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二、用方框中所给单词或词组的正确形式替换各句画线部分
break fine separate successfully run out make a big difference
1. The art teacher divided the class into two groups for the project.
2. The driver was made to pay money for parking in the wrong place.
3. A little help can have an important effect.
4. The experiment was completed well by the young scientists.
5. Please don’t do anything that is against the school rules during playtime.
6. Tom had almost finished solving the problem when his time was used up.
break fine separate successfully run out make a big difference
1. The art teacher divided the class into two groups for the project.
2. The driver was made to pay money for parking in the wrong place.
3. A little help can have an important effect.
4. The experiment was completed well by the young scientists.
5. Please don’t do anything that is against the school rules during playtime.
6. Tom had almost finished solving the problem when his time was used up.
答案
separated
fined
make a big difference
successfully
break
ran out
fined
make a big difference
successfully
break
ran out
解析
【解析】
1. 画线部分divided意为“划分，分开”，与separate意思相近，句子为一般过去时，故填separated。
2. 画线部分made to pay money表示“被罚款”，对应fine的被动形式fined，符合语境，故填fined。
3. 画线部分have an important effect意为“产生重要影响”，与make a big difference意思一致，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填make a big difference。
4. 画线部分well在此处表示“成功地”，与successfully意思相近，副词修饰动词completed，故填successfully。
5. 画线部分against the school rules意为“违反校规”，与break（违反）意思一致，don't后接动词原形，故填break。
6. 画线部分was used up意为“用完，耗尽”，与run out意思相近，句子为一般过去时，故填ran out。
【答案】
1. separated
2. fined
3. make a big difference
4. successfully
5. break
6. ran out
【知识点】
词义辨析与替换、动词形式变化、时态语态运用
【点评】
本题主要考查对动词及动词短语的词义理解，要求学生结合句子的时态、语态和语境，准确选择合适的词汇并变换正确形式，有助于提升学生的词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 画线部分divided意为“划分，分开”，与separate意思相近，句子为一般过去时，故填separated。
2. 画线部分made to pay money表示“被罚款”，对应fine的被动形式fined，符合语境，故填fined。
3. 画线部分have an important effect意为“产生重要影响”，与make a big difference意思一致，情态动词can后接动词原形，故填make a big difference。
4. 画线部分well在此处表示“成功地”，与successfully意思相近，副词修饰动词completed，故填successfully。
5. 画线部分against the school rules意为“违反校规”，与break（违反）意思一致，don't后接动词原形，故填break。
6. 画线部分was used up意为“用完，耗尽”，与run out意思相近，句子为一般过去时，故填ran out。
【答案】
1. separated
2. fined
3. make a big difference
4. successfully
5. break
6. ran out
【知识点】
词义辨析与替换、动词形式变化、时态语态运用
【点评】
本题主要考查对动词及动词短语的词义理解，要求学生结合句子的时态、语态和语境，准确选择合适的词汇并变换正确形式，有助于提升学生的词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。
Cash Daniels, 15, became interested in the environment a few years ago after finding plastic on a beach. It made him think about (1) plastic pollution harms rivers and oceans.
He later learnt that rivers are at the heart of the problem. A study showed that at least 1,000 rivers carry lots of plastic into our oceans. This (2) (worry) Cash because his hometown, Chattanooga, is on the Tennessee River—one of the most polluted rivers in the world. (3) the help of his family, Cash took the first step towards change—cleaning up the river. It quickly went from a family act to a community effort with (4) (volunteer) and neighbours.
Cash has also worked with businesses to recycle aluminium (铝) cans. So far, he has (5) (recycle) over 2,000 pounds of such cans, using the money to support river protection.
He loves sea animals and wants to keep them safe. To help them, he placed special bins for people to throw away old fishing line along the river. This prevents birds and other animals from getting (6) (trap) in it.
Cash enjoys drawing people, especially other kids, into (7) (environment) protection. He even wrote a children’s book called One Small Piece, which he once read to the students in his community. In the book, he explains the problem of pollution and looks at how streams, rivers and oceans are all (8) (connect).
He also helped start a group called Cleanup Kids. The team (9) (encourage) children to collect and recycle litter. “Kids may be (10) small part of the world’s population,” Cash says, “but they are 100% of the future.”
Cash Daniels, 15, became interested in the environment a few years ago after finding plastic on a beach. It made him think about (1) plastic pollution harms rivers and oceans.
He later learnt that rivers are at the heart of the problem. A study showed that at least 1,000 rivers carry lots of plastic into our oceans. This (2) (worry) Cash because his hometown, Chattanooga, is on the Tennessee River—one of the most polluted rivers in the world. (3) the help of his family, Cash took the first step towards change—cleaning up the river. It quickly went from a family act to a community effort with (4) (volunteer) and neighbours.
Cash has also worked with businesses to recycle aluminium (铝) cans. So far, he has (5) (recycle) over 2,000 pounds of such cans, using the money to support river protection.
He loves sea animals and wants to keep them safe. To help them, he placed special bins for people to throw away old fishing line along the river. This prevents birds and other animals from getting (6) (trap) in it.
Cash enjoys drawing people, especially other kids, into (7) (environment) protection. He even wrote a children’s book called One Small Piece, which he once read to the students in his community. In the book, he explains the problem of pollution and looks at how streams, rivers and oceans are all (8) (connect).
He also helped start a group called Cleanup Kids. The team (9) (encourage) children to collect and recycle litter. “Kids may be (10) small part of the world’s population,” Cash says, “but they are 100% of the future.”
答案
how
worried
With
volunteers
recycled
trapped
environmental
connected
encourages
a
worried
With
volunteers
recycled
trapped
environmental
connected
encourages
a
解析
【解析】
1. 第(1)空：空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，表达“塑料污染如何危害河流和海洋”，故填how。
2. 第(2)空：上下文为过去语境，主语This指代前文研究结果，此处需用worry的过去式作谓语，故填worried。
3. 第(3)空：固定搭配with the help of sb.意为“在某人的帮助下”，句首单词首字母大写，故填With。
4. 第(4)空：and连接并列成分，与neighbours（复数名词）并列，此处需用volunteer的复数形式，故填volunteers。
5. 第(5)空：so far是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+过去分词，recycle的过去分词是recycled，故填recycled。
6. 第(6)空：固定搭配get trapped意为“被困住”，此处用过去分词表被动，故填trapped。
7. 第(7)空：此处需形容词修饰名词protection，environment的形容词形式是environmental，故填environmental。
8. 第(8)空：主语streams, rivers and oceans与connect是被动关系，需用过去分词构成被动语态，故填connected。
9. 第(9)空：主语The team表整体，上下文为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填encourages。
10. 第(10)空：固定搭配a small part of意为“……的一小部分”，表泛指，故填a。
【答案】
how; worried; With; volunteers; recycled; trapped; environmental; connected; encourages; a
【知识点】
宾语从句引导词；固定搭配；动词时态与语态
【点评】
本题以环保少年的事迹为载体，综合考查宾语从句、动词时态语态、词性转换及固定搭配等语法点，在考查语言运用能力的同时传递环保理念，要求学生结合语境与语法规则精准作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第(1)空：空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，表达“塑料污染如何危害河流和海洋”，故填how。
2. 第(2)空：上下文为过去语境，主语This指代前文研究结果，此处需用worry的过去式作谓语，故填worried。
3. 第(3)空：固定搭配with the help of sb.意为“在某人的帮助下”，句首单词首字母大写，故填With。
4. 第(4)空：and连接并列成分，与neighbours（复数名词）并列，此处需用volunteer的复数形式，故填volunteers。
5. 第(5)空：so far是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+过去分词，recycle的过去分词是recycled，故填recycled。
6. 第(6)空：固定搭配get trapped意为“被困住”，此处用过去分词表被动，故填trapped。
7. 第(7)空：此处需形容词修饰名词protection，environment的形容词形式是environmental，故填environmental。
8. 第(8)空：主语streams, rivers and oceans与connect是被动关系，需用过去分词构成被动语态，故填connected。
9. 第(9)空：主语The team表整体，上下文为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填encourages。
10. 第(10)空：固定搭配a small part of意为“……的一小部分”，表泛指，故填a。
【答案】
how; worried; With; volunteers; recycled; trapped; environmental; connected; encourages; a
【知识点】
宾语从句引导词；固定搭配；动词时态与语态
【点评】
本题以环保少年的事迹为载体，综合考查宾语从句、动词时态语态、词性转换及固定搭配等语法点，在考查语言运用能力的同时传递环保理念，要求学生结合语境与语法规则精准作答。
【难度系数】
0.6
