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七、信息还原。(2025·山西改编)
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Good manners are necessary in a society. Many think good manners stop them from doing what they want, but in fact they give you a social advantage. 1
Greet the guest. When someone visits your parents, you need to say hello to him warmly. 2 but you should still look into his eyes or give him a friendly smile.
Offer to clean up. After a birthday party or a dinner, you should help sweep the floor, do the dishes or take out the rubbish. 3 you are supposed to help put away things, for you benefit from using those things.
Consider others’ dislikes. Listen to people when they tell you what they don’t like, whether it’s a friend who doesn’t want a hug, a cousin who doesn’t want to share his snacks, or a parent who doesn’t think you can open the bathroom door without knocking.
4 There are plenty of things that you can do for others, like holding doors open, giving up seats to the old, or letting someone go first in line. These not only show your understanding of what others need, but also help society run smoothly.
Include everyone. Sometimes you don’t want to talk to others simply because you don’t like them. 5 but you should notice people around you. Just think about how you would feel if all the classmates were invited to a party except you.
Caring about basic manners will set you ahead of others, make you confident in new situations, and help you become popular among people.
A. Read on for some manners you should learn.
B. You don’t have to be good friends with everyone,
C. Maybe you feel uncomfortable shaking hands with him,
D. Even if you don’t make the mess,
E. Do small acts of kindness.
F. Believe in yourself.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A～F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Good manners are necessary in a society. Many think good manners stop them from doing what they want, but in fact they give you a social advantage. 1
Greet the guest. When someone visits your parents, you need to say hello to him warmly. 2 but you should still look into his eyes or give him a friendly smile.
Offer to clean up. After a birthday party or a dinner, you should help sweep the floor, do the dishes or take out the rubbish. 3 you are supposed to help put away things, for you benefit from using those things.
Consider others’ dislikes. Listen to people when they tell you what they don’t like, whether it’s a friend who doesn’t want a hug, a cousin who doesn’t want to share his snacks, or a parent who doesn’t think you can open the bathroom door without knocking.
4 There are plenty of things that you can do for others, like holding doors open, giving up seats to the old, or letting someone go first in line. These not only show your understanding of what others need, but also help society run smoothly.
Include everyone. Sometimes you don’t want to talk to others simply because you don’t like them. 5 but you should notice people around you. Just think about how you would feel if all the classmates were invited to a party except you.
Caring about basic manners will set you ahead of others, make you confident in new situations, and help you become popular among people.
A. Read on for some manners you should learn.
B. You don’t have to be good friends with everyone,
C. Maybe you feel uncomfortable shaking hands with him,
D. Even if you don’t make the mess,
E. Do small acts of kindness.
F. Believe in yourself.
1.
A
2.
C
3.
D
4.
E
5.
B
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. B
解析
【分析】
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍几个日常生活中需要遵守的文明礼仪准则，再逐空结合前后文的逻辑关联匹配选项：首先第一空位于首段末尾，前文点明礼貌能带来社交优势，后文开始分点罗列具体的礼仪要求，需要选一个承上启下的过渡句；第二空后有转折连词but，说明空处内容和后文“仍要注视对方眼睛、给出友好微笑”构成让步转折关系；第三空后说明你也使用了相关物品所以有义务帮忙整理，空处要对应让步假设的前提；第四空位于段首，是该段的主题句，要能统领后文列举的开门、让座等善意小事；第五空后同样有but转折，空处内容和后文“要留意身边的人”构成转折逻辑，最后排除无关选项F即可得到答案。
【解析】
1. 前文点明礼貌能给人带来社交优势，后文开始分点介绍各类需要学习的礼仪做法，A选项“继续往下读了解一些你应当学习的礼仪”起到完美的承上启下作用，衔接上下文，故选A。
2. 后文出现转折连词but，表明空处内容和“你仍然要注视他的眼睛或者给出友好的微笑”构成让步转折逻辑，C选项“也许你和他握手会觉得不舒服”符合语境逻辑，故选C。
3. 后文提到“你也从使用这些物品中受益，所以应当帮忙整理”，D选项“即使不是你弄乱的”刚好对应让步假设的前提，衔接后文帮忙收拾的理由，逻辑通顺，故选D。
4. 空处位于段首，是该段的主题句，后文列举了为别人开门、给老人让座、排队礼让等诸多小事，E选项“做小小的善举”可以统领整段内容，契合段落主旨，故选E。
5. 后文出现转折连词but，空处内容和“你仍然要留意你身边的人”构成转折逻辑，B选项“你不必和所有人都成为好朋友”符合语境要求，故选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. B
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，信息还原，主题句判断
【点评】
本题以日常文明礼仪为主题，考点均围绕语篇的过渡衔接、转折逻辑、主题句匹配设置，没有设置过难的干扰项，既考查学生的英语阅读理解和上下文逻辑推导能力，也能引导学生了解实用的社交礼仪常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍几个日常生活中需要遵守的文明礼仪准则，再逐空结合前后文的逻辑关联匹配选项：首先第一空位于首段末尾，前文点明礼貌能带来社交优势，后文开始分点罗列具体的礼仪要求，需要选一个承上启下的过渡句；第二空后有转折连词but，说明空处内容和后文“仍要注视对方眼睛、给出友好微笑”构成让步转折关系；第三空后说明你也使用了相关物品所以有义务帮忙整理，空处要对应让步假设的前提；第四空位于段首，是该段的主题句，要能统领后文列举的开门、让座等善意小事；第五空后同样有but转折，空处内容和后文“要留意身边的人”构成转折逻辑，最后排除无关选项F即可得到答案。
【解析】
1. 前文点明礼貌能给人带来社交优势，后文开始分点介绍各类需要学习的礼仪做法，A选项“继续往下读了解一些你应当学习的礼仪”起到完美的承上启下作用，衔接上下文，故选A。
2. 后文出现转折连词but，表明空处内容和“你仍然要注视他的眼睛或者给出友好的微笑”构成让步转折逻辑，C选项“也许你和他握手会觉得不舒服”符合语境逻辑，故选C。
3. 后文提到“你也从使用这些物品中受益，所以应当帮忙整理”，D选项“即使不是你弄乱的”刚好对应让步假设的前提，衔接后文帮忙收拾的理由，逻辑通顺，故选D。
4. 空处位于段首，是该段的主题句，后文列举了为别人开门、给老人让座、排队礼让等诸多小事，E选项“做小小的善举”可以统领整段内容，契合段落主旨，故选E。
5. 后文出现转折连词but，空处内容和“你仍然要留意你身边的人”构成转折逻辑，B选项“你不必和所有人都成为好朋友”符合语境要求，故选B。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. B
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，信息还原，主题句判断
【点评】
本题以日常文明礼仪为主题，考点均围绕语篇的过渡衔接、转折逻辑、主题句匹配设置，没有设置过难的干扰项，既考查学生的英语阅读理解和上下文逻辑推导能力，也能引导学生了解实用的社交礼仪常识。
【难度系数】
0.7
