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B
What brought you and your friends together? Was it shared hobbies or similar personalities? Besides these reasons, genes (基因) may also play a role.
According to a US study with 1, 932 people, friends have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0. 0014 higher than in strangers! The kinship coefficient is an easy way to show how genetically related (相关的) two people are — the higher the number, the closer the relation. Don’t look down on this number. The kinship coefficient between parents and children is about 0. 25. For first cousins, it’s about 0. 0625, while for fourth cousins, it’s around only 0. 001. This means you might share more genes with your best friend than with some distant (遥远的) relatives.
The question is — why are people with a high kinship coefficient more likely to become friends? The research team found that many of the top 1% of similar genes are related to the sense of smell. This means close friends may have a similar sense of smell.
A study in *Science Advances* also showed that people who become close friends usually have similar body smells. Researchers collected sweat samples (汗液样本) from 20 pairs of friends. They all became close in a short time. Using an e - nose and human volunteers to study the smells, they found that friends’ body smells were more alike than those of strangers. So, next time you hug your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you!
(
A. Why we need close friends.
B. How close the genetic relation between two people is.
C. How long it takes two strangers to be friends.
D. What two friends have in common.
(
A. Our best friend might be a distant relative.
B. The kinship coefficient between close friends is the lowest.
C. Best friends have a higher kinship coefficient than first cousins.
D. Best friends can share more genes than distant relatives.
(
A. They like the same smell.
B. They grow in a similar environment.
C. Their body smells are similar.
D. They have a common relative.
(
①interview volunteers ②collected samples
③hugged strangers ④used an e - nose
A. ②④ B. ①② C. ②③ D. ①④
(
A. Research on Genes B. Relatives or Friends
C. Friends Smell Alike D. Sense of Smell
What brought you and your friends together? Was it shared hobbies or similar personalities? Besides these reasons, genes (基因) may also play a role.
According to a US study with 1, 932 people, friends have a kinship coefficient (亲缘系数) that is 0. 0014 higher than in strangers! The kinship coefficient is an easy way to show how genetically related (相关的) two people are — the higher the number, the closer the relation. Don’t look down on this number. The kinship coefficient between parents and children is about 0. 25. For first cousins, it’s about 0. 0625, while for fourth cousins, it’s around only 0. 001. This means you might share more genes with your best friend than with some distant (遥远的) relatives.
The question is — why are people with a high kinship coefficient more likely to become friends? The research team found that many of the top 1% of similar genes are related to the sense of smell. This means close friends may have a similar sense of smell.
A study in *Science Advances* also showed that people who become close friends usually have similar body smells. Researchers collected sweat samples (汗液样本) from 20 pairs of friends. They all became close in a short time. Using an e - nose and human volunteers to study the smells, they found that friends’ body smells were more alike than those of strangers. So, next time you hug your friends, you might notice that they smell a bit like you!
(
B
)56. What can the kinship coefficient show?A. Why we need close friends.
B. How close the genetic relation between two people is.
C. How long it takes two strangers to be friends.
D. What two friends have in common.
(
D
)57. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?A. Our best friend might be a distant relative.
B. The kinship coefficient between close friends is the lowest.
C. Best friends have a higher kinship coefficient than first cousins.
D. Best friends can share more genes than distant relatives.
(
C
)58. According to the passage, in what way are best friends similar?A. They like the same smell.
B. They grow in a similar environment.
C. Their body smells are similar.
D. They have a common relative.
(
A
)59. What did the researchers do during the study?①interview volunteers ②collected samples
③hugged strangers ④used an e - nose
A. ②④ B. ①② C. ②③ D. ①④
(
C
)60. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Research on Genes B. Relatives or Friends
C. Friends Smell Alike D. Sense of Smell
答案
56—60 BDCAC
解析
【解析】
56. 根据第二段中“The kinship coefficient is an easy way to show how genetically related two people are”可知，亲缘系数可以表明两个人之间的基因关联程度，故选B。
57. 根据第二段最后一句“This means you might share more genes with your best friend than with some distant relatives.”可知，好朋友可能比远亲共享更多基因，A选项“最好的朋友可能是远亲”原文未提及；B选项“亲密朋友的亲缘系数最低”与原文相悖；C选项“好朋友的亲缘系数比表亲高”不符合数据（朋友是0.0014，表亲是0.0625），故选D。
58. 根据第三段“many of the top 1% of similar genes are related to the sense of smell”及第四段“people who become close friends usually have similar body smells”可知，好朋友的体味相似，A选项“喜欢相同气味”表述不准确；B、D选项原文未提及，故选C。
59. 根据第四段“Researchers collected sweat samples... Using an e - nose and human volunteers to study the smells”可知，研究人员做了收集样本和使用电子鼻这两项操作，①“采访志愿者”、③“拥抱陌生人”原文未提及，故选A。
60. 文章围绕“朋友间基因相似，尤其是体味相近”展开，A选项“基因研究”过于宽泛；B选项“亲戚或朋友”偏离主题；D选项“嗅觉”片面，C选项“朋友闻起来相似”最贴合主旨，故选C。
【答案】
56—60 BDCAC
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找、主旨大意归纳、推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕“朋友间存在基因相似性，尤其是体味相近”展开，题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的捕捉、推理判断及主旨提炼能力，需学生仔细比对原文信息，避免主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.6
56. 根据第二段中“The kinship coefficient is an easy way to show how genetically related two people are”可知，亲缘系数可以表明两个人之间的基因关联程度，故选B。
57. 根据第二段最后一句“This means you might share more genes with your best friend than with some distant relatives.”可知，好朋友可能比远亲共享更多基因，A选项“最好的朋友可能是远亲”原文未提及；B选项“亲密朋友的亲缘系数最低”与原文相悖；C选项“好朋友的亲缘系数比表亲高”不符合数据（朋友是0.0014，表亲是0.0625），故选D。
58. 根据第三段“many of the top 1% of similar genes are related to the sense of smell”及第四段“people who become close friends usually have similar body smells”可知，好朋友的体味相似，A选项“喜欢相同气味”表述不准确；B、D选项原文未提及，故选C。
59. 根据第四段“Researchers collected sweat samples... Using an e - nose and human volunteers to study the smells”可知，研究人员做了收集样本和使用电子鼻这两项操作，①“采访志愿者”、③“拥抱陌生人”原文未提及，故选A。
60. 文章围绕“朋友间基因相似，尤其是体味相近”展开，A选项“基因研究”过于宽泛；B选项“亲戚或朋友”偏离主题；D选项“嗅觉”片面，C选项“朋友闻起来相似”最贴合主旨，故选C。
【答案】
56—60 BDCAC
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找、主旨大意归纳、推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕“朋友间存在基因相似性，尤其是体味相近”展开，题目侧重考查学生对文章细节的捕捉、推理判断及主旨提炼能力，需学生仔细比对原文信息，避免主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.6
