B. 梳理书信框架。
| Genre(体裁) | Structure | Tense | Person | Content |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 应用文 | 称呼
正文
落款 | 1. | 2. | 自己创作＋阅读素材 |

1. 以一般现在时为主，可根据内容需要灵活搭配一般过去时、一般将来时
2. 常用第一人称和第二人称

本题梳理初中英语书信类应用文的写作基础规则，1. 时态维度：普通书信用于日常交流，通常以一般现在时作为核心时态，叙述过往相关经历可使用一般过去时，提及未来的计划、安排可使用一般将来时，符合八年级写作的时态使用要求。2. 人称维度：书信是写作者向收信人传递信息的交流文体，通常以第一人称表述自身相关情况，以第二人称和收信人展开互动，是书信写作的标准人称使用规范。

C. 使用礼貌用语写信。
假如你是李雷，你今年要去美国的一所学校进行短期学习。在去之前，你想了解一些相关情况。根据下列提示，写一封不少于80词的信件。
提示:1. the course you will study;
2. the time of the course;
3. where and what you can eat;
4. what activities you can do;
5. the ways to go to school
Dear Miss Sun,




I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Lei

I'm Li Lei from China, and I will come to your school for a short-term study this year. I feel really excited about the coming study trip, but there is still some information I hope to get from you. First, could you please tell me what courses I will study there? And I also wonder about the exact time of these courses, so that I can make good preparations ahead of time. Besides, I want to know where I can eat and what kinds of food are provided for students. What's more, could you introduce what kinds of activities we can take part in after class? At last, I also hope to know about the different ways to get to school.

这是一篇咨询类英文书信写作，写作要求如下：1. 开篇先自我介绍，说明自己即将来校短期学习的背景，使用委婉礼貌的表达引出咨询需求；2. 完整覆盖全部5个提示要点：所学课程的相关信息、课程的时间安排、就餐的地点和可选食物、可参与的课余活动、上学的交通方式；3. 行文符合八年级英语词汇语法难度，词数不少于80词，符合正式咨询信的语气要求。

第一节 语法填空
根据短文内容，填写合适的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文意思完整。
There are different ways of asking for help. Non-native English(非英语为母语的）speakers sometimes sound 1. (polite) to native English speakers. This is because they often use language that is too direct. Native English 2. (speaker) often ask for help 3. a polite and indirect way, for example, “Could I ask you the time, please?”“Would you mind 4. (turn) down your TV, please?”
First, polite requests are 5. (normal) made in the form of questions. Second, native English speakers often use “please” to make their 6. (request) more polite. Third, “Could I …？”and “Can I …？”are similar requests. Both of them are correct, but the first one sounds more formal(正式的). You might use “Could I …？” if you want to be more polite.
“I need …” is very direct and is usually 7. (use) for urgent(紧急的) requests. For example, “I need a doctor.”“I need the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Fast!”
“I want …” is very direct and can 8. (sound) impolite. We usually don’t use it to make requests unless we want to be very direct.
I want to speak 9. the manager(经理) right now. I am not leaving here until I get my money back.
In short, asking for help in English needs proper 10. (way). Mastering these rules helps non-natives communicate politely with native English speakers.

1. impolite 2. speakers 3. in 4. turning 5. normally 6. requests 7. used 8. sound 9. to 10. ways

本题考查八年级英语语法的词形变换、固定搭配等知识点，逐空解析如下：
1. 根据后文“他们经常使用过于直接的语言”，可知非英语母语者的表达听起来是不礼貌的，polite的反义词为impolite。
2. 句中谓语ask为原形，主语要用复数形式，speaker的复数是speakers，指代以英语为母语的人群。
3. 固定搭配in a ... way 表示“以一种……的方式”，此处填介词in。
4. 固定结构would you mind doing sth. 意为“你介意做某事吗”，后接动名词，turn变为turning。
5. 此处修饰动词made，需要用副词形式，normal的副词是normally，意为“通常地”。
6. 前面有形容词性物主代词their（他们的），后接可数名词复数，request的复数是requests。
7. 此处是一般现在时的被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，表示“被用于”，use的过去分词是used。
8. 情态动词can后必须接动词原形，所以直接填sound。
9. 固定搭配speak to sb. 意为“和某人交谈”，此处填介词to。
10. 此处表示用英语求助需要合适的方法，way为可数名词，此处用复数ways表示多种方法。