3. 解下列方程:
(1) $ x^{2}+2x= 7 $; (2) $ x^{2}-6x-1= 0 $;
(3) $ t^{2}-t= 2 $; (4) $ x^{2}-3= -3x $。
(1) $ x^{2}+2x= 7 $; (2) $ x^{2}-6x-1= 0 $;
(3) $ t^{2}-t= 2 $; (4) $ x^{2}-3= -3x $。
答案
解: $x²+2x+1=8$
$(x+1)²=8$
$x+1=±2\sqrt{2}$
${x}_{1}=-1+2\sqrt{2},{x}_{2}=-1-2\sqrt{2}$
解: $x²-6x+9=10$
$(x-3)²=10$
$x-3=±\sqrt{10}$
${x}_{1}=3+\sqrt{10},{x}_{2}=3-\sqrt{10}$
解: $t²-t+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{9}{4}$
$(t-\frac{1}{2})²=\frac{9}{4}$
$t-\frac{1}{2}=±\frac{3}{2}$
${t}_{1}=2,{t}_{2}=-1$
解: $x²+3x+\frac{9}{4}=\frac{21}{4}$
$(x+\frac{3}{2})²=\frac{21}{4}$
$x+\frac{3}{2}=±\frac{\sqrt{21}}{2}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{-3+\sqrt{21}}{2},{x}_{2}=\frac{-3-\sqrt{21}}{2}$
$(x+1)²=8$
$x+1=±2\sqrt{2}$
${x}_{1}=-1+2\sqrt{2},{x}_{2}=-1-2\sqrt{2}$
解: $x²-6x+9=10$
$(x-3)²=10$
$x-3=±\sqrt{10}$
${x}_{1}=3+\sqrt{10},{x}_{2}=3-\sqrt{10}$
解: $t²-t+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{9}{4}$
$(t-\frac{1}{2})²=\frac{9}{4}$
$t-\frac{1}{2}=±\frac{3}{2}$
${t}_{1}=2,{t}_{2}=-1$
解: $x²+3x+\frac{9}{4}=\frac{21}{4}$
$(x+\frac{3}{2})²=\frac{21}{4}$
$x+\frac{3}{2}=±\frac{\sqrt{21}}{2}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{-3+\sqrt{21}}{2},{x}_{2}=\frac{-3-\sqrt{21}}{2}$
1. 解下列方程:
(1) $ 2x^{2}-5x= 0 $; (2) $ 2x^{2}+3x+1= 0 $;
(3) $ 3x^{2}-x-2= 0 $; (4) $ 4x^{2}-2x-1= 0 $.
(1) $ 2x^{2}-5x= 0 $; (2) $ 2x^{2}+3x+1= 0 $;
(3) $ 3x^{2}-x-2= 0 $; (4) $ 4x^{2}-2x-1= 0 $.
答案
解:因为 $a=2,b=-5,c=0$
$所以 b²-4ac$
$=(-5)²-4×2×0=25>0$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{-(-5)±\sqrt{25}}{2×2}$
= $\frac{5±5}{4}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{5}{2},{x}_{2}=0$
解:因为 $a=2,b=3,c=1$
所以 $b²-4ac$
= $3²-4×2×1=1$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{-3±1}{2×2}$
${x}_{1}=-\frac{1}{2},{x}_{2}=-1$
解: $a=3,b=-1,c=-2$
$b²-4ac$
$=(-1)²-4×3×(-2)=25$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{1±\sqrt{25}}{2×3}$
${x}_{1}=1,{x}_{2}=-\frac{2}{3}$
解:因为 $a=4,b=-2,c=-1$
$所以 b²-4ac$
$=(-2)²-4×4×(-1)=20$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{2±\sqrt{20}}{2×4}$
= $\frac{1±\sqrt{5}}{4}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{4},{x}_{2}=\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{4}$
$所以 b²-4ac$
$=(-5)²-4×2×0=25>0$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{-(-5)±\sqrt{25}}{2×2}$
= $\frac{5±5}{4}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{5}{2},{x}_{2}=0$
解:因为 $a=2,b=3,c=1$
所以 $b²-4ac$
= $3²-4×2×1=1$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{-3±1}{2×2}$
${x}_{1}=-\frac{1}{2},{x}_{2}=-1$
解: $a=3,b=-1,c=-2$
$b²-4ac$
$=(-1)²-4×3×(-2)=25$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{1±\sqrt{25}}{2×3}$
${x}_{1}=1,{x}_{2}=-\frac{2}{3}$
解:因为 $a=4,b=-2,c=-1$
$所以 b²-4ac$
$=(-2)²-4×4×(-1)=20$
x= $\frac{-b±\sqrt{b²-4ac} }{2a}$
= $\frac{2±\sqrt{20}}{2×4}$
= $\frac{1±\sqrt{5}}{4}$
${x}_{1}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{4},{x}_{2}=\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{4}$
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