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四、阅读理解
An old saying used for predicting the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors'（水手）delight（高兴）. Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning（警告）.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.
Forecasting（预报）the weather has been practised for thousands of years. In the 5th century B.C., the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send detailed forecasts further in advance（提前）. They use scientific skills to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots（飞行员）, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, now most of us can simply check on the smartphone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.
If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules that are used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure（压力）usually means coming rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to the higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may have an effect on birds' ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!
（
A. The beauty of sunrise. B. The night sky.
C. The signs of the weather. D. The sailors' work.
（
A. give daily weather reports on TV B. carry out studies on nature
C. take an interest in plants D. do scientific studies of weather
（
A. The reasons for terrible weather.
B. A true story about weather forecasting.
C. Different ways of forecasting the weather.
D. The problems in forecasting the weather.
（
A. It'll be sunny if ants move to higher places.
B. The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air.
C. Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure.
D. It'll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise.
（
A. To encourage people to get close to nature.
B. To express the need for weather forecasting.
C. To show nature can tell us about the weather.
D. To discuss how important weather forecasting is.
An old saying used for predicting the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors'（水手）delight（高兴）. Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning（警告）.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.
Forecasting（预报）the weather has been practised for thousands of years. In the 5th century B.C., the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send detailed forecasts further in advance（提前）. They use scientific skills to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots（飞行员）, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, now most of us can simply check on the smartphone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.
If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules that are used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure（压力）usually means coming rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to the higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may have an effect on birds' ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!
（
C
）1. What is the old saying about?A. The beauty of sunrise. B. The night sky.
C. The signs of the weather. D. The sailors' work.
（
D
）2. The underlined word “meteorologists” means the people who .A. give daily weather reports on TV B. carry out studies on nature
C. take an interest in plants D. do scientific studies of weather
（
C
）3. Which of the following is introduced in Paragraph 2?A. The reasons for terrible weather.
B. A true story about weather forecasting.
C. Different ways of forecasting the weather.
D. The problems in forecasting the weather.
（
B
）4. What do we know from the last paragraph?A. It'll be sunny if ants move to higher places.
B. The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air.
C. Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure.
D. It'll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise.
（
C
）5. What is the writer's purpose in writing the text?A. To encourage people to get close to nature.
B. To express the need for weather forecasting.
C. To show nature can tell us about the weather.
D. To discuss how important weather forecasting is.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先通读全文，明确文章围绕“自然迹象可预测天气”展开；然后针对每道题，回到原文定位对应信息，逐一分析选项，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段第一句“An old saying used for predicting the weather”可知，该古老谚语用于预测天气，属于天气的迹象，A（日出之美）、B（夜空）、D（水手的工作）均与原文不符，故选C。
2. 第二段提到“meteorologists send detailed forecasts further in advance. They use scientific skills to study weather conditions around the world”，说明这类人是研究天气的科学家，A（电视播报天气的人）、B（研究自然的人）、C（对植物感兴趣的人）均不符合，故选D。
3. 第二段分别介绍了古希腊水手用自然迹象预报天气、现代气象学家用科学方法预报天气，即不同的天气预报方式，A（恶劣天气的原因）、B（天气预报的真实故事）、D（天气预报的问题）均未提及，故选C。
4. 最后一段明确指出“their smells are stronger in wet air”，A（蚂蚁移到高处是晴天）、C（鸟因低气压飞高）、D（日出西边彩虹会下雨）均与原文不符，故选B。
5. 全文围绕自然中的各种迹象（如天空颜色、动植物变化等）能反映天气情况展开，A（鼓励亲近自然）、B（表达天气预报的必要性）、D（讨论天气预报的重要性）均不是作者写作目的，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇科普类阅读理解，以天气预测为核心，题型涵盖细节查找、词义推断和主旨把握，需要学生具备快速定位原文信息的能力，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这篇阅读理解时，首先通读全文，明确文章围绕“自然迹象可预测天气”展开；然后针对每道题，回到原文定位对应信息，逐一分析选项，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段第一句“An old saying used for predicting the weather”可知，该古老谚语用于预测天气，属于天气的迹象，A（日出之美）、B（夜空）、D（水手的工作）均与原文不符，故选C。
2. 第二段提到“meteorologists send detailed forecasts further in advance. They use scientific skills to study weather conditions around the world”，说明这类人是研究天气的科学家，A（电视播报天气的人）、B（研究自然的人）、C（对植物感兴趣的人）均不符合，故选D。
3. 第二段分别介绍了古希腊水手用自然迹象预报天气、现代气象学家用科学方法预报天气，即不同的天气预报方式，A（恶劣天气的原因）、B（天气预报的真实故事）、D（天气预报的问题）均未提及，故选C。
4. 最后一段明确指出“their smells are stronger in wet air”，A（蚂蚁移到高处是晴天）、C（鸟因低气压飞高）、D（日出西边彩虹会下雨）均与原文不符，故选B。
5. 全文围绕自然中的各种迹象（如天空颜色、动植物变化等）能反映天气情况展开，A（鼓励亲近自然）、B（表达天气预报的必要性）、D（讨论天气预报的重要性）均不是作者写作目的，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇科普类阅读理解，以天气预测为核心，题型涵盖细节查找、词义推断和主旨把握，需要学生具备快速定位原文信息的能力，整体难度适中，适合初中阶段学生巩固阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
