Ⅳ. 阅读理解
新素材 健康问题报告 A report by the National Health Commission（NHC）shows the health problems of Chinese people. About 34.3% of the Chinese aged 18 and older are overweight. Of children aged between 6 and 17, about 11% are overweight. More than 10% of children under 6 are overweight.
“Most people like to have many kinds of foods with much sugar and fat. There are many healthy foods like vegetables and fruit, but people seldom have them. It is one of the reasons for the rising weight of Chinese people,” says Zhao Hua, a health expert(专家).
▲ They hardly move in their daily life. And even some of them never do sports. What’s more, Chinese people spend lots of time using their mobile phones, according to Zhao. However, Zhao thinks that if people try to change their unhealthy habits, they are sure to live a better life.
To help people live healthily, food factories（工厂）should make more healthy food. At the same time, people must learn the importance of health. They should know how to eat healthily and how to exercise well.
1. 新考法 写作手法 Why does the writer list so many numbers in the first paragraph?
A. To introduce the work of NHC.
B. To tell us the number of people in China.
C. To show how big the weight problem is for Chinese people.
D. To talk about different age groups in China.
2. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Healthy foods.
B. Overweight people.
C. Foods with much sugar and oil.
D. Chinese children.
3. 新考法 补全文章 Which of the sentences can we put in “ ▲ ”?
A. People like different sports in their lives.
B. Many people try to find a good way to lose weight.
C. Eating more healthy food can help them change this condition.
D. Today’s Chinese people also have many other unhealthy habits.
4. What can we infer（推测）from the health expert in the passage?
①Changing unhealthy habits can help people live better.
②Eating more vegetables and fruit may be good for people’s health.
③Most people do sports in their daily life.
④ The overweight problem is only for Chinese children.
A. ①②
B. ①④
C. ②③
D. ②④
5. Which is the writer’s advice for people in the last paragraph?
A. Learning how to make food.
B. Making more healthy food.
C. Learning the importance of health.
D. Doing all kinds of sports.
4星学霸 141

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,通过国家卫生健康委的报告和数据,分析了中国人(包括成人和儿童)超重问题的严重性,指出不健康饮食、缺乏运动和过度使用手机是主要原因,并提出了改善建议。
1. C 解析:写作手法题。第一段列出了多个关于超重人口比例的数字(如 34.3%、11%、10%等),目的是直观展示中国人超重问题的严重程度。故选 C。
2. A 解析:代词指代题。第二段中“them”指的是前一句提到的“healthy foods like vegetables and fruit”,即健康食品。故选 A。
3. D 解析:补全文章题。第三段开头应承接上文讨论不健康习惯,并引出下文关于“很少运动、从不运动、长时间用手机”等内容,因此填入“Today's Chinese people also have many other unhealthy habits.”最合适。故选 D。
4. A 解析:推理判断题。从健康专家赵华的话中可以推断:①“改变不健康习惯可以让人生活得更好”(第三段末尾);②“多吃蔬菜水果对健康有益”(第二段提到人们很少吃健康食品是体重上升的原因之一)。③和④与文意不符。故选 A。
5. C 解析:细节理解题。最后一段作者给出的建议包括“food factories should make more healthy food”和“people must learn the importance of health”,其中针对人们的直接建议是“学习健康的重要性”。故选 C。

【分析】
本题为阅读理解题，包含5道不同类型的题目，需结合语篇内容逐一分析：
1. 第1题（写作手法题）：需明确第一段列举超重比例数字的目的，结合语篇主题（中国人的超重健康问题）判断；
2. 第2题（代词指代题）：定位“them”所在句子，往前查找指代的名词/名词短语，结合前文内容确定；
3. 第3题（语篇补全题）：分析空缺处前后文逻辑，前文讲不健康饮食，后文讲缺乏运动等其他不健康习惯，需找承上启下的句子；
4. 第4题（推理判断题）：从专家表述中提取信息，逐一判断4个推断项的正误；
5. 第5题（细节理解题）：定位最后一段针对人们的建议，区分工厂和个人的建议。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段列出18岁及以上人群超重占比34.3%、6-17岁儿童超重11%、6岁以下儿童超重超10%等数据，直观展示中国人超重问题的严重性，对应选项C。A选项介绍NHC工作、B选项说中国人口数、D选项谈不同年龄组，均不符合数字的作用，故选C。
2. 第2题：第二段提到“有很多健康食品如蔬菜和水果，但人们很少吃它们”，“them”指代前文的“healthy foods”，对应选项A。B（超重人群）、C（高糖高脂食物）、D（中国儿童）均不符合，故选A。
3. 第3题：空缺处前文讲不健康饮食是体重上升的原因，后文讲“日常很少运动、从不运动、长时间用手机”等其他不健康习惯，D选项“今天的中国人还有很多其他不健康习惯”承上启下，衔接自然。A（喜欢不同运动）与文意相反，B（找减肥方法）、C（多吃健康食物改善状况）均未衔接后文的运动问题，故选D。
4. 第4题：根据专家表述，①“改变不健康习惯能让人生活更好”（第三段末尾）正确；②“多吃蔬菜水果有益健康”（第二段提到人们很少吃健康食品是体重上升原因）正确；③“大多数人日常做运动”与后文“很少运动”矛盾；④“超重问题仅针对中国儿童”与第一段成人超重数据矛盾，故①②正确，对应选项A。
5. 第5题：最后一段作者建议包括“食品工厂应生产更多健康食品”和“人们必须了解健康的重要性”，针对人们的直接建议是“学习健康的重要性”，对应选项C。A（学习做食物）未提及，B（工厂生产健康食品）是对工厂的建议，D（做各种运动）不是最后一段的建议，故选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解解题技巧、代词指代、推理判断
【点评】
本文围绕中国人的超重健康问题展开，语篇结构清晰，题目涵盖写作手法、代词指代、语篇补全、推理判断、细节理解等常见阅读理解题型，考查学生对语篇的整体理解和细节分析能力，是典型的实用类阅读理解题。
【难度系数】
0.6