一、将下列单词与英文释义匹配
1. safeguard() 2. firefighter()
3. landslide() 4. rescue()
5. volunteer() 6. heartbeat()
A. to keep someone/something safe; a thing that protects
B. dirt and rock sliding down a mountain
C. the sound or movement of the heart
D. to save someone from danger; an act of saving
E. a person who puts out fires
F. a person who helps without pay; to help freely

1. A 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. F 6. C

【分析】
本题为英文单词与释义的匹配题，解题思路是先明确每个英文单词的核心含义，再将其与给出的英文释义逐一对应，找到最匹配的选项即可完成解答。
【解析】
1. safeguard意为“保护；防护措施”，对应释义A“to keep someone/something safe; a thing that protects”；
2. firefighter意为“消防员”，对应释义E“a person who puts out fires”；
3. landslide意为“山体滑坡”，对应释义B“dirt and rock sliding down a mountain”；
4. rescue意为“营救；救援”，对应释义D“to save someone from danger; an act of saving”；
5. volunteer意为“志愿者；自愿帮助”，对应释义F“a person who helps without pay; to help freely”；
6. heartbeat意为“心跳”，对应释义C“the sound or movement of the heart”。
【答案】
1. A 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. F 6. C
【知识点】
词汇词义匹配；常用英文单词释义
【点评】
本题考查基础英文单词的词义理解与匹配，属于英语学习的基础巩固题型，难度较低，适合强化核心词汇的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.9

二、从第一大题中选择合适的词完成下
列句子
1. After the heavy rain, the local government warned people of the risk of in the mountainous areas.
2. It's everyone's duty to the environment and protect wild animals.
3. Her quickened when she stood on the stage for the first time to give a speech.
4. The rescue team worked day and night to carry out work after the earthquake.
5. A was injured while putting out the fire in the factory yesterday.
6. Many young people choose to
in the charity activity to help those in need.

1. landslide 2. safeguard 3. heartbeat 4. rescue 5. firefighter 6. volunteer

【分析】这类选词填空题需结合句子语境、词义及固定搭配选择合适词汇。解题时先通读每个句子理解句意，再分析空格处所需词性，最后匹配词义相符的词汇：1题需填表示灾害的名词，2题需填与protect并列的动词，3题需填与心跳相关的名词，4题需填构成固定搭配的名词，5题需填职业名词，6题需填表示志愿参与的动词。
【解析】1. 句意：大雨过后，当地政府警告人们山区有山体滑坡的风险。landslide意为“山体滑坡”，符合大雨后山区的灾害风险语境，故填landslide；2. 句意：保护环境和保护野生动物是每个人的责任。safeguard意为“保护”，与后面的protect并列，需用动词原形，符合句意，故填safeguard；3. 句意：她第一次站在台上演讲时心跳加速了。heartbeat意为“心跳”，heartbeat quicken是常用表达“心跳加速”，符合语境，故填heartbeat；4. 句意：地震后，救援队日夜工作开展救援工作。rescue work是固定搭配，意为“救援工作”，故填rescue；5. 句意：昨天在工厂灭火时消防员受伤了。firefighter意为“消防员”，是灭火的职业人员，符合句意，故填firefighter；6. 句意：很多年轻人选择志愿参加慈善活动帮助有需要的人。volunteer in sth是固定搭配，意为“志愿参加某事”，故填volunteer。
【答案】1. landslide 2. safeguard 3. heartbeat 4. rescue 5. firefighter 6. volunteer
【知识点】英语词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】本题为基础选词填空题，考查核心词汇的词义理解及语境、固定搭配的运用，难度较低，学生掌握常见词汇含义及基本搭配即可解答。
【难度系数】0.4

三、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次
manpower
hit
guard
volunteer
floodwater
Every year, heavy rains make some rivers rise fast. Local workers check banks daily, looking for cracks that may cause trouble. One afternoon, a big tree fell and 1 a weak bank part—people called for help right away. More teams arrived, and the needed 2 soon got to the site. Everyone carried sandbags, taking turns even when tired. The sun set, painting the sky orange, but work didn't stop. Experts said the southern bank part was most at risk. 3 stayed overnight, sharing warm drinks while watching for danger. Next morning, special workers came to 4 the repaired bank. They set up tents, took turns awake, and used radios to report changes. By noon, risk was gone, and 5 slowly went down. Everyone cheered, and nearby kids brought flowers to thank the hard-working team.

1. hit 2. manpower 3. Volunteers 4. guard 5. floodwater

【分析】这是一道英语词汇适当形式填空题，解题思路为：首先通读全文把握整体语境，明确文章围绕洪水后堤岸抢修的事件展开；接着逐个分析每个空格的语义和语法要求，结合方框内给出的词语，选择匹配的词汇并注意形式变化（如名词单复数、动词时态等），确保每词仅用一次。
【解析】1. 第1空：前文提到“a big tree fell”（一般过去时），and连接并列谓语，hit的过去式仍为hit，符合语境“大树倒下撞击了薄弱的堤岸部分”，故填hit；2. 第2空：结合语境“needed...got to the site”，抢修所需的人力（manpower）符合，manpower为不可数名词，无需变形，故填manpower；3. 第3空：后文“stayed overnight”的主语为参与抢修的人员，volunteer意为“志愿者”，此处指多名志愿者，句首需大写，故填Volunteers；4. 第4空：“special workers came to...the repaired bank”中，to后接动词原形，guard意为“守卫、保卫”，符合“特殊工人来守卫修复的堤岸”的语境，故填guard；5. 第5空：前文围绕洪水展开，“...slowly went down”表示洪水退去，floodwater意为“洪水”，为不可数名词，无需变形，故填floodwater。
【答案】1. hit 2. manpower 3. Volunteers 4. guard 5. floodwater
【知识点】英语词汇适当形式填空、语境语义理解、动词时态
【点评】本题考查学生在具体语境中运用词汇的能力，需结合上下文逻辑和语法规则选择合适的词汇，难度适中，是初中英语基础题型，能有效考查学生的词汇掌握和语境运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6