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四、核心素养 思维品质 阅读理解。
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:学习策略 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Have you ever failed a test and thought “I’m just not good at this subject”? Or have you faced a difficult task and said “I can’t do this”? If so, you might be using a “fixed mindset”. But there is another way of thinking that can help you learn and grow. It’s called a “growth mindset”.
What is the difference? People with a fixed mindset believe that their basic abilities, like their intelligence or talent for sports, are fixed traits. They think they are born with a certain amount, and that’s it. Therefore, they often want to appear smart and avoid challenges where they might fail. For them, failure means they are not smart or good enough.
On the other hand, people with a growth mindset believe that their abilities can be developed through hard work, good strategies, and help from others. They see challenges as opportunities to learn. They understand that not being able to do something now doesn’t mean they will never be able to do it. This is the power of adding the word “yet” to your thoughts. “I can’t solve this Maths problem” becomes “I haven’t learned how to solve this Maths problem yet”.
How does a growth mindset help? This way of thinking changes how you react to difficulties. A student with a growth mindset who fails a test might think, “I need to try a different way of studying or ask my teacher for help.” People with a growth mindset see effort as the path to getting better. Because they are not afraid to try hard things, their abilities actually grow over time. They build greater confidence because they have seen themselves improve through practice.
Can you change your mindset? The good news is that mindsets are not fixed; you can change yours. It starts with paying attention to your inner voice. When you hear yourself saying “I can’t”, add that magic word “yet”. Celebrate the process of learning, not just the final result. Praise yourself and others for effort and strategies, not just for being “smart”. When you face a setback, instead of giving up, ask yourself, “What can I learn from this? What strategy can I try next?”
Scientists have found that when students learn about the growth mindset, their grades often improve. More importantly, they become more motivated and resilient. Adopting a growth mindset doesn’t mean you will be good at everything. It means you believe you can get better at anything with time and effort. This powerful idea can unlock your potential and help you on your journey of learning.
1. According to the passage, how would a person with a growth mindset most likely react to a difficult challenge?
A. They would avoid it to prevent failure.
B. They would see it as a chance to learn something new.
C. They would believe it proves their lack of ability.
D. They would feel upset and give up quickly.
2. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 5?
A. To explain why some people are born smarter than others.
B. To provide practical advice on developing a growth mindset.
C. To list the disadvantages of having a fixed mindset.
D. To show the scientific research behind different mindsets.
3. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of high intelligence
B. Learning to celebrate your successes
C. How your thinking can help you grow
D. Why failure is always a bad thing
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:学习策略 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Have you ever failed a test and thought “I’m just not good at this subject”? Or have you faced a difficult task and said “I can’t do this”? If so, you might be using a “fixed mindset”. But there is another way of thinking that can help you learn and grow. It’s called a “growth mindset”.
What is the difference? People with a fixed mindset believe that their basic abilities, like their intelligence or talent for sports, are fixed traits. They think they are born with a certain amount, and that’s it. Therefore, they often want to appear smart and avoid challenges where they might fail. For them, failure means they are not smart or good enough.
On the other hand, people with a growth mindset believe that their abilities can be developed through hard work, good strategies, and help from others. They see challenges as opportunities to learn. They understand that not being able to do something now doesn’t mean they will never be able to do it. This is the power of adding the word “yet” to your thoughts. “I can’t solve this Maths problem” becomes “I haven’t learned how to solve this Maths problem yet”.
How does a growth mindset help? This way of thinking changes how you react to difficulties. A student with a growth mindset who fails a test might think, “I need to try a different way of studying or ask my teacher for help.” People with a growth mindset see effort as the path to getting better. Because they are not afraid to try hard things, their abilities actually grow over time. They build greater confidence because they have seen themselves improve through practice.
Can you change your mindset? The good news is that mindsets are not fixed; you can change yours. It starts with paying attention to your inner voice. When you hear yourself saying “I can’t”, add that magic word “yet”. Celebrate the process of learning, not just the final result. Praise yourself and others for effort and strategies, not just for being “smart”. When you face a setback, instead of giving up, ask yourself, “What can I learn from this? What strategy can I try next?”
Scientists have found that when students learn about the growth mindset, their grades often improve. More importantly, they become more motivated and resilient. Adopting a growth mindset doesn’t mean you will be good at everything. It means you believe you can get better at anything with time and effort. This powerful idea can unlock your potential and help you on your journey of learning.
1. According to the passage, how would a person with a growth mindset most likely react to a difficult challenge?
A. They would avoid it to prevent failure.
B. They would see it as a chance to learn something new.
C. They would believe it proves their lack of ability.
D. They would feel upset and give up quickly.
2. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 5?
A. To explain why some people are born smarter than others.
B. To provide practical advice on developing a growth mindset.
C. To list the disadvantages of having a fixed mindset.
D. To show the scientific research behind different mindsets.
3. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The importance of high intelligence
B. Learning to celebrate your successes
C. How your thinking can help you grow
D. Why failure is always a bad thing
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“people with a growth mindset ... see challenges as opportunities to learn”可知，有成长型思维的人把挑战看作学习的机会。
2. B 推理判断题。第五段围绕“如何改变思维模式”给出了培养成长型思维的具体做法，旨在提供相关实用建议。
3. C 标题归纳题。全文主要介绍成长型思维及其对成长的作用，核心是思维方式如何助力个人成长，故C选项为最适合的标题。
2. B 推理判断题。第五段围绕“如何改变思维模式”给出了培养成长型思维的具体做法，旨在提供相关实用建议。
3. C 标题归纳题。全文主要介绍成长型思维及其对成长的作用，核心是思维方式如何助力个人成长，故C选项为最适合的标题。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于成长型思维的说明文，设置了三道阅读理解题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断和标题归纳。解题时，需针对不同题型：第1题定位原文中成长型思维者对挑战的态度；第2题分析第五段核心内容明确写作目的；第3题梳理全文主旨提炼标题，确保答案贴合原文信息。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段“people with a growth mindset ... see challenges as opportunities to learn”可知，成长型思维的人将挑战视为学习的机会，对应选项B。A是固定型思维者避免挑战的做法，C、D是固定型思维者面对困难的消极反应，均排除。
2. 推理判断题：第五段围绕“如何改变思维模式”展开，给出了“关注内心声音、添加‘yet’、庆祝学习过程、表扬努力而非聪明、从挫折中学习”等具体做法，目的是提供培养成长型思维的实用建议，对应选项B。A、C与第五段内容无关，D是第六段的研究内容，均排除。
3. 标题归纳题：全文介绍固定型思维与成长型思维的区别，重点阐述成长型思维的作用及培养方法，核心是“思维方式如何助力个人成长”，对应选项C。A与成长型思维无关，B仅涉及部分内容，D与文意相悖，均排除。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解；阅读理解推理判断；阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】本题为说明文阅读理解，围绕“成长型思维”主题，考查学生对语篇细节、段落写作目的及主旨大意的理解，题型典型，需学生准确定位原文信息并归纳总结。
【难度系数】0.6
这是一篇关于成长型思维的说明文，设置了三道阅读理解题，分别考查细节理解、推理判断和标题归纳。解题时，需针对不同题型：第1题定位原文中成长型思维者对挑战的态度；第2题分析第五段核心内容明确写作目的；第3题梳理全文主旨提炼标题，确保答案贴合原文信息。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第三段“people with a growth mindset ... see challenges as opportunities to learn”可知，成长型思维的人将挑战视为学习的机会，对应选项B。A是固定型思维者避免挑战的做法，C、D是固定型思维者面对困难的消极反应，均排除。
2. 推理判断题：第五段围绕“如何改变思维模式”展开，给出了“关注内心声音、添加‘yet’、庆祝学习过程、表扬努力而非聪明、从挫折中学习”等具体做法，目的是提供培养成长型思维的实用建议，对应选项B。A、C与第五段内容无关，D是第六段的研究内容，均排除。
3. 标题归纳题：全文介绍固定型思维与成长型思维的区别，重点阐述成长型思维的作用及培养方法，核心是“思维方式如何助力个人成长”，对应选项C。A与成长型思维无关，B仅涉及部分内容，D与文意相悖，均排除。
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解；阅读理解推理判断；阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】本题为说明文阅读理解，围绕“成长型思维”主题，考查学生对语篇细节、段落写作目的及主旨大意的理解，题型典型，需学生准确定位原文信息并归纳总结。
【难度系数】0.6
