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六、阅读理解
2025福建中考Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs coloured by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and in return they get carbon, which gives them energy.
In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt.
Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to "fan" away too much harmful oxygen let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.
After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals' chance of living through future ocean heat waves.
"When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colourful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world," a famous biologist says. "It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight."
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1?
A. Corals make algae more colourful.
B. Algae provide room for corals to live in.
C. Corals and algae depend on each other.
D. Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals.
2. What does the underlined part "the first" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The heat wave in the early 1980s.
B. The heat wave in the late 1990s.
C. The Pacific waters in 2015-2016.
D. The reefs' disappearance by 2030.
3. What difficulty do corals face?
A. They cannot completely adapt to heat waves.
B. They cannot change their own metabolisms.
C. They have no ability to swim to cooler waters.
D. They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. It's necessary to live with corals.
B. The ocean has become unhealthy.
C. We should try our best to save corals.
D. Making a study of the ocean is a must.
5. Which would be the best title for the text?
A. Corals die out
B. Corals fight back
C. Corals break down
D. Corals come into being
2025福建中考Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs coloured by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and in return they get carbon, which gives them energy.
In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt.
Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to "fan" away too much harmful oxygen let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.
After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals' chance of living through future ocean heat waves.
"When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colourful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world," a famous biologist says. "It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight."
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1?
A. Corals make algae more colourful.
B. Algae provide room for corals to live in.
C. Corals and algae depend on each other.
D. Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals.
2. What does the underlined part "the first" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The heat wave in the early 1980s.
B. The heat wave in the late 1990s.
C. The Pacific waters in 2015-2016.
D. The reefs' disappearance by 2030.
3. What difficulty do corals face?
A. They cannot completely adapt to heat waves.
B. They cannot change their own metabolisms.
C. They have no ability to swim to cooler waters.
D. They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. It's necessary to live with corals.
B. The ocean has become unhealthy.
C. We should try our best to save corals.
D. Making a study of the ocean is a must.
5. Which would be the best title for the text?
A. Corals die out
B. Corals fight back
C. Corals break down
D. Corals come into being
答案
【语篇导读】本文阐述了海洋热浪给珊瑚
带来的严重危害,介绍了珊瑚面对海洋
热浪时的多种适应机制,并介绍了科学
家为助力珊瑚应对海洋热浪所展开的一
系列研究。
1. C 提示:推理判断题。根据第一段中
"Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and
in return they get carbon, which gives them
energy."可知,珊瑚为海藻提供氮,作为回
报,海藻给珊瑚提供给予它们能量的碳,这表
明珊瑚和海藻相互依靠。
2. A 提示:语意推断题。文章第二段第一句
"In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned
more than 90 percent of these corals a pale,
lifeless white."讲到了20世纪80年代初的热
浪对珊瑚影响非常大,结合第二段倒数第二
句"Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific
waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015 -
2016, but scientists noticed that these heat
waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the
first."可知,20世纪90年代末和2015-2016
年的热浪对珊瑚的影响没有第一次大。由此
推知,画线词the first指代的是"20世纪80年
代初的热浪"。
3. A 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"But
all these adaptations can protect themselves only
to some degree."可知,珊瑚所作出的这些适
应都只能在一定程度上保护自己,意即它们
不能完全适应热浪。
4. C 提示:推理判断题。根据最后一段中"It
will be really sad to see it dead. But that does
drive you to want to use your skills and your love
to help fight."可知,看到珊瑚死亡让人很难
过,但这的确会驱使人们用技能和热爱去帮
助它们对抗热浪,由此推知我们应该尽最大
努力拯救珊瑚。
5. B 提示:最佳标题题。通读全文可知,文章
介绍了热浪对珊瑚的影响、珊瑚对热浪的适
应方式以及科学家为助力珊瑚应对热浪所展
开的一系列研究。归纳可知,文章围绕珊瑚
对抗热浪展开,因此"珊瑚反击"最适合作为
文章的标题。
带来的严重危害,介绍了珊瑚面对海洋
热浪时的多种适应机制,并介绍了科学
家为助力珊瑚应对海洋热浪所展开的一
系列研究。
1. C 提示:推理判断题。根据第一段中
"Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and
in return they get carbon, which gives them
energy."可知,珊瑚为海藻提供氮,作为回
报,海藻给珊瑚提供给予它们能量的碳,这表
明珊瑚和海藻相互依靠。
2. A 提示:语意推断题。文章第二段第一句
"In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned
more than 90 percent of these corals a pale,
lifeless white."讲到了20世纪80年代初的热
浪对珊瑚影响非常大,结合第二段倒数第二
句"Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific
waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015 -
2016, but scientists noticed that these heat
waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the
first."可知,20世纪90年代末和2015-2016
年的热浪对珊瑚的影响没有第一次大。由此
推知,画线词the first指代的是"20世纪80年
代初的热浪"。
3. A 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"But
all these adaptations can protect themselves only
to some degree."可知,珊瑚所作出的这些适
应都只能在一定程度上保护自己,意即它们
不能完全适应热浪。
4. C 提示:推理判断题。根据最后一段中"It
will be really sad to see it dead. But that does
drive you to want to use your skills and your love
to help fight."可知,看到珊瑚死亡让人很难
过,但这的确会驱使人们用技能和热爱去帮
助它们对抗热浪,由此推知我们应该尽最大
努力拯救珊瑚。
5. B 提示:最佳标题题。通读全文可知,文章
介绍了热浪对珊瑚的影响、珊瑚对热浪的适
应方式以及科学家为助力珊瑚应对热浪所展
开的一系列研究。归纳可知,文章围绕珊瑚
对抗热浪展开,因此"珊瑚反击"最适合作为
文章的标题。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于珊瑚应对海洋热浪的阅读理解题，解题可按以下思路推进：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心：海洋热浪对珊瑚的危害、珊瑚自身的适应机制以及科学家助力珊瑚的研究方向。
2. 针对不同题型精准定位：
第1题是推理判断题，聚焦第一段内容，分析珊瑚与藻类的互动关系；
第2题是语意推断题，回溯第二段首次提到的热浪事件，确定指代内容；
第3题是细节理解题，锁定第三段转折句，获取珊瑚适应的局限性；
第4题是推理判断题，结合最后一段生物学家的表述，推断隐含呼吁；
第5题是最佳标题题，提炼全文核心，选择能涵盖珊瑚对抗热浪的标题。
3. 结合原文逐一比对选项，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：推理判断题。根据第一段"Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and in return they get carbon, which gives them energy."可知，珊瑚为藻类提供氮，藻类为珊瑚提供供能的碳，二者互利共生、相互依赖，故选C。A选项表述错误，是藻类赋予珊瑚色彩；B选项文中未提及藻类为珊瑚提供生存空间；D选项错误，是珊瑚为藻类提供氮，而非藻类产生氮影响珊瑚。
2. 第2题：语意推断题。第二段首句提到"In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white."，说明20世纪80年代初的热浪对珊瑚影响极大。随后提到"Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the first."，这里的"the first"指代前文首次出现的20世纪80年代初的热浪，故选A。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree."可知，珊瑚的各类适应方式仅能在一定程度上保护自己，意味着它们无法完全适应热浪，故选A。B选项与文中"Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms"不符；C选项错误，文中是说游到冷水域不是合适选择，而非没有该能力；D选项与"Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to 'fan' away too much harmful oxygen"不符。
4. 第4题：推理判断题。根据最后一段"It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight."可知，看到珊瑚死亡令人痛心，这驱使人们用技能与热爱帮助珊瑚，由此可推断我们应尽全力拯救珊瑚，故选C。A选项文中未提及要和珊瑚共生；B选项文中未表明海洋已不健康；D选项重点并非强调必须研究海洋。
5. 第5题：最佳标题题。全文先介绍热浪对珊瑚的危害，再讲珊瑚自身的适应机制，最后提及科学家帮助珊瑚的研究，核心是珊瑚在对抗热浪中的“反击”，"Corals fight back"最能概括全文主旨，故选B。A选项只提及珊瑚灭绝，不符合全文内容；C选项珊瑚崩溃并非核心；D选项珊瑚形成与文章无关。
【答案】
1.C；2.A；3.A；4.C；5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断、阅读理解细节查找、阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】
本文兼具科学性与人文性，围绕珊瑚应对海洋热浪展开内容。题目覆盖多种经典阅读理解题型，既考查学生对文本细节的抓取能力，也考查主旨归纳与逻辑推理能力，能有效提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇关于珊瑚应对海洋热浪的阅读理解题，解题可按以下思路推进：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心：海洋热浪对珊瑚的危害、珊瑚自身的适应机制以及科学家助力珊瑚的研究方向。
2. 针对不同题型精准定位：
第1题是推理判断题，聚焦第一段内容，分析珊瑚与藻类的互动关系；
第2题是语意推断题，回溯第二段首次提到的热浪事件，确定指代内容；
第3题是细节理解题，锁定第三段转折句，获取珊瑚适应的局限性；
第4题是推理判断题，结合最后一段生物学家的表述，推断隐含呼吁；
第5题是最佳标题题，提炼全文核心，选择能涵盖珊瑚对抗热浪的标题。
3. 结合原文逐一比对选项，排除错误选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：推理判断题。根据第一段"Corals usually provide nitrogen for algae, and in return they get carbon, which gives them energy."可知，珊瑚为藻类提供氮，藻类为珊瑚提供供能的碳，二者互利共生、相互依赖，故选C。A选项表述错误，是藻类赋予珊瑚色彩；B选项文中未提及藻类为珊瑚提供生存空间；D选项错误，是珊瑚为藻类提供氮，而非藻类产生氮影响珊瑚。
2. 第2题：语意推断题。第二段首句提到"In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white."，说明20世纪80年代初的热浪对珊瑚影响极大。随后提到"Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015-2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn't influence the reefs as badly as the first."，这里的"the first"指代前文首次出现的20世纪80年代初的热浪，故选A。
3. 第3题：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句"But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree."可知，珊瑚的各类适应方式仅能在一定程度上保护自己，意味着它们无法完全适应热浪，故选A。B选项与文中"Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms"不符；C选项错误，文中是说游到冷水域不是合适选择，而非没有该能力；D选项与"Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to 'fan' away too much harmful oxygen"不符。
4. 第4题：推理判断题。根据最后一段"It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight."可知，看到珊瑚死亡令人痛心，这驱使人们用技能与热爱帮助珊瑚，由此可推断我们应尽全力拯救珊瑚，故选C。A选项文中未提及要和珊瑚共生；B选项文中未表明海洋已不健康；D选项重点并非强调必须研究海洋。
5. 第5题：最佳标题题。全文先介绍热浪对珊瑚的危害，再讲珊瑚自身的适应机制，最后提及科学家帮助珊瑚的研究，核心是珊瑚在对抗热浪中的“反击”，"Corals fight back"最能概括全文主旨，故选B。A选项只提及珊瑚灭绝，不符合全文内容；C选项珊瑚崩溃并非核心；D选项珊瑚形成与文章无关。
【答案】
1.C；2.A；3.A；4.C；5.B
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断、阅读理解细节查找、阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】
本文兼具科学性与人文性，围绕珊瑚应对海洋热浪展开内容。题目覆盖多种经典阅读理解题型，既考查学生对文本细节的抓取能力，也考查主旨归纳与逻辑推理能力，能有效提升学生的综合阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6
七、任务型阅读
2025南京联合体期中Do you have any travel plans for 2025? Some travel companies have shared their 2025 travel trend predictions. As noted by a website, these trends show how people want to find meaningful experiences from each trip they take.
Have fun at night
The word "noctourism" comes from the words "nocturnal" and "tourism". "Nocturnal" means happening in the night. So, this trend is all about travelling at night. It sees travellers take part in things like stargazing. As the world gets hotter, many people find it uncomfortable to go out during the day, especially in summer. They enjoy going to places to do fun activities in the cooler evenings. While most activities have something to do with the night sky, others happen on the ground, such as city tours at night and full moon picnics by the sea.
Passports to living longer
Trying to become immortal, or living forever, might be going a little too far. But our interest in living longer and healthier still remains strong. In 2025, more people will plan their trips around activities that help them live longer. For example, people will go to places that offer red light therapy to visitors. The therapy uses red light to help make skin look better. Studies show that connecting with others makes people healthier, so many travel locations have introduced activities like group hikes. In the future, travel won't just be about having fun. People will also care more about staying healthy.
Smaller and less famous
Sometimes when you are travelling, going a different way and finding cool places can be fun. Detour travel means going to smaller, less famous places close to the main sites and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara from Los Angeles. Tom Barber, co-founder of a travel company, told the reporter that in Europe, rail travel makes taking detours easy. This is because once you start looking at a train timetable, you find there are so many interesting little stops you could take.
1.
4.
7.
8. What activity do you think can also help people live longer?
9. Do you think detour travel is a good way to travel? Why or why not?
2025南京联合体期中Do you have any travel plans for 2025? Some travel companies have shared their 2025 travel trend predictions. As noted by a website, these trends show how people want to find meaningful experiences from each trip they take.
Have fun at night
The word "noctourism" comes from the words "nocturnal" and "tourism". "Nocturnal" means happening in the night. So, this trend is all about travelling at night. It sees travellers take part in things like stargazing. As the world gets hotter, many people find it uncomfortable to go out during the day, especially in summer. They enjoy going to places to do fun activities in the cooler evenings. While most activities have something to do with the night sky, others happen on the ground, such as city tours at night and full moon picnics by the sea.
Passports to living longer
Trying to become immortal, or living forever, might be going a little too far. But our interest in living longer and healthier still remains strong. In 2025, more people will plan their trips around activities that help them live longer. For example, people will go to places that offer red light therapy to visitors. The therapy uses red light to help make skin look better. Studies show that connecting with others makes people healthier, so many travel locations have introduced activities like group hikes. In the future, travel won't just be about having fun. People will also care more about staying healthy.
Smaller and less famous
Sometimes when you are travelling, going a different way and finding cool places can be fun. Detour travel means going to smaller, less famous places close to the main sites and spending time there. For example, the city of Reims is a popular detour from Paris, as is Santa Barbara from Los Angeles. Tom Barber, co-founder of a travel company, told the reporter that in Europe, rail travel makes taking detours easy. This is because once you start looking at a train timetable, you find there are so many interesting little stops you could take.
1.
Reasons
2. hot
3. night
4.
experience
5. Receive
6. fun
7.
show
8. What activity do you think can also help people live longer?
Going morning jogging in a scenic area./Enjoying the fresh air by the beach.(言之有理即可)
9. Do you think detour travel is a good way to travel? Why or why not?
Yes, I think detour travel is a good way to travel. Because the less-famous places are not so crowded and we can have a more peaceful and unique travel experience.(言之有理即可)
答案
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了
2025年的三大旅游趋势。
1. Reasons 2. hot 3. night
4. experience 5. Receive 6. fun
7. show
8. Going morning jogging in a scenic
area./Enjoying the fresh air by the
beach.(言之有理即可)
9. Yes, I think detour travel is a good way
to travel. Because the less-famous
places are not so crowded and we can
have a more peaceful and unique travel
experience.(言之有理即可)
2025年的三大旅游趋势。
1. Reasons 2. hot 3. night
4. experience 5. Receive 6. fun
7. show
8. Going morning jogging in a scenic
area./Enjoying the fresh air by the
beach.(言之有理即可)
9. Yes, I think detour travel is a good way
to travel. Because the less-famous
places are not so crowded and we can
have a more peaceful and unique travel
experience.(言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章介绍了2025年的三大旅游趋势：夜间旅游、健康长寿主题旅游、小众绕行旅游。对于1-7题的填空题，需定位到对应板块的原文内容，提取关键信息或进行词性转换来填写；第8题要结合文中提到的健康相关旅行活动，联想合理的有助于长寿的活动；第9题需围绕绕行旅游的特点（如小众、人少、体验独特等）阐述观点，只要言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 第一个板块介绍夜间旅游，原文提到全球变热导致人们选择夜间出行，这是夜间旅游的原因，故填Reasons。
2. 根据“As the world gets hotter, many people find it uncomfortable to go out during the day”可知，全球变热是夜间旅游的诱因之一，填hot。
3. 该板块主题是夜间旅游，活动围绕夜晚展开，填night。
4. 文章开篇提到人们希望从旅行中获得有意义的体验，结合健康旅游板块，旅行也是获取健康相关的体验，填experience。
5. 根据“people will go to places that offer red light therapy to visitors”，游客是去接受红光疗法，填Receive。
6. 原文指出“travel won't just be about having fun”，旅行不止是为了玩乐，填fun。
7. 文中以欧洲铁路旅行为例，说明绕行旅游的便利性，是为了展示这种旅游方式的可行性，填show。
8. 结合健康生活常识，可列举如在景区晨跑、在海边呼吸新鲜空气等合理活动。
9. 若赞同，可从小众景点不拥挤、能获得独特安静的旅行体验等角度阐述；若不赞同，可从小众景点设施不完善、交通不便等角度说明，只要理由合理即可。
【答案】
1. Reasons
2. hot
3. night
4. experience
5. Receive
6. fun
7. show
8. Going morning jogging in a scenic area./Enjoying the fresh air by the beach.(言之有理即可)
9. Yes, I think detour travel is a good way to travel. Because the less-famous places are not so crowded and we can have a more peaceful and unique travel experience.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
说明文信息提取、主观观点表达
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文的阅读理解和信息提取能力，同时通过主观题考查学生结合生活实际拓展思考的能力，既要求精准定位原文信息完成填空，又需要围绕主题合理表达个人观点，有助于提升学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读全文，明确文章介绍了2025年的三大旅游趋势：夜间旅游、健康长寿主题旅游、小众绕行旅游。对于1-7题的填空题，需定位到对应板块的原文内容，提取关键信息或进行词性转换来填写；第8题要结合文中提到的健康相关旅行活动，联想合理的有助于长寿的活动；第9题需围绕绕行旅游的特点（如小众、人少、体验独特等）阐述观点，只要言之有理即可。
【解析】
1. 第一个板块介绍夜间旅游，原文提到全球变热导致人们选择夜间出行，这是夜间旅游的原因，故填Reasons。
2. 根据“As the world gets hotter, many people find it uncomfortable to go out during the day”可知，全球变热是夜间旅游的诱因之一，填hot。
3. 该板块主题是夜间旅游，活动围绕夜晚展开，填night。
4. 文章开篇提到人们希望从旅行中获得有意义的体验，结合健康旅游板块，旅行也是获取健康相关的体验，填experience。
5. 根据“people will go to places that offer red light therapy to visitors”，游客是去接受红光疗法，填Receive。
6. 原文指出“travel won't just be about having fun”，旅行不止是为了玩乐，填fun。
7. 文中以欧洲铁路旅行为例，说明绕行旅游的便利性，是为了展示这种旅游方式的可行性，填show。
8. 结合健康生活常识，可列举如在景区晨跑、在海边呼吸新鲜空气等合理活动。
9. 若赞同，可从小众景点不拥挤、能获得独特安静的旅行体验等角度阐述；若不赞同，可从小众景点设施不完善、交通不便等角度说明，只要理由合理即可。
【答案】
1. Reasons
2. hot
3. night
4. experience
5. Receive
6. fun
7. show
8. Going morning jogging in a scenic area./Enjoying the fresh air by the beach.(言之有理即可)
9. Yes, I think detour travel is a good way to travel. Because the less-famous places are not so crowded and we can have a more peaceful and unique travel experience.(言之有理即可)
【知识点】
说明文信息提取、主观观点表达
【点评】
本题考查学生对说明文的阅读理解和信息提取能力，同时通过主观题考查学生结合生活实际拓展思考的能力，既要求精准定位原文信息完成填空，又需要围绕主题合理表达个人观点，有助于提升学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
