这类题型时不能直接照搬原文内容，要结合表格的句式语法要求调整单词形式。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇表格型任务型阅读，解题时可以按照以下思路进行：1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨：本文介绍了鸟类利用垃圾筑巢的现象，分别阐述了这类行为的暂时作用和潜在危害。2. 逐空对应表格的句意，回到原文精准定位相关语句，比对表格的句式结构，将原文内容转换为符合空格语法要求的单词，注意每空仅填一个词，保证语义匹配、形式正确。
【解析】
51. 定位原文首句"Birds are building their nests with rubbish"，表格中固定结构use sth. to do sth. 后接动词原形，因此填build。
52. 定位原文第二段"birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on the earth, not including Antarctica"，人造物品即人类制造的物品，因此填humans。
53. 定位原文第三段"so they can keep insects away and protect their babies"，表格结构keep sb. + adj. 表示使某人处于某种状态，保护幼鸟即让幼鸟保持安全，因此填safe。
54. 定位原文第三段"Plastic bags are helpful in keeping the animals warm"，表格中空格作keep的宾语补足语，用warm的名词形式，因此填warmth。
55. 定位原文第三段"such as paper cards, can make nests stronger"，对应句意硬纸板可以帮助鸟类搭建更牢固的巢穴，因此填stronger。
56. 表格右侧所有内容都是垃圾给鸟类带来的负面危害，对应原文的bad effects，位于小标题首字母大写，因此填Bad。
57. 定位原文第四段"They may get sick or have shorter lives"，表格中动词cause后接名词作宾语，sick对应的名词为illness或sickness，因此填illness/sickness。
58. 定位原文第五段"it may set fire to the nest, which is deadly"，如果香烟引燃鸟巢，鸟类会失去生命，情态动词might后接动词原形，因此填lose。
59. 定位原文第五段"Pieces of fishing net may also trap birds, and it's impossible for them to get out by themselves"，即鸟类被困后没有办法/机会逃脱，固定搭配have no chance/way to do sth.，因此填chance/way。
60. 定位原文第五段"If their babies eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt"，空格处作后置定语修饰baby birds，用现在分词形式，因此填eating。
【答案】
51. build 52. humans 53. safe 54. warmth 55. stronger
56. Bad 57. illness/sickness 58. lose 59. chance/way
60. eating
【知识点】
任务型阅读，原文信息定位，词形转换
【点评】
本题难度适中，大部分空格都可以通过直接定位原文找到对应线索，仅少数空格需要结合语法规则进行词性转换，既考查学生快速查找文本关键信息的能力，也检验学生对词形变换、固定搭配的掌握程度，提醒学生完成这类题型时不能直接照搬原文内容，要结合表格的句式语法要求调整单词形式。
【难度系数】
0.6
