一、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空
site look over object
guess early artefact horn
1. The museum displays an ancient made from animal bones, which was used by early humans.
2. This historical is home to many ancient buildings and cultures.
3. The dear has two strong and sharp on its head.
4. Welcome to the Peking Man Site. here. Can you guess what was discovered here?
5. Look at this photo I took in the Shaanxi History Museum. Can you what it is?
6. Thousands of jade were found in the Liangzhu historical site.
7. The flood control system might be one of the of its kind in the world.

1. artefact 2. site 3. horns 4. Look over
5. guess 6. objects 7. earliest

【分析】
首先明确方框内单词的含义与形式：site（遗址，名词）、look over（查看，动词短语）、object（物品，名词）、guess（猜测，动词）、early（早的，形容词）、artefact（人工制品，名词）、horn（角，名词）。接着结合每个句子的语境选择匹配的单词，再根据语法规则（单复数、动词形式、形容词最高级等）调整单词的适当形式，完成填空。
【解析】
1. 句意：博物馆展示一件由动物骨头制成的古代人工制品，被早期人类使用。此处需名词，ancient修饰单数名词，故填artefact。
2. 句意：这个历史遗址有许多古代建筑和文化。historical修饰名词，结合语境指“遗址”，故填site。
3. 句意：鹿的头上有两只强壮锋利的角。two后接可数名词复数，horn的复数为horns，故填horns。
4. 句意：欢迎来到北京人遗址，在这里查看。此处为祈使句，用动词短语原形，句首首字母大写，故填Look over。
5. 句意：看我在陕西历史博物馆拍的照片，你能猜出来是什么吗？情态动词can后接动词原形，故填guess。
6. 句意：在良渚历史遗址发现了成千上万件玉器。thousands of后接可数名词复数，object的复数为objects，故填objects。
7. 句意：防洪系统可能是世界同类中最早的之一。one of后接形容词最高级，early的最高级为earliest，故填earliest。
【答案】
1. artefact 2. site 3. horns 4. Look over 5. guess 6. objects 7. earliest
【知识点】
名词的数、动词短语、形容词最高级
【点评】
本题考查词汇在具体语境中的适当形式运用，需结合句意选单词，再根据语法规则调整形式，侧重基础词汇的掌握与运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、汉译英
1. 这意味着北京地区可能是亚洲最早出现人类学会用火的地方。

2. 这一定是某种角，像是一种乐器。

3. 人们认为那是1,000多年前传入中国的一件礼物。

4. 昨晚我看了一个关于惊人发现的电视节目。

1. That means the Beijing area could be the first place in Asia where humans learnt to use fire.
2. It must be a horn of some kind, like a musical instrument.
3. People believe it was a gift brought to China more than 1,000 years ago.
4. Last night I watched a TV programme about an amazing discovery.

【分析】
汉译英需先拆解中文句子结构，明确主句与从句，找准核心谓语动词，再对应常用词汇和固定表达，处理定语、状语等修饰成分，同时注意时态和句式的正确使用，比如“最早的地方”用the first place后接where引导的定语从句，“一定是”用情态动词must be，过去分词可作后置定语修饰名词等。
【解析】
1. 主句“这意味着”译为That means；宾语从句中，“北京地区”是the Beijing area，“可能是”用情态动词could be，“亚洲最早出现人类学会用火的地方”译为the first place in Asia where humans learnt to use fire，其中where引导定语从句修饰place，“学会用火”用learn to use fire的过去式learnt to use fire。
2. “这一定是”译为It must be，“某种角”是a horn of some kind，“像是一种乐器”用介词like引出a musical instrument。
3. “人们认为”译为People believe；宾语从句中，“礼物”是gift，“1000多年前传入中国的”用过去分词短语brought to China more than 1,000 years ago作后置定语修饰gift。
4. 时间状语“昨晚”译为Last night放句首，“我看了”是I watched，“关于惊人发现的电视节目”译为a TV programme about an amazing discovery。
【答案】
1. That means the Beijing area could be the first place in Asia where humans learnt to use fire.
2. It must be a horn of some kind, like a musical instrument.
3. People believe it was a gift brought to China more than 1,000 years ago.
4. Last night I watched a TV programme about an amazing discovery.
【知识点】
汉译英、定语从句、情态动词
【点评】
本题考察基础汉译英能力，涉及常用句型、定语从句、情态动词及过去分词作定语的用法，属于初中英语基础翻译题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、阅读理解
Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you?
This isn't just an expression. A study from the University of California has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared unrelated friends' genes and unrelated strangers' genes. They found that friends have about $1\%$ of genes that match. This is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.
So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.
"People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes," researchers said. In ancient times, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who were more easily affected by the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire to stay alive.
Researchers also found that smell-related genes were most similar in friends. This is probably because people with similar senses of smell are more easily attracted to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may visit cafes more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other.
With these findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It can help show the chances of two people being friends. So, here is a question for you: Would you like to take this test and know early who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to learn about it by yourself and let time be the judge?
()1. What can we know about our friends from the first two paragraphs?
A. They live close to our family.
B. They look like our fourth cousins.
C. They never make friends with strangers.
D. They share about $1\%$ of genes with us.
()2. Why do people with similar smell-related genes become friends more easily?
A. They avoid the crowded areas.
B. They have better sense of smell.
C. They prefer different environments.
D. They are attracted to similar places.
()3. What is the "friendship score" according to the text?
A. A method to teach how to make friends.
B. A tool to tell if two people can be friends.
C. A survey to know about friends' hobbies.
D. A game to check how close the friends are.
()4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Friendship: Benefits for Teenagers
B. Friendship: Is Taking a Test Necessary?
C. Friendship: Influence on Human Behaviour
D. Friendship: Can It Be Influenced by Genes?

1－4. DDBD

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需针对每道题的题干，定位原文对应段落的关键信息，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符的错误选项，进而得出正确答案。
【解析】1. 定位前两段，第二段明确提到“friends have about 1% of genes that match”，对应选项D；A选项未提及朋友住得近，B选项是基因数量与第四代表亲相同而非长相相似，C选项无依据，故1选D。2. 定位第五段，原文指出“people with similar senses of smell are more easily attracted to similar environments”，对应选项D；A、B、C均与原文不符，故2选D。3. 定位第六段，“friendship score”的作用是“show the chances of two people being friends”，对应选项B；A、C、D均不符合其功能，故3选B。4. 文章核心围绕朋友间基因相似的研究展开，探讨友谊是否受基因影响，对应选项D；A、B、C均偏离主旨，故4选D。
【答案】DDBD
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本文以友谊与基因的关联为主题，考查学生对文章细节的定位和主旨的归纳能力，题目设置合理，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6