1. 直接写出得数。
$2.2 - 0.23 =$ $3.06×4 =$ $88\% + 33\% =$ $1÷2÷0.05 =$
$0.5×0.8 =$ $( \dfrac{6}{7} )^2 =$ $5.6÷\dfrac{1}{3} =$ $( 13 + \dfrac{1}{9} )×\dfrac{9}{13} =$
$9÷\dfrac{5}{18} =$ $0.45÷1.5 =$ $\dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{2}{11} =$ $\dfrac{3}{8}÷6÷\dfrac{1}{4} =$
$\dfrac{8}{25} - \dfrac{1}{5} =$ $\dfrac{16}{17}×\dfrac{17}{30} =$ $\dfrac{8}{17}×\dfrac{3}{4} =$ $\dfrac{1}{12}×\dfrac{24}{25}×\dfrac{3}{8} =$
$0.35×40 =$ $1÷25\% =$ $9.22÷0.2 =$ $0.25×99 + 25\% =$
$\dfrac{27}{17}÷\dfrac{9}{34} =$ $\dfrac{3}{20}×\dfrac{5}{9} =$ $125×4.8 =$ $\dfrac{3}{4}÷3×\dfrac{3}{4}÷3 =$
$2.2 - 0.23 =$ $3.06×4 =$ $88\% + 33\% =$ $1÷2÷0.05 =$
$0.5×0.8 =$ $( \dfrac{6}{7} )^2 =$ $5.6÷\dfrac{1}{3} =$ $( 13 + \dfrac{1}{9} )×\dfrac{9}{13} =$
$9÷\dfrac{5}{18} =$ $0.45÷1.5 =$ $\dfrac{3}{4} - \dfrac{2}{11} =$ $\dfrac{3}{8}÷6÷\dfrac{1}{4} =$
$\dfrac{8}{25} - \dfrac{1}{5} =$ $\dfrac{16}{17}×\dfrac{17}{30} =$ $\dfrac{8}{17}×\dfrac{3}{4} =$ $\dfrac{1}{12}×\dfrac{24}{25}×\dfrac{3}{8} =$
$0.35×40 =$ $1÷25\% =$ $9.22÷0.2 =$ $0.25×99 + 25\% =$
$\dfrac{27}{17}÷\dfrac{9}{34} =$ $\dfrac{3}{20}×\dfrac{5}{9} =$ $125×4.8 =$ $\dfrac{3}{4}÷3×\dfrac{3}{4}÷3 =$
答案
1. 1.97 12.24 1.21 10
0.4 $\dfrac{36}{49}$ 16.8 $9\dfrac{1}{13}$
$\dfrac{162}{5}$ 0.3 $\dfrac{25}{44}$ $\dfrac{1}{4}$
$\dfrac{3}{25}$ $\dfrac{8}{15}$ $\dfrac{6}{17}$ $\dfrac{3}{100}$
14 4 46.1 25
6 $\dfrac{1}{12}$ 600 $\dfrac{1}{16}$
0.4 $\dfrac{36}{49}$ 16.8 $9\dfrac{1}{13}$
$\dfrac{162}{5}$ 0.3 $\dfrac{25}{44}$ $\dfrac{1}{4}$
$\dfrac{3}{25}$ $\dfrac{8}{15}$ $\dfrac{6}{17}$ $\dfrac{3}{100}$
14 4 46.1 25
6 $\dfrac{1}{12}$ 600 $\dfrac{1}{16}$
2. 计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
$\dfrac{8}{9}×\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7}÷\dfrac{9}{8}$ $16×( \dfrac{1}{16} + \dfrac{1}{12} )×12$ $25×[ \dfrac{3}{4}÷( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{4} ) ]$
$\dfrac{8}{9}×\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7}÷\dfrac{9}{8}$ $16×( \dfrac{1}{16} + \dfrac{1}{12} )×12$ $25×[ \dfrac{3}{4}÷( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{4} ) ]$
答案
第一题:$\dfrac{8}{9}×\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7}÷\dfrac{9}{8}$
解:
根据除法运算法则$a÷ b=a×\frac{1}{b}$,将$\dfrac{2}{7}÷\dfrac{9}{8}$转化为$\dfrac{2}{7}×\dfrac{8}{9}$。
则原式$=\dfrac{8}{9}×\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7}×\dfrac{8}{9}$。
根据乘法分配律$a× c + b× c=(a + b)× c$,这里$a = \dfrac{5}{7}$,$b = \dfrac{2}{7}$,$c=\dfrac{8}{9}$。
所以$\dfrac{8}{9}×(\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7})=\dfrac{8}{9}×1=\dfrac{8}{9}$。
第二题:$16×( \dfrac{1}{16} + \dfrac{1}{12} )×12$
解:
根据乘法分配律$(a + b)× c× d=a× c× d + b× c× d$。
则$16×12×\dfrac{1}{16}+16×12×\dfrac{1}{12}$。
$16×\dfrac{1}{16}×12 + 16×(12×\dfrac{1}{12})$。
$1×12+16×1=12 + 16=28$。
第三题:$25×[ \dfrac{3}{4}÷( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{4} ) ]$
解:
先算小括号里的$\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{4}{12}-\dfrac{3}{12}=\dfrac{1}{12}$。
再算中括号里的$\dfrac{3}{4}÷\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{3}{4}×12 = 9$。
最后算括号外的$25×9 = 225$。
综上,答案依次为$\dfrac{8}{9}$;$28$;$225$。
解:
根据除法运算法则$a÷ b=a×\frac{1}{b}$,将$\dfrac{2}{7}÷\dfrac{9}{8}$转化为$\dfrac{2}{7}×\dfrac{8}{9}$。
则原式$=\dfrac{8}{9}×\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7}×\dfrac{8}{9}$。
根据乘法分配律$a× c + b× c=(a + b)× c$,这里$a = \dfrac{5}{7}$,$b = \dfrac{2}{7}$,$c=\dfrac{8}{9}$。
所以$\dfrac{8}{9}×(\dfrac{5}{7} + \dfrac{2}{7})=\dfrac{8}{9}×1=\dfrac{8}{9}$。
第二题:$16×( \dfrac{1}{16} + \dfrac{1}{12} )×12$
解:
根据乘法分配律$(a + b)× c× d=a× c× d + b× c× d$。
则$16×12×\dfrac{1}{16}+16×12×\dfrac{1}{12}$。
$16×\dfrac{1}{16}×12 + 16×(12×\dfrac{1}{12})$。
$1×12+16×1=12 + 16=28$。
第三题:$25×[ \dfrac{3}{4}÷( \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{4} ) ]$
解:
先算小括号里的$\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{4}{12}-\dfrac{3}{12}=\dfrac{1}{12}$。
再算中括号里的$\dfrac{3}{4}÷\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{3}{4}×12 = 9$。
最后算括号外的$25×9 = 225$。
综上,答案依次为$\dfrac{8}{9}$;$28$;$225$。
3. 解方程或比例。
$5:8 = 8:x$ $\dfrac{3}{4}:\dfrac{5}{12} = x:\dfrac{2}{3}$ $\dfrac{0.3}{12} = \dfrac{0.05}{4x}$
$\dfrac{2}{5}x÷\dfrac{3}{4} = 12$ $2x - \dfrac{5}{6}x = \dfrac{21}{22}$ $\dfrac{3}{10}(x + 5) = \dfrac{3}{2}×1.8$
$5:8 = 8:x$ $\dfrac{3}{4}:\dfrac{5}{12} = x:\dfrac{2}{3}$ $\dfrac{0.3}{12} = \dfrac{0.05}{4x}$
$\dfrac{2}{5}x÷\dfrac{3}{4} = 12$ $2x - \dfrac{5}{6}x = \dfrac{21}{22}$ $\dfrac{3}{10}(x + 5) = \dfrac{3}{2}×1.8$
答案
(1)$5:8 = 8:x$
解:根据比例的基本性质“两内项之积等于两外项之积”,可得$5x = 8×8$,即$5x = 64$,两边同时除以$5$,$x=\frac{64}{5}$。
(2)$\frac{3}{4}:\frac{5}{12}=x:\frac{2}{3}$
解:由比例的基本性质可得$\frac{5}{12}x=\frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$,即$\frac{5}{12}x=\frac{1}{2}$,两边同时乘以$\frac{12}{5}$,$x=\frac{1}{2}×\frac{12}{5}=\frac{6}{5}$。
(3)$\frac{0.3}{12}=\frac{0.05}{4x}$
解:根据比例的基本性质有$0.3×4x = 12×0.05$,即$1.2x = 0.6$,两边同时除以$1.2$,$x = 0.6÷1.2=\frac{1}{2}$。
(4)$\frac{2}{5}x÷\frac{3}{4}=12$
解:先将$\frac{2}{5}x÷\frac{3}{4}$化为$\frac{2}{5}x×\frac{4}{3}$,则$\frac{8}{15}x = 12$,两边同时乘以$\frac{15}{8}$,$x = 12×\frac{15}{8}=\frac{45}{2}$。
(5)$2x-\frac{5}{6}x=\frac{21}{22}$
解:合并同类项,$(2 - \frac{5}{6})x=\frac{21}{22}$,即$\frac{7}{6}x=\frac{21}{22}$,两边同时乘以$\frac{6}{7}$,$x=\frac{21}{22}×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{9}{11}$。
(6)$\frac{3}{10}(x + 5)=\frac{3}{2}×1.8$
解:先计算$\frac{3}{2}×1.8 = 2.7$,则$\frac{3}{10}(x + 5)=2.7$,两边同时乘以$\frac{10}{3}$得$x + 5 = 9$,两边再同时减去$5$,$x = 9 - 5 = 4$。
综上,答案依次为$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{64}{5}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{6}{5}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{1}{2}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{45}{2}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{9}{11}}$;$\boldsymbol{x = 4}$。
解:根据比例的基本性质“两内项之积等于两外项之积”,可得$5x = 8×8$,即$5x = 64$,两边同时除以$5$,$x=\frac{64}{5}$。
(2)$\frac{3}{4}:\frac{5}{12}=x:\frac{2}{3}$
解:由比例的基本性质可得$\frac{5}{12}x=\frac{3}{4}×\frac{2}{3}$,即$\frac{5}{12}x=\frac{1}{2}$,两边同时乘以$\frac{12}{5}$,$x=\frac{1}{2}×\frac{12}{5}=\frac{6}{5}$。
(3)$\frac{0.3}{12}=\frac{0.05}{4x}$
解:根据比例的基本性质有$0.3×4x = 12×0.05$,即$1.2x = 0.6$,两边同时除以$1.2$,$x = 0.6÷1.2=\frac{1}{2}$。
(4)$\frac{2}{5}x÷\frac{3}{4}=12$
解:先将$\frac{2}{5}x÷\frac{3}{4}$化为$\frac{2}{5}x×\frac{4}{3}$,则$\frac{8}{15}x = 12$,两边同时乘以$\frac{15}{8}$,$x = 12×\frac{15}{8}=\frac{45}{2}$。
(5)$2x-\frac{5}{6}x=\frac{21}{22}$
解:合并同类项,$(2 - \frac{5}{6})x=\frac{21}{22}$,即$\frac{7}{6}x=\frac{21}{22}$,两边同时乘以$\frac{6}{7}$,$x=\frac{21}{22}×\frac{6}{7}=\frac{9}{11}$。
(6)$\frac{3}{10}(x + 5)=\frac{3}{2}×1.8$
解:先计算$\frac{3}{2}×1.8 = 2.7$,则$\frac{3}{10}(x + 5)=2.7$,两边同时乘以$\frac{10}{3}$得$x + 5 = 9$,两边再同时减去$5$,$x = 9 - 5 = 4$。
综上,答案依次为$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{64}{5}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{6}{5}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{1}{2}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{45}{2}}$;$\boldsymbol{x=\frac{9}{11}}$;$\boldsymbol{x = 4}$。
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