Ⅱ. 阅读短文,判断下列句子的正误。正确的写T,错误的写F,并在原文中找出对应的判断依据。
The famous scientist Charles Darwin was born in 1809. As a boy, he loved to explore nature in the fields and forests. He watched everything carefully, wondering what told the plants and animals to grow and change.
Darwin's father hoped that his son would become a doctor. So Darwin was sent to university to be a doctor, but he was not interested. He wanted to research the world of plants and animals. Then, a great chance came. A ship called the Beagle was going on a long trip, and Darwin joined it as a scientist. The exploration lasted for five years.
During the trip, Darwin saw many unknown species. He discovered and recorded different kinds of plants and animals. He found that the same species looked different on different islands. This proved that life was not always the same everywhere. It made him understand that life on earth has changed over long, long time.
When he returned, he continued his studies. He knew that his findings changed old beliefs about how the world began. Many people had old beliefs that all species were created at once and never changed. But Darwin's work unlocked a new secret of nature—the secret of evolution(演化).
In 1859, he wrote his famous book *The Origin of Species*(《物种起源》). It was like a key to unlock more secrets of nature. Thanks to his work, we now understand how life on earth changes over time.

Example:
(T)Darwin's father didn't want him to explore nature as a job.
Proof(依据): *Darwin's father hoped that his son would become a doctor.*
1. ()Although Darwin was sent to university to study medicine, his real interest was in exploring nature and its history.
Proof:


2. ()He discovered and kept records of different species of plants and animals.
Proof:


3. ()This proved that life remained the same all around the world. It made him realize that life on earth has never changed for millions of years.
Proof:


4. ()He realized that his discoveries couldn't change old beliefs about the origin of the world.
Proof:


5. ()His famous book helped unlock more secrets of nature.
Proof:

1. (T)Proof: Darwin was sent to university to be a doctor, but he was not interested. He
wanted to research the world of plants and animals.
2. (T)Proof: He discovered and recorded different kinds of plants and animals.
3. (F)Proof: This proved that life was not always the same everywhere. It made him
understand that life on earth has changed over long, long time.
4. (F)Proof: He knew that his findings changed old beliefs about how the world began.
5. (T)Proof: In 1859, he wrote his famous book The Origin of Species. It was like a key
to unlock more secrets of nature.

【分析】
做这类判断正误题，解题思路如下：
1. 先逐句阅读题干，标记出题干中的关键信息，比如核心事件、观点等；
2. 根据题干的关键信息，回到原文中定位对应的段落和句子；
3. 将题干表述和原文内容进行比对：若表述一致则判断为T，若表述相反或不符则判断为F，同时把原文中对应的句子作为判断依据。
具体到每个小题：
第1题：关键信息是“sent to study medicine, real interest in exploring nature”，定位到原文第二段，找到对应句子，判断表述正确；
第2题：关键信息是“discovered and kept records of different species”，定位到原文第三段，找到对应句子，判断表述正确；
第3题：关键信息是“life remained the same, never changed”，定位到原文第三段，发现原文表述和题干相反，判断错误；
第4题：关键信息是“couldn't change old beliefs”，定位到原文第四段，原文表述是发现改变了旧观念，和题干相反，判断错误；
第5题：关键信息是“famous book helped unlock more secrets”，定位到原文最后一段，找到对应句子，判断表述正确。
【解析】
1. 针对第1题，题干表述“Although Darwin was sent to university to study medicine, his real interest was in exploring nature and its history.”，在原文第二段找到对应内容“Darwin was sent to university to be a doctor, but he was not interested. He wanted to research the world of plants and animals.”，二者表述一致，故判断为(T)，上述原文内容即为判断依据。
2. 针对第2题，题干表述“He discovered and kept records of different species of plants and animals.”，对应原文第三段“He discovered and recorded different kinds of plants and animals.”，表述一致，故判断为(T)，该原文句子即为判断依据。
3. 针对第3题，题干表述“This proved that life remained the same all around the world. It made him realize that life on earth has never changed for millions of years.”，对应原文第三段“This proved that life was not always the same everywhere. It made him understand that life on earth has changed over long, long time.”，二者表述完全相反，故判断为(F)，上述原文内容即为判断依据。
4. 针对第4题，题干表述“He realized that his discoveries couldn't change old beliefs about the origin of the world.”，对应原文第四段“He knew that his findings changed old beliefs about how the world began.”，二者表述相反，故判断为(F)，该原文句子即为判断依据。
5. 针对第5题，题干表述“His famous book helped unlock more secrets of nature.”，对应原文最后一段“In 1859, he wrote his famous book *The Origin of Species*(《物种起源》). It was like a key to unlock more secrets of nature.”，二者表述一致，故判断为(T)，上述原文内容即为判断依据。
【答案】
1. (T)Proof: Darwin was sent to university to be a doctor, but he was not interested. He wanted to research the world of plants and animals.
2. (T)Proof: He discovered and recorded different kinds of plants and animals.
3. (F)Proof: This proved that life was not always the same everywhere. It made him understand that life on earth has changed over long, long time.
4. (F)Proof: He knew that his findings changed old beliefs about how the world began.
5. (T)Proof: In 1859, he wrote his famous book *The Origin of Species*. It was like a key to unlock more secrets of nature.
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 信息定位提取
3. 阅读理解判断正误
【点评】
这是一篇关于达尔文的阅读理解判断正误题，主要考查学生对文章细节的抓取和比对能力。解题时需要精准定位原文内容，不能仅凭主观印象判断，要严格依据原文表述来确定正误，有助于培养学生严谨的阅读习惯和信息提取能力。
【难度系数】
0.8