一、根据下列句子及括号中所提供的中文提示，写出完整单词的正确形式
1. My mum bought a （可折叠）umbrella because it's easy to carry.
2. Vegetables are full of vitamins and （营养）for our health.
3. The gardener carefully watered the new （幼苗）to keep them healthy.
4. She used a paper （扇）to cool herself during the outdoor picnic.
5. In some countries, people build houses with （竹子）because it's strong and flexible.

1. folding 2. goodness 3. shoots 4. fan 5. bamboo

【分析】
本题需根据中文提示，结合句子语境、词性及名词的数等规则，写出单词的正确形式。解题时先明确每个空格需填的词性，再匹配对应中文的英文表达，同时注意名词单复数等细节。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词umbrella，需用形容词，“可折叠”对应的形容词为folding；
2. 空格与vitamins并列，需用名词，“营养”对应的名词为goodness；
3. 由后文代词them可知，空格需填可数名词复数，“幼苗”对应的复数形式为shoots；
4. “纸扇”是固定搭配paper fan，“扇”对应的名词为fan；
5. “竹子”为不可数名词，直接用bamboo。
【答案】
1. folding 2. goodness 3. shoots 4. fan 5. bamboo
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词的数、形容词用法
【点评】
本题考查基础英语单词的运用，需掌握常见词汇的词性、单复数及固定搭配，难度适中，适合巩固基础词汇。
【难度系数】
0.5

二、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次

1. The answer to the maths problem finally in my mind.
2. Basketball is one of sports in our school.
3. A dictionary is one of the most useful for learning English.
4. Many people think bats are blind, but they can see.
5. to ask questions if you don't understand.

1. appeared 2. the most popular 3. tools 4. actually 5. Feel free

【分析】
本题需结合句子语境、语法规则（词性、时态、固定搭配等），从方框词汇中选择并变形：
1. 句1缺谓语动词，表过去动作，选动词appear的过去式；
2. 句2是“one of + 形容词最高级”结构，需用popular的最高级形式；
3. 句3是“one of + 名词复数”结构，tool变复数；
4. 句4需副词修饰动词see，actual变副词；
5. 句5是固定搭配“Feel free to do sth”，用动词原形开头的祈使句结构。
【解析】
1. 句意：这道数学题的答案最终出现在我脑海里。描述过去发生的动作，动词appear用过去式appeared，故填appeared；
2. 句意：篮球是我们学校最受欢迎的运动之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，多音节形容词popular的最高级为the most popular，故填the most popular；
3. 句意：词典是学习英语最有用的工具之一。“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构，tool的复数是tools，故填tools；
4. 句意：很多人认为蝙蝠是瞎的，但它们实际上能看见。此处修饰动词see，需用副词，actual的副词形式是actually，故填actually；
5. 句意：如果你不明白，尽管问问题。固定搭配“Feel free to do sth”表示“随便做某事”，祈使句以动词原形开头，首字母大写，故填Feel free。
【答案】
1. appeared 2. the most popular 3. tools 4. actually 5. Feel free
【知识点】
形容词最高级、名词复数、副词变形、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查方框词汇的适当形式运用，涉及基础语法和固定搭配，需结合句子结构准确变形，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I have some (question) about animals and plants.
2. What's the (heavy) animal in the world?
3. I (buy) some toys last year.
4. People can use wood (make) instruments.
5. What plant can you often see in Chinese (paint)?

1. questions 2. heaviest 3. bought 4. to make 5. paintings

【分析】
本题为英语用所给单词适当形式填空的基础题型，需结合句子语法结构、时态、固定搭配及语境判断单词的正确形式：
1. 句中some后接可数名词复数，需将question变为复数；
2. 句中出现范围“in the world”（三者及以上），形容词需用最高级；
3. 时间状语last year表过去，动词需用过去式；
4. 固定搭配use sth to do sth，需用动词不定式；
5. Chinese后需接名词，此处指“绘画作品”，需用paint的名词复数形式。
【解析】
1. some修饰可数名词复数，question的复数形式为questions，故填questions；
2. 由“in the world”可知是三者以上的比较，heavy的最高级为heaviest，故填heaviest；
3. last year是一般过去时的标志，buy的过去式为bought，故填bought；
4. 固定搭配use sth to do sth（用某物做某事），此处需用动词不定式to make，故填to make；
5. Chinese为形容词，后接名词，paint的名词形式为painting，此处泛指“绘画作品”，用复数paintings，故填paintings。
【答案】
1. questions 2. heaviest 3. bought 4. to make 5. paintings
【知识点】
名词复数变化、动词时态变化、形容词最高级
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础词形变化知识点，涵盖名词、动词、形容词的不同形式运用，均为常见考点，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

四、阅读理解
Think about this: you sit down and begin to eat a tomato. Suddenly, the tomato starts to shout! Don't worry! This thing would never really happen. But new research showed that plants make sounds when they are stressed (有压力的).
" Plants make sounds to communicate with insects and other animals all the time," said Lilach Hadany, the researcher of the study, "but those sounds can't be heard by humans' ears." With this in mind, the team started the research by recording the plants' sounds.
First, the team made a smart machine to record the sounds of plants and help them understand these sounds. Then they divided plants into three groups: one group wasn't watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the last group was untouched for five days.
The result showed that untouched plants stayed quiet, but in the other two groups, these plants made sounds up to 40 clicks every hour. More interestingly, thirsty plants made louder and louder sounds at the beginning, with the loudest sounds when they were
very thirsty, then lower as they died.
This result helps us better understand how plants manage stress and how they communicate with the world around them. It can also help farmers to tell which plant is thirsty, which one is hurt or which one is healthy, so that they can water them in time or protect them from disease.
Scientists are still working on inventing machines to help farmers to understand their plants better. They also wonder if the plants make sounds because of other reasons.
()1. How does the writer start the text?
A. By describing a loud tomato scene.
B. By imagining a pleasant tomato scene.
C. By creating a terrible tomato story.
D. By explaining sounds made by plants.
()2. What do we know about the research team?
A. They bought a machine to record the plants' sounds.
B. They watered one group of plants for five days.
C. They understood the plants' sounds by themselves.
D. They didn't touch one group of plants for five days.
()3. Which is most like the sound wave of the thirsty plant? (s= sound wave t= time)


()4. What is the best title for the text?
A. The Secret Sounds of Plants
B. Machines That Talk to Plants
C. How Plants Grow in Sound
D. Secret Conversation in Nature

1－4. ADCA

【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解，包含细节理解题和主旨大意题。解题思路为：先通读原文把握核心内容，再针对每道题的关键词定位原文对应信息，逐一比对选项排除错误答案，最终确定正确选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段开头“you sit down and begin to eat a tomato. Suddenly, the tomato starts to shout!”可知，作者通过描述一个响亮的番茄场景开头，对应选项A。B选项“愉快的场景”不符合原文；C选项“可怕的故事”未提及；D选项“解释植物声音”是后文内容，并非开头方式，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段“the last group was untouched for five days”可知，研究团队有一组植物五天未被触碰，对应选项D。A选项“买机器”错误，原文是制作智能机器；B选项“一组浇水五天”错误，原文是一组五天没浇水；C选项“自己理解声音”错误，原文是用机器记录，故选D。
3. 第3题：根据原文第四段“thirsty plants made louder and louder sounds at the beginning, with the loudest sounds when they were very thirsty, then lower as they died”可知， thirsty植物的声波随时间先增大后减小，对应符合该变化的插图选项。
4. 第4题：全文围绕植物在压力下发出的秘密声音展开，介绍了相关研究及意义，核心是植物的秘密声音，对应选项A。B选项“与植物交流的机器”是研究工具，并非主旨；C选项“植物如何在声音中生长”未提及；D选项“自然界的秘密对话”范围过大，故选A。
【答案】
ADCA
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、阅读理解主旨题
【点评】
本文是关于植物声音的科普短文，考查学生快速提取细节信息、归纳主旨的能力，题目设置常规，需准确比对原文与选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6